scholarly journals Control Efficiency and Mechanism of Spinetoram Seed-Pelleting Against the Striped Flea Beetle Phyllotreta Striolata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Xiong ◽  
Nanda satyabrata ◽  
Fengliang Jin ◽  
Qingsheng Lin ◽  
Xia Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Application Frequency

Abstract The striped flea beetle (SFB, Phyllotreta striolata) is an important pest of the cruciferous crops in Asia. SFB is regarded as the most destructive pest of cruciferous crops in China due to the severe crop loss and frequent infestation incidents. As no SFB resistant cultivar is available at present, therefore, application of insecticides is the primary method of SFB control. On the contrary, the exploitation of chemical insecticides causes severe environmental issues and is not cost-effective. The use of a seed-pelletized coating of spinetoram effectively reduced SFB feedings on the flowering cabbage seedlings, whereas in combination with the insect-proof net, it controlled the SFB infestation throughout the cabbage growth period. The analysis of the pesticide residues in soil and different cabbage parts indicated the degradation dynamics of spinetoram. Furthermore, estimation of the half-life of spinetoram revealed that via seed-palletized application spinetoram half-life was found to be 2.82 days in soil, 4.21 days in the root, 5.77 days in the stem, and 3.57 days in the leaf, respectively. Both the lower pesticide residues and the half-life of spinetoram in soil and cabbage parts suggested it to be a promising environment and food-safe pesticide in controlling SFB. Moreover, the seed-pelletized coating ensured a sustainable release of spinetoram that can reduce the pesticide application frequency and be cost-effective and pocket-friendly for the farmers.

scholarly journals Dissipation and Residues of Mandipropamid in Grape Using QuEChERS Methodology and HPLC-DAD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag M. Malhat ◽  
Hend A. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preharvest Interval

The HPLC method for determination of mandipropamid residues and its dissipation in grape was investigated. The mean recoveries of the analytical method were 98–102%. The samples were collected within 2 weeks after pesticide application, and the pesticide residues were extracted by an optimized QuEChERS method. Mandipropamid dissipated rapidly with half-life 2.20 days in grape. According to maximum residue limit (MRL) the preharvest interval (PHI) of mandipropamid on grape was 4 days, after the last treatment.

Phyllotreta striolata. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Kurile Islands ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae Striped flea beetle, turnip flea beetle. Attacks turnip, cabbage, rape and other Cruciferae. = Phyllotreta vittata(Fabricius) Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Crete, Czech, Republic Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish, Republic Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, RUSSIA, Amur, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Karelia, Khabarovsk, Kiev, Leningrad, Magadan, Primorye, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Smolensk, ASIA, Andaman Islands, Bhutan, Burma, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Xizhang, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Tripura, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea, Kurile Islands, Malaysia, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Okinawa, Sikkim, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan–sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727
Author(s):  
Yasser Abbasi ◽  
Chris M. Mannaerts
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Lake Naivasha ◽  
Endosulfan Sulfate ◽  
Modeling Approach

Distribution of pesticide residues in the environment and their transport to surface water bodies is one of the most important environmental challenges. Fate of pesticides in the complex environments, especially in aquatic phases such as lakes and rivers, is governed by the main properties of the contaminants and the environmental properties. In this study, a multimedia mass modeling approach using the Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model was applied to explore the fate of organochlorine pesticide residues of methoxychlor, α-HCH and endosulfan–sulfate in the lake Naivasha (Kenya). The required physicochemical data of the pesticides such as molar mass, vapor pressure, air–water partitioning coefficient (KAW), solubility, and the Henry’s law constant were provided as the inputs of the model. The environment data also were collected using field measurements and taken from the literature. The sensitivity analysis of the model was applied using One At a Time (OAT) approach and calibrated using measured pesticide residues by passive sampling method. Finally, the calibrated model was used to estimate the fate and distribution of the pesticide residues in different media of the lake. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that the five most sensitive parameters were KOC, logKow, half-life of the pollutants in water, half-life of the pollutants in sediment, and KAW. The variations of outputs for the three studied pesticide residues against inputs were noticeably different. For example, the range of changes in the concentration of α-HCH residue was between 96% to 102%, while for methoxychlor and endosulfan-sulfate it was between 65% to 125%. The results of calibration demonstrated that the model was calibrated reasonably with the R2 of 0.65 and RMSE of 16.4. It was found that methoxychlor had a mass fraction of almost 70% in water column and almost 30% of mass fraction in the sediment. In contrast, endosulfan–sulfate had highest most fraction in the water column (>99%) and just a negligible percentage in the sediment compartment. α-HCH also had the same situation like endosulfan–sulfate (e.g., 99% and 1% in water and sediment, respectively). Finally, it was concluded that the application of QWASI in combination with passive sampling technique allowed an insight to the fate process of the studied OCPs and helped actual concentration predictions. Therefore, the results of this study can also be used to perform risk assessment and investigate the environmental exposure of pesticide residues.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pesticide Residue Dynamics in Lettuce, Onion, Leek, Carrot and Parsley

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Tereza Horská ◽  
František Kocourek ◽  
Jitka Stará ◽  
Kamil Holý ◽  
Petr Mráz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Crop Harvest

The dynamics of 32 active substances contained in pesticide formulations (15 fungicides and 17 insecticides) were analyzed in iceberg lettuce, onion, leek, carrot, and parsley. Pesticide residues were monitored from the time of application until harvest. In total, 114 mathematical models of residue dissipation were developed using a first-order kinetic equation. Based on these models, it was possible to predict the action pre-harvest interval (the time between the last pesticide application and crop harvest) needed to attain a targeted action threshold (value significantly lower than the maximum limit) for low-residue vegetable production. In addition, it was possible to determine an action pre-harvest interval based on an action threshold of 0.01 mg kg−1 to produce vegetables intended for zero-residue production. The highest amount of pesticide residues were found in carrot and parsley leaves several days after treatment, and pesticide dissipation was generally slow. Lower amounts were found in leeks and lettuce, but pesticide dissipation was faster in lettuce. According to our findings, it seems feasible to apply reduced pesticide amounts to stay below unwanted residue levels. However, understanding the effectivity of reduced pesticide application for controlling relevant pest organisms requires further research.

Predation of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Eggs and Larvae by Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Larvae in the Laboratory and Field Cages

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Nordlund ◽  
Don C. Vacek ◽  
David N. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Chrysoperla Rufilabris ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Studies of predation by Chrysoperla rufilabris larvae on Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, were conducted to determine if this predator could effectively prey on eggs and young larvae of this important pest. In laboratory experiments in which CPB eggs and young larvae were exposed to 5 or 10 C. rufilabris larvae/cage we obtained 99.7% and 97.7% population reduction, respectively. In experiments in which CPB larvae were exposed to 10 or 50 C. rufilabris larvae/cage we obtained 79.9% and 97.3% population reduction, respectively. In field cage experiments, 84% population reduction was obtained with release rates of 80,940 C. rufilabris larvae per hectare. These data indicate that C. rufilabris larvae might be useful in periodic release programs against this important agricultural pest. However, because of the high release rates required in the field, a significant reduction in the cost of mass production is needed to make C. rufilabris a cost effective agent for control of this pest.

scholarly journals Estimation of Diafenthiuron Residues in Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Using Normal Phase HPLC: Dissipation Pattern and Safe Waiting Period in Green and Cured Cardamom Capsules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Stanley ◽  
Subramanian Chandrasekaran ◽  
Gnanadhas Preetha ◽  
Sasthakutty Kuttalam ◽  
R. Sheeba Jasmine
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
Normal Phase Hplc ◽  
Dissipation Pattern

Diafenthiuron is an effective insecticide used for pest management in cardamom. Residues of diafenthiuron and its degradation/dissipation pattern in cardamom were determined to work out safe waiting period. Samples were collected after three sprays of diafenthiuron @ 400 and 800 g a.i ha−1 and the residues extracted in acetonitrile and quantified in normal phase HPLC in UV detector. Diafenthiuron was detected in 6.61±0.1 min. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.01 and 0.05 μgmL−1. The initial deposits were found to be 3.82 and 4.10 μg g−1 after sprays of diafenthiuron @ 400 g a.i ha−1 in the first and second experiments, respectively. Nearly cent percent of residues dissipated at 10 days after treatment in the recommended dose of diafenthiuron 400 g a.i ha−1 and the half life varied from 2.0 to 2.8 days with a waiting period of 5.5 to 6.7 days in green capsules of cardamom. The waiting period was 5.4 to 7.0 days in cured capsules of cardamom. With harvest being the focal point for enforcement of residue tolerances, the suggested waiting period of seven days is safe without the problem of pesticide residues in harvestable produce.

scholarly journals Integrating Kaolin Clay for Ambrosia Beetle Management in Ornamental Crops of Eastern Redbud

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Werle ◽  
Karla M. Addesso ◽  
Blair J. Sampson ◽  
Jason B. Oliver ◽  
John J. Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Eastern Redbud ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Dispersal Period

Invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are an important pest problem at ornamental tree nurseries. Available chemical treatments are not completely effective and, due to the length of the beetle dispersal period and insecticide breakdown, repeated treatments can become costly in terms of application expense and nontarget impacts. Additional options are needed to reduce application frequency and to provide an acceptable level of crop protection. Four treatments were tested using ethanol-injected eastern redbud trees at research sites in Mississippi (MS) and Tennessee (TN) over 2 years (2014–15), with the number of new ambrosia beetle galleries compared over time on 1) nontreated control trees, 2) kaolin-treated trees, 3) bifenthrin-treated trees, and 4) kaolin + bifenthrin (k + b)-treated trees. Kaolin-treated trees rapidly lost their coating after rain events and, at 6 days after treatment (DAT) in TN, no differences were detected in the number of beetle galleries between kaolin and nontreated control trees. Kaolin + bifenthrin-treated trees appeared to retain treatment residue longer, but were not better-protected than bifenthrin-treated trees at any time. Further research is needed to determine whether an adjuvant, such as a surfactant, spreader, or sticker, may enhance the modest impact offered by kaolin in our test, or if a reduction in rates of bifenthrin may be allowable.

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