HIF-1α Negatively Regulates Irisin Expression Which Involves in Muscle Atrophy Induced by Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Liu ◽  
Pengyu Fu ◽  
Kaiting Ning ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Baoqiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Chemical Hypoxia ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
Ambient Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxia Treatment

Abstract Background: Exposure to high altitude environment leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. As a hormone secreted by skeletal muscles after exercise, irisin contributes to promoting muscle regeneration and ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy, but its role in hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. Methods & Results: Our results showed that 4 w of hypoxia exposure significantly reduced body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass of mice, as well as grip strength and the duration time of treadmill exercise. Hypoxia treatment increased HIF-1α expression and decreased both the circulation level of irisin and its precursor protein FNDC5 expression in skeletal muscle. In vitro, CoCl2-induced chemical hypoxia and 1% O2 ambient hypoxia both reduced FNDC5, along with the increase of HIF-1α. Moreover, the decline of area and diameter of myotubes caused by hypoxia were rescued by inhibiting HIF-1α via YC-1. and Conclusions: Collectively, our research indicated that FNDC5/irisin was negatively regulated by HIF-1α and could participate in the regulation of muscle atrophy caused by hypoxia.

scholarly journals HIF-1α Negatively Regulates Irisin Expression Which Involves in Muscle Atrophy Induced by Hypoxia

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Liu ◽  
Pengyu Fu ◽  
Kaiting Ning ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Baoqiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Chemical Hypoxia ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Ambient Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Treatment

Exposure to high altitude environment leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. As a hormone secreted by skeletal muscles after exercise, irisin contributes to promoting muscle regeneration and ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy, but its role in hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. Our results showed that 4 w of hypoxia exposure significantly reduced body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass of mice, as well as grip strength and the duration time of treadmill exercise. Hypoxic treatment increased HIF-1α expression and decreased both the circulation level of irisin and its precursor protein FNDC5 expression in skeletal muscle. In in vitro, CoCl2-induced chemical hypoxia and 1% O2 ambient hypoxia both reduced FNDC5, along with the increase in HIF-1α. Moreover, the decline in the area and diameter of myotubes caused by hypoxia were rescued by inhibiting HIF-1α via YC-1. Collectively, our research indicated that FNDC5/irisin was negatively regulated by HIF-1α and could participate in the regulation of muscle atrophy caused by hypoxia.

scholarly journals Mechanical loading of tissue engineered skeletal muscle prevents dexamethasone induced myotube atrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn W. Aguilar-Agon ◽  
Andrew J. Capel ◽  
Jacob W. Fleming ◽  
Darren J. Player ◽  
Neil R. W. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Murine Cell Line

Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy as a consequence of acute and chronic illness, immobilisation, muscular dystrophies and aging, leads to severe muscle weakness, inactivity and increased mortality. Mechanical loading is thought to be the primary driver for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, however the extent to which mechanical loading can offset muscle catabolism has not been thoroughly explored. In vitro 3D-models of skeletal muscle provide a controllable, high throughput environment and mitigating many of the ethical and methodological constraints present during in vivo experimentation. This work aimed to determine if mechanical loading would offset dexamethasone (DEX) induced skeletal muscle atrophy, in muscle engineered using the C2C12 murine cell line. Mechanical loading successfully offset myotube atrophy and functional degeneration associated with DEX regardless of whether the loading occurred before or after 24 h of DEX treatment. Furthermore, mechanical load prevented increases in MuRF-1 and MAFbx mRNA expression, critical regulators of muscle atrophy. Overall, we demonstrate the application of tissue engineered muscle to study skeletal muscle health and disease, offering great potential for future use to better understand treatment modalities for skeletal muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Preclinical Evaluation of a Food-Derived Functional Ingredient to Address Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Roi Cal ◽  
Heidi Davis ◽  
Alish Kerr ◽  
Audrey Wall ◽  
Brendan Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Tnf Α

Skeletal muscle is the metabolic powerhouse of the body, however, dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass maintenance can have devastating effects leading to many metabolic and physiological diseases. The lack of effective solutions makes finding a validated nutritional intervention an urgent unmet medical need. In vitro testing in murine skeletal muscle cells and human macrophages was carried out to determine the effect of a hydrolysate derived from vicia faba (PeptiStrong: NPN_1) against phosphorylated S6, atrophy gene expression, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion, respectively. Finally, the efficacy of NPN_1 on attenuating muscle waste in vivo was assessed in an atrophy murine model. Treatment of NPN_1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of S6, downregulated muscle atrophy related genes, and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α release in vitro. In a disuse atrophy murine model, following 18 days of NPN_1 treatment, mice exhibited a significant attenuation of muscle loss in the soleus muscle and increased the integrated expression of Type I and Type IIa fibres. At the RNA level, a significant upregulation of protein synthesis-related genes was observed in the soleus muscle following NPN_1 treatment. In vitro and preclinical results suggest that NPN_1 is an effective bioactive ingredient with great potential to prolong muscle health.

scholarly journals Trimetazidine attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Xin-Feng Jiao ◽  
Cheng Wu ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Hui-Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Caspase 1

AbstractSkeletal muscle atrophy is one of the major side effects of high dose or sustained usage of glucocorticoids. Pyroptosis is a novel form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death that may contribute to skeletal muscle injury. Trimetazidine, a well-known anti-anginal agent, can improve skeletal muscle performance both in humans and mice. We here showed that dexamethasone-induced atrophy, as evidenced by the increase of muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) expression, and the decrease of myotube diameter in C2C12 myotubes. Dexamethasone also induced pyroptosis, indicated by upregulated pyroptosis-related protein NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, and gasdermin-D (GSDMD). Knockdown of NLRP3 or GSDMD attenuated dexamethasone-induced myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Trimetazidine treatment ameliorated dexamethasone-induced muscle pyroptosis and atrophy both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of NLRP3 using LPS and ATP not only increased the cleavage and activation of Caspase-1 and GSDMD, but also increased the expression levels of atrophy markers MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 in trimetazidine-treated C2C12 myotubes. Mechanically, dexamethasone inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a, which could be attenuated by trimetazidine. Conversely, co-treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, picropodophyllin, remarkably increased the expression of NLRP3 and reversed the protective effects of trimetazidine against dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Taken together, our study suggests that NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis might be a novel mechanism for dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Trimetazidine might be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Camphene Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3731
Author(s):  
Suji Baek ◽  
Jisu Kim ◽  
Byung Seok Moon ◽  
Sun Mi Park ◽  
Da Eun Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
In Vivo Models

Sarcopenia- or cachexia-related muscle atrophy is due to imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress-induced muscle dysfunction. Monoterpenes play biological and pharmacological reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging roles. Hence, we explored the effects of camphene, a bicyclic monoterpene, on skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo. We treated L6 myoblast cells with camphene and then examined the ROS-related oxidative stress using Mito TrackerTM Red FM and anti-8-oxoguanine antibody staining. To investigate lipid metabolism, we performed real-time polymerase chain reactions, holotomographic microscopy, and respiratory gas analysis. Rat muscle atrophy in in vivo models was observed using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and immunocytochemistry. Camphene reversed the aberrant cell size and muscle morphology of L6 myoblasts under starvation and in in vivo models. Camphene also attenuated E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle RING-finger protein-1, mitochondrial fission, and 8-oxoguanine nuclear expression in starved myotubes and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated cells. Moreover, camphene significantly regulated lipid metabolism in H2O2-treated cells and in vivo models. These findings suggest that camphene may potentially affect skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Trimetazidine Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD Pathway-Mediated Pyroptosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Ming-Qing He ◽  
Xi-Yu Shen ◽  
Kang-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Can Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Compound

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the major side effects of high dose or sustained usage of glucocorticoids. Pyroptosis is a novel form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death that may contribute to skeletal muscle injury. Trimetazidine, a well-known anti-anginal agent, can also improve skeletal muscle performance both in human and mice. We here showed that dexamethasone induced atrophy, evidenced by the increase of muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) expression , and the decrease of myotube diameter in C2C12 myotubes. Dexamethasone also induced pyroptosis, indicated by upregulated pyroptosis-related protein NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD. Knockdown of NLRP3 or GSDMD attenuated dexamethasone-induced myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Trimetazidine administration ameliorated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, trimetazidine improved exercise tolerance, as evidenced by increased running distance and running time, as well as increased skeletal muscle mass in dexamethasone-treated mice. Mechanically, trimetazidine could reverse dexamethasone-induced activation of pyroptosis both in C2C12 myotubes and in mice. Taken together, our present study demonstrated that NLRP3/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis was involved in dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Trimetazidine could partially alleviate dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, and increase the diameter of C2C12 myotubes via inhibiting pyroptosis. Thus, trimetazidine might be a potential therapeutic compound for the prevention of muscle atrophy in glucocorticoid-treated patients.

scholarly journals Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK–MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunkyoung Ryu ◽  
Donghyen Lee ◽  
Seung Hyo Jung ◽  
Kyung-Jin Lee ◽  
Hengzhe Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Fasted Rats

Chrysanthemum boreale Makino essential oil (CBMEO) has diverse biological activities including a skin regenerating effect. However, its role in muscle atrophy remains unknown. This study explored the effects of CBMEO and its active ingredients on skeletal muscle atrophy using in vitro and in vivo models of muscle atrophy. CBMEO reversed the size decrease of L6 myoblasts under starvation. Among the eight monoterpene compounds of CBMEO without cytotoxicity for L6 cells, sabinene induced predominant recovery of reductions of myotube diameters under starvation. Sabinene diminished the elevated E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylations in starved myotubes. Moreover, sabinene decreased the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myotubes under starvation. The ROS inhibitor antagonized expression of MuRF-1 and phosphorylation of MAPKs, which were elevated in starved myotubes. In addition, levels of muscle fiber atrophy and MuRF-1 expression in gastrocnemius from fasted rats were reduced after administration of sabinene. These findings demonstrate that sabinene, a bioactive component from CBMEO, may attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the activation mechanism of ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways in starved myotubes, probably leading to the reverse of reduced muscle fiber size in fasted rats.

Interleukin-15 responses to aging and unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. C1298-C1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio E. Pistilli ◽  
Parco M. Siu ◽  
Stephen E. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Interleukin 15

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) mRNA is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle. Although IL-15 has proposed hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic roles in vitro, its role in skeletal muscle cells in vivo is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle aging and unloading, two conditions known to promote muscle atrophy, would alter basal IL-15 expression in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that IL-15 mRNA expression would increase as a result of both aging and muscle unloading and that muscle would express the mRNA for a functional trimeric IL-15 receptor (IL-15R). Two models of unloading were used in this study: hindlimb suspension (HS) in rats and wing unloading in quail. The absolute muscle wet weight of plantaris and soleus muscles from aged rats was significantly less when compared with muscles from young adult rats. Although 14 days of HS resulted in reduced muscle mass of plantaris and soleus muscles from young adult animals, this effect was not observed in muscles from aged animals. A significant aging times unloading interaction was observed for IL-15 mRNA in both rat soleus and plantaris muscles. Patagialis (PAT) muscles from aged quail retained a significant 12 and 6% of stretch-induced hypertrophy after 7 and 14 days of unloading, respectively. PAT muscles from young quail retained 15% hypertrophy at 7 days of unloading but regressed to control levels following 14 days of unloading. A main effect of age was observed on IL-15 mRNA expression in PAT muscles at 14 days of overload, 7 days of unloading, and 14 days of unloading. Skeletal muscle also expressed the mRNAs for a functional IL-15R composed of IL-15Rα, IL-2/15R-β, and -γc. Based on these data, we speculate that increases in IL-15 mRNA in response to atrophic stimuli may be an attempt to counteract muscle mass loss in skeletal muscles of old animals. Additional research is warranted to determine the importance of the IL-15/IL-15R system to counter muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Blockade of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Summermatter ◽  
Anais Bouzan ◽  
Eliane Pierrel ◽  
Stefan Melly ◽  
Daniela Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Intracellular Zinc ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Zinc Storage

ABSTRACT Metallothioneins are proteins that are involved in intracellular zinc storage and transport. Their expression levels have been reported to be elevated in several settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. We therefore investigated the effect of metallothionein blockade on skeletal muscle anabolism in vitro and in vivo. We found that concomitant abrogation of metallothioneins 1 and 2 results in activation of the Akt pathway and increases in myotube size, in type IIb fiber hypertrophy, and ultimately in muscle strength. Importantly, the beneficial effects of metallothionein blockade on muscle mass and function was also observed in the setting of glucocorticoid addition, which is a strong atrophy-inducing stimulus. Given the blockade of atrophy and the preservation of strength in atrophy-inducing settings, these results suggest that blockade of metallothioneins 1 and 2 constitutes a promising approach for the treatment of conditions which result in muscle atrophy.

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