Optimization of ‘On Farm’ Hydropriming Conditions In Wheat: Soaking Time And Water Volume Have Interactive Effects On Seed Performance

Abstract Seed priming is a simple and cost effective method to obtain a better plant stand under diverse environmental conditions. The current study was designed to determine the optimal priming duration and water volume for wheat seed. For this experiment, three wheat genotypes with distinct genetic and adaptive backgrounds were chosen. Seeds of each genotype were hydroprimed for 7 durations, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours, in three different water volumes, i.e. half, equal, and double volume with respect to seed weight. The control was unprimed (dry) seed. The germination characteristics and seedling vigour potential of hydroprimed seeds were evaluated in the lab by recording several parameters such as germination percentage and speed, seedling growth, and vigour indices at two different temperature levels. The results showed that optimal duration for hydropriming of wheat seed is 12 hours with an equal volume with respect to original seed weight, closely followed by 8 hours with double volume. Reduction in seed performance was observed at 16 and 20 hours priming particularly at double volume treatment. Effect of temperature on seed germination showed improvement in seedling vigour at 25°C when compared to 20°C, although germination percentage decreased slightly. Volume of water and priming duration showed significant interactive effects demonstrating that a higher volume can give equivalent results at a shorter duration and vice versa.

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PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION BY FARMERS OF ON-FARM SEED PRIMING IN WHEAT IN INDIA, NEPAL AND PAKISTAN

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479701003106 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 403-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

D. Harris ◽

B. S. Raghuwanshi ◽

J. S. Gangwar ◽

S. C. Singh ◽

K. D. Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Wheat Seed ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Marginal Areas ◽

Input Use ◽

On Farm ◽

Tribal Areas ◽

Mean Time

The mean time for 50% germination at 20 °C of 12 Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars was nearly halved, from 51 h to 27 h, by soaking seed in water for 8 h prior to sowing. A delay of 24 h without further soaking, intended to simulate postponement of sowing, reduced the time saved by priming to 16%. Priming had no effect on final germination percentage. These results were used in the design of 275 on-farm, farmer-managed, participatory trials of seed priming in wheat during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 rabi (post-monsoon) seasons. In forty-one trials in tribal areas of Bihar and West Bengal states of India, seed priming gave a 13% grain yield advantage for farmers growing wheat in marginal areas with low levels of agricultural inputs. Mean benefits from seed priming of wheat in nine trials in Chitwan, Nepal were 17%. In high potential areas of Gujarat, India, 205 trials had higher rates of input use. Yield benefit from priming in these trials averaged only 5% but constituted an extra 200 kg ha−1 grain at little or no cost. In 20 trials on marginal land, with slightly saline irrigation water in Ahmadwala, Pakistan, an average yield increase of 36% was obtained using seed primed with a 0.2% gypsum solution. Collaborating farmers reported that priming wheat seed overnight resulted in faster, more complete emergence, more vigorous early growth, better tillering, earlier flowering, larger ears, earlier maturity and higher yields. In addition, many farmers also reported that foliage in primed plots was a darker shade of green than that in non-primed plots, suggesting that primed plants may have been using nitrogen more efficiently. Seed priming was popular with farmers, most of whom reported that they would prime wheat seed the following year. A survey in Gujarat in 1998–99 of 63 farmers who had tested priming in 1997–98 showed that, while 65% had primed some of their own seed, none had primed more than 50 kg, suggesting that there were practical difficulties in priming larger volumes of seed.

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Influence of Priming with Exogenous Selenium on Seed Vigour of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-587 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F.S. Xia ◽

C.C. Wang ◽

Y.Y. Li ◽

Y.Y. Yang ◽

C. Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Health Concern ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Low Selenium ◽

Alfalfa Seeds

Background: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element to higher plants, animals and humans, but low Se levels are a global public health concern. Seed priming has become a basic strategy for the production of Se-riched agricultural products, but its application is still not clear in the production of Se-enrich alfalfa, hence this study was conducted for the production of Se-enriched alfalfa by seed priming with different concentrations and time on seed vigour. Methods: Seeds were primed with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol L-1 of sodium selenite solution for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 20°C and their germination percentage, germination index, seedling vigour index and mean germination time were analyzed. Result: Seed vigour of alfalfa was improved by priming with low selenium (Se) concentration (0.5 and 1.0 mmol L-1), but was inhibited by high Se concentration ( greater than 2.0 mmol L-1). Hence, it must be necessary to carefully select appropriate concentration and time for the application of Se priming in alfalfa seeds. The optimal manner of Se priming in alfalfa seeds might be at 1.0 mmol L-1 concentration for 9 h.

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Umedecimento do substrato na germinação de sementes de seis espécies ornamentais

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/rbho.v21i1.775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Kelli Pirola ◽

Marcelo Dotto ◽

Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽

Américo Wagner Junior ◽

Paulo César Conceição ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Physiology ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Water Volume ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Emergence Rate ◽

Water Volumes ◽

Ornamental Species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of six wetting levels of the substrate on the germination of Centaurea sp., Petunia sp., Convolvulus sp., Dhalia sp., Adonis sp. and Chrysanthemum sp. ornamental species. Two experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment, the experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial 6 x 6 (ornamental species x water volume), with four replications of 50 seeds. In the second experiment, the delineation differed by the absence of the use of Dhalia sp. Seeds. The first and second experiment had their substrates moistened uniformly with addition of distilled water at six different quantities, 0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mL per 100 g of Vermiculite® on the experiment 1 and 400 g of Mecplant® in experiment 2. The germination percentage and emergence rate index were evaluated after 14 and 21 days of sowing, in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. With the use of Vermiculite® it was recommended for Dhalia sp. and Chrysanthemum sp. all the water volumes tested; for Petunia sp. above 150 mL, for Convolvulus sp. 200 and 250 mL of water and for Centeaurea sp., 150 and 200 mL of water. The use of the substrate Mecplant® it was recommended for Chrysanthemum sp., Convolvulus sp., Centeaurea sp. and Petunia sp. In all of the volumes of water tested. For Adonis sp., regardless of the substrate used, other studies will be necessary, since that didn’t occurred germination, what can be related to some dormancy.

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Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate Priming on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Journal of Horticultural Sciences ◽

10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i02.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Maneesha S R ◽

Priya Devi S

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Seedling Characteristics

The effect of seed priming with calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2 and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on germination and seedling vigour were studied in papaya varieties. Open pollinated local (gauty) papaya seeds were soaked in Ca (NO3)2 and KNO3 solutions (10000 ppm, 15000 ppm and 20000 ppm) up to 24 hours and germination percentage and seedling characteristics were recorded. The least number of days taken for seed germination (4.33 days), the highest germination percentage (82.56 % ), the highest shoot length (14.31 cm) the highest fresh biomass (1.36 g) and dry biomass (0.174 g) were recorded in 10000 ppm Ca(NO3)2 treatment. Further, seeds of papaya varieties viz., Arka Surya, Arka Prabhat and Madhu bindhu were treated with 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm and 15000 ppm Ca (NO3)2 and observed that Arka Prabhat seeds treated with 10000 ppm Ca (NO3)2 hadtaken the least number of days for germination (4.75 days) and also the highest shoot length (25.2 cm). The results of the experiment proved the significant effect of calcium ions over potassium ions on papaya seed germination and seedling vigour.

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) germination indices and physiological properties affected by priming and genotype under salinity stress

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49312063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 12063

Author(s):

Ali SHOKOUHIAN ◽

Heshmat OMIDI

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Germination Indices

Seed priming has proved to be an effective method in imparting stress tolerance to plants using natural and/or synthetic compounds to treat the seeds before germination. The present study was designed to investigate the physiological mechanism of seed priming with ZnSO4 (osmopriming) and distilled water (hydropriming) on sugar beet genotypes (‘Shokofa’, ‘Sina’, ‘Paya’, ‘Turbata’, and ‘Aria’) germination indices, seedling growth parameters, and biochemical properties under salinity stress (0, 2, 5, and 12 dS/m NaCl). A significant reduction in germination percentage (33.23%), germination rate (77.2%), chlorophyll a, b, and total contents (43.9, 31.9, and 39.9%, respectively) while, a significant increase in radical, plumule, and seedling length (57.1, 44.4, and 51.2%, respectively), seedling vigour index (48.9%), superoxide dismutase activity (61.3%), proline (54.0%) and sugar (56.3%) contents were achieved at 12 dS/m NaCl in compared to the control treatment. Seed hydropriming and osmopriming caused significant improvements in photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content reflected in high germination percentage and rate as well as seedling vigour index and reduced mean germination time under salinity. ‘Paya’ and ‘Aria’ genotypes had a superiority according to the germination percentage and seedling vigour index, respectively. The hydropriming of ‘Paya’ genotype resulted in the highest germination percentage (95%) under high level of salinity (12 dS/m) which 11.84% increase compared to the control treatment. Hydropriming of ‘Sina’ seeds showed the highest chlorophyll a and total, and carotenoids under non-stress conditions (22.89, 31.65, and 2116.6 µg/g FW). Also, hydropriming by increases chlorophyll b content led to the modulation of the negative effects of high salinity stress (12 dS/m). In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in sugar beet seeds improved the salinity tolerance by physiological characteristics nonetheless hydropriming was the most effective treatment to get higher germination indices in ‘Paya’ and ‘Aria’ genotypes.

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Influence of Seed Priming with Nano Iron Oxide on Germination and Seedling Growth of Mungbean

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2330713 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

U. Triveni ◽

M. Martin Luther ◽

K. V. Ramanamurthy ◽

T. N. V. K. V. Prasad ◽

C. H. Mukundarao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Low Income ◽

Block Design ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

Seedling Vigour

Mungbean is one of the important grain legumes and considered as ‘Green Pearl’ due to its nutritional significance. It is an excellent source of proteins and micronutrients and readily accessible to low income groups in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia. However, poor nutritional status of the soils in these regions limits the productivity and grain nutritional properties of mungbean. Seed priming with nutrient solutions was identified as viable and cost effective alternative to increase the crop productivity and grain nutritional properties and hence, an in-vitro experiment was conducted for optimizing the concentration of nano iron oxide (FeO) for seed priming in mungbean at Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh during 2018. Different concentrations of nano iron oxide were tested in completely randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that, the nano iron oxide 50 ppm was found effective in increasing the germination percent, shoot length, root length, seedling vigour index and speed of germination of mungbean and has been considered as an optimum concentration for seed priming in mungbean.

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Effects of seed priming on biochemical parameters and seed germination in cowpea [vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0i0.7857 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

M. N. Arun ◽

K. Bhanuprakash ◽

S. Shankar Hebbar ◽

T. Senthivel

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Ammonium Molybdate ◽

Accelerated Ageing ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Cowpea Seeds ◽

A Minor

Cowpea seeds lose their vigour during storage at high temperature and high relative humidity. Present study was conducted to invigorate the performance of high and low vigour seeds (exposed to 45 ± 2o C and 100% RH) by seed priming with different chemicals and concentrations (GA3 (100ppm); CaCl2 (10-3M); Ammonium Molybdate (10-3M); KBr (10-3M); Mg (NO3)2 (10-3M); ZnSO4 (10-3M); hydro primed and dry seed (control) at 15o C for 24 hours. Priming was effective in reducing the time for 50 % germination and mean germination time and increased the germination percentage in low vigour seeds, while energy of germination and final germination percentage in normal seeds displayed a minor increase. Priming of normal / low – vigour seeds improved the vigour of seedling in terms of seedling length and their dry weight and seedling vigour index. Seed priming of fresh and accelerated cowpea seeds increased the electrical conductivity of seed leachate, cell membrane stability, total protein content, a – amylase activity, peroxidase activity and dehydrogenase activity over control dry seeds. Esterase and peroxidase enzymes were completely lost as a result of accelerated ageing, which showed reappearance after priming. Priming showed little improvement in the banding pattern and intensity of enzyme in normal seeds.

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GERMINATION OF CHIA SEEDS IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND WATER VOLUMES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n127rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 270-275

Author(s):

Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽

Salvador Barros Torres ◽

Jéssica Regiane de Oliveira Morais ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Moadir de Sousa Leite

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Water Volume ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Blotting Paper ◽

Paper Towel ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Water Volumes ◽

Mean Time

ABSTRACT Water availability and substrate type are essential factors in seed germination tests, influencing imbibition and seedling development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two substrates and different water volumes on the germination and vigor of chia seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, which consisted of two substrates, paper towel (Germitest®) and blotting paper, soaked with six water volumes equivalent to 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 times their dry weight, in four replicates of 50 seeds each. Germination percentage, mean time of germination, shoot length, radicle length, shoot dry matter, radicle dry matter, total dry matter (seedling), and root/shoot ratio were evaluated. Based on our results, germination tests for seeds of chia should be conducted using blotting paper (on paper) as substrate, with a water volume of 2.5 to 4.0 times its dry weight. Chia seedlings grown on blotting paper showed greater growth and dry matter accumulation compared to those grown on paper towel.

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Spray Volume, Canopy Density, and Other Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.553d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 553d-553

Author(s):

C.R. Unrath

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Tree Size ◽

Water Volume ◽

Canopy Density ◽

The North ◽

Run Off ◽

Tree Canopies ◽

Average Water ◽

Water Volumes

Historically, most airblast chemical applications to apple orchards used a single “average” water volume, resulting in variability of coverage with tree size and also the greatest variable in chemical thinning. This coverage variability can be eliminated by properly quantifying the tree canopy, as tree row volume (TRV), and relating that volume to airblast water rate for adequate coverge. Maximum typical tree height, cross-row limb spread, and between-row spacing are used to quantify the TRV. Further refinement is achieved by adjusting the water volume for tree canopy density. The North Carolina TRV model allows a density adjustment from 0.7 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for young, very open tree canopies to 1.0 gal/1000 ft3 of TRV for large, thick tree canopies to deliver a full dilute application for maximum water application (to the point of run-off). Most dilute pesticide applications use 70% of full dilute to approach the point of drip (pesticide dilute) to not waste chemicals and reduce non-target environmental exposure. From the “chemical load” (i.e., lb/acre) calculated for the pesticide dilute application, the proper chemical load for lower (concentrate) water volumes can be accurately determined. Another significant source of variability is thinner application response is spray distribution to various areas of the tree. This variability is related to tree configuration, light, levels, fruit set, and natural thinning vs. the need for chemical thinning. Required water delivery patterns are a function of tree size, form, spacing, and density, as well as sprayer design (no. of nozzles and fan size). The TRV model, density adjustments, and nozzle patterns to effectively hit the target for uniform crop load will be addressed.

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Using seed respiration as a tool for calculating optimal soaking times for ‘on-farm’ seed priming of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258521000039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Javier Carrillo-Reche ◽

Adrian C. Newton ◽

Richard S. Quilliam

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Embryonic Axes ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Soaking Time ◽

On Farm ◽

Seed Respiration

Abstract A low-cost technique named ‘on-farm’ seed priming is increasingly being recognized as an effective approach to maximize crop establishment. It consists of anaerobically soaking seeds in water before sowing resulting in rapid and uniform germination, and enhanced seedling vigour. The extent of these benefits depends on the soaking time. The current determination of optimal soaking time by germination assays and mini-plot trials is resource-intensive, as it is species/genotype-specific. This study aimed to determine the potential of the seed respiration rate (an indicator of metabolic activity) and seed morphological changes during barley priming as predictors of the priming benefits and, thus, facilitate the determination of optimal soaking times. A series of germination tests revealed that the germination rate is mostly attributable to the rapid hydration of embryo tissues, as the highest gains in the germination rate occurred before the resumption of respiration. Germination uniformity, however, was not significantly improved until seeds were primed for at least 8 h, that is, after a first respiration burst was initiated. The maximum seedling vigour was attained when the priming was stopped just before the beginning of the differentiation of embryonic axes (20 h) after which vigour began to decrease (‘over-priming’). The onset of embryonic axis elongation was preceded by a second respiration burst, which can be used as a marker for priming optimization. Thus, monitoring of seed respiration provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to the current practice. The method could be carried out by agricultural institutions to provide recommended optimal soaking times for the common barley varieties within a specific region.

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