scholarly journals Effect of Internet Addiction on Depression among Pakistani Population amidst the COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir ◽  
Meher Angez ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Ayesha Nasir Hameed ◽  
Malik Muhammad Hamza Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: Internet addiction has proved to have detrimental effects on the mental health wellbeing of people. During COVID19, these effects are amplified significantly; therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of internet addiction (IA) on the presence of depression among the Pakistani population amidst COVID 19. MethodsA cross-sectional design was employed using an anonymous web-based survey link. This link was disseminated via different social media platforms. The "Young's Internet Addiction Test" (IAT) and "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21" (DASS-21) screening tools were used to measure Internet addiction (IA) and level of depression respectively. Adjusted odds ratios along with 95% confidence interval were reported using multinomial logistic regression for the association of IA and other predictors associated with depression. Results A total of 1145 individuals has completed this survey. Overall, the prevalence of severe and extremely severe depression was found to be 9.7% and 16.4% amidst the Pakistani population during the Covid-19 outbreak. The odds of extreme depression were 15 times more among (AIU) addicted internet users (95% CI: 8.26-28.8) and 7 times more among (PIU) problematic internet users (95% CI: 4.57-12.05) as compared to (NIU) normal internet users. ConclusionIn the aftermath of COVID 19, depression was found to be significantly related to internet addiction. This study determined that addicted and problematic internet users are more prone to suffer from depression.

scholarly journals Internet addiction and related psychosocial factors among Pakistani population during Covid19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir ◽  
Ayesha Nasir Hameed ◽  
Fauzia Basaria Hasnani ◽  
Meher Angez ◽  
Muhammad Talha Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Internet Users

Abstract Background Internet addiction has surfaced as a significant concern to public health in these unprecedented Covid19 times due to social distancing and lockdown. This study aims to determine the burden of internet addiction and related psychosocial factors among the Pakistani population amidst COVID-19 Methods An analytical cross-sectional survey was broadcasted on internet via google form link which was completed by 1145 Pakistani residents. The outcome variable was Internet addiction and was assessed using the "Young's Internet Addiction Test" (IAT). In addition, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated using the "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21" (DASS-21). The multinomial logistic regression was applied, and adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence intervals were reported for significant factors associated with Internet addiction. Results The majority of participants were females and youth (between ages 20–24 years). The prevalence of problematic-internet-users (PIU) and addictive-internet-users (AIU) was 27.3% and 11.3%, respectively. The odds of extremely severe anxiety among AIU were approximately three times (Adj OR: 2.6 (1.1–7.1) followed by the odds of having extremely severe depression was 3.14 (95% C.I.: 1.53–6.44) times greater among PIUand odds of extremely severe stress being about five times higher among AIU (Adj OR: 5.42 (1.66–17.68)) as compared to normal-internet-user (NIU). Conclusion Amid Covid 19, the burden of internet addiction was discovered to have surged among the Pakistani populace. This study found that gender, marital status, depression, stress, anxiety, work situation, and mood changes amidst the pandemic are significantly associated with problematic and addictive internet use.

scholarly journals Depression among Indian Internet Addict Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Ashish Verma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
School Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
One Year ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Introduction: The revolution in technology has changed the entire environment. In this digital environment Internet is the basic action. Apart from the numerous advantages, Internet Addiction (IA) is emerging as a public health issue. The adolescents are at higher risk as their mental acumen is immature. At one point Internet addicts feel depressed. Adolescents with depression are at risk for increased recurrence of depression. Aims of the study is to find the prevalence of IA and to explore the relationship between IA and depression among Indian Adolescents. Research Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 450 adolescent students aged between 10-18 yrs of urban schools of Lucknow in the period of one year. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was applied to find the Internet addiction and PHQ9-A (PHQ9 modified for adolescents) was used to find the depresion. Result: In 351 Internet users 33.61% (118) were not addicted, while 66.38% (233) students fall in catogry of addiction. Among Internet addicts, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was found in 56.22% (131), 16.73% (39), 14.16% (33) and 4.29% (10), respectively. Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of diseases worldwide and is ranked as the second leading cause of disability. Our study clearly shows an indirect correlation between IA and depression. Thus, this is the high time to educate the students at school level regarding the optimal use of Internet through talks, handbills or booklet which shall also guard the incidence of depression among adolescents.

scholarly journals Attitudes toward the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Results from the Saudi Residents’ Intention to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 (SRIGVAC) Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Sami H. Alzahrani ◽  
Mukhtiar Baig ◽  
Mohammed W. Alrabia ◽  
Mohammed R. Algethami ◽  
Meshari M. Alhamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Web Based

Vaccine uptake could influence vaccination efforts to control the widespread COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to assess the Saudi public’s intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and explore the associated demographic determinants of their intentions as well as the reasons for vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was distributed to public individuals in Saudi Arabia between 25 December 2020 and 15 February 2021. Participants were asked if they were willing to get vaccinated, and the responses, along with demographic data were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model to assess the relative risk ratio (RRR) for responding “no” or “unsure” versus “yes”. Among 3048 participants (60.1% female, 89.5% Saudi), 52.9% intend to get vaccinated, 26.8% were unsure, and 20.3% refused vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly higher among females (RRR = 2.70, p < 0.0001) and those who had not been recently vaccinated for influenza (RRR = 2.63, p < 0.0001). The likelihood was lower among Saudis (RRR = 0.49, p < 0.0001), those with less than a secondary education (RRR = 0.16, p < 0.0001), perceived risks of COVID-19, and residents of the southern region (RRR = 0.46, p < 0.0001). The most often cited reasons for hesitancy were short clinical testing periods and concerns about adverse events or effectiveness. Vaccine hesitancy is mediated by many demographic factors and personal beliefs. To address vaccine-related concerns and amend deeply rooted health beliefs, communication should provide transparent information.

scholarly journals Differential relationships of stress and HIV disclosure by gender: a person centered longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengbo Zeng ◽  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Xueying Yang ◽  
Zhiyong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Existing literature mostly consider HIV disclosure as a static event and investigate its relationship with stress using a cross-sectional design. It is unclear about the dynamic changes of HIV disclosure levels (defined as the number of disclosure targets) and how stress may influence these changes. This study explored different disclosure levels using a person-centered longitudinal approach, examined whether stress could predict these disclosure levels, and investigated if this relationship differed by gender among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods Data were derived from a prospective cohort study conducted from November 2016 to January 2018 in Guangxi, China. Four hundred forty-four PLWH were included. Participants were assessed on perceived stress, sociodemographic characteristics, and number of HIV disclosure targets at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Growth mixture modeling was used to characterize disclosure levels based on the changes of disclosure target number. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict disclosure levels with baseline stress after adjusting for covariates. The interaction effect of stress by gender was examined. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval were reported to show the strength of association.  Results Three levels of disclosure were characterized as “Low levels of disclosure” (Level One), “Increased levels of disclosure” (Level Two), and “High levels of disclosure” (Level Three). Accordingly, 355 (81.2%), 28 (6.4%), and 64 (12.4%) of PLWH were categorized respectively under low, increased, and high levels of disclosure. The interaction of baseline stress by gender was significant in differentiating Level One from Three (AOR = 0.85 [0.74 ~ 0.99]) while it was not significant between Level One and Two (AOR = 0.96 [0.81 ~ 1.15]). Compared to female, male PLWH with higher baseline stress had lower probability to have consistent high disclosure levels over time. PLWH who were married/cohabited had lower probability of being classified into consistent high levels of disclosure than low level (AOR = 0.43 [0.19 ~ 0.94]). Conclusions There was gender difference in the relationship between stress and levels of HIV disclosure. To promote HIV disclosure, gender tailored interventions should be employed to help PLWH cope with stress.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Level of Depression and Risk of Suicide in Elderly at Purwodadi, Grobogan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Rilla Fiftina Hadi ◽  
Titis Hadiati ◽  
Natalia Dewi Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: According to WHO, the elderly people have physical and mental challenges, including depression. The incidence of depression lead to suicide on elderly is about 12.7%. In Grobogan Regency, Purwodadi, Central Java, there has been an increase of depression in the last 5 years. Purwodadi Subdistrict depends on the number of orders with the highest number of traffic cases and the elderly.Objective: To determine the correlation between depression level and the risk of suicide.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design in which all respondents were observed and variables were measured at one time. Samples were taken from elderly outpatient of primary health care and Posyandu lansia at Purwodadi, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Research samples were selected based on nonprobability sampling method through purposive sampling. This research used the Indonesian version of the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and CSSRS (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of elderly depression is 63.3%, and a significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide (p <0.05)Conclusion: significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide

scholarly journals La depresión: una realidad masculina

Enfoques ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nubia Álvarez Vargas ◽  
Ángela Paola Ochoa Gaitán
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

 Currently Depression is a serious mental health problem, which significantly affects the individuals; thus requires an appropriate psychological management. Numerous studies have been conducted around this problem which repeatedly shows the presence of depression in women more than in men. However, considering that in the male population has increased the risk of the disease, especially if you consider that has not produced a specific etiology of depression in the male population; making it difficult for mental health professionals make diagnoses and treatments. Thus, the present study aims to determine the existence of depression in male employees of an institution of higher education. The research corresponds to a non-experimental cross-sectional design, quantitative and descriptive approach. The non-random sample of intentional or convenience way consisted of 45 men. The instrument of data collection is known as CDH (Questionnaire depression for men) through which to assess depressive symptoms in adolescent and adult men. Partial results helped identify 44% no depression, 40% mild depression, 11% with moderate depression and 5% severe depression. The discussion and analysis of the results will be finalized on completion of the implementation phase. 

Symptom Responses to a Continuum of Sexual Trauma

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie M. Carretta ◽  
Ann W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc

This study reports the findings of an anonymous web-based survey to test differences in symptom presentation (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among women who experienced different types of sexual trauma (forcible, pressured, sex stress). The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with an online convenience sample of 243 adult females living primarily in the United States. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among type of sexual trauma groups for depression (p = .013) and PTSD (p = .044) but not for anxiety (p = .183). Post hoc analysis of the overall difference in depression revealed that the multiple rape type group (p = .010) and the forcible sex group (p = .016) had higher levels of depression.

Sociodemographic Factors’ Influence on the Consumption and Assessment of COVID-19 Related Information–An International Web-Based Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2 (40)) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Sigrid STJERNSWÄRD ◽  
Anna-Karin IVERT ◽  
Stinne GLASDAM
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Reliability Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior

Information flows can affect people’s apprehension of the pan- demic and related behaviors. The aim is to explore how people access and assess COVID-19 information and whether sociodemographic factors are associated with these processes. Quantitative data from 928 persons from 29 countries who participated in an international web-based survey was ana- lyzed with descriptive and analytic statistics. Television, newspapers and social media were common sources to search for certain types of COVID-19 information. Age, educational level, employment status and sex were as- sociated with differences in terms of reported sources, types, and reliability assessments of retrieved information. Sex and education levels were associ- ated with differences pertaining to main sources and kinds of information searched. Younger respondents reported more frequent uses of social media than older respondents. Older respondents assessed information from tra- ditional media as more reliable information from social media. The current results show trends about where and how information is accessed and assessed during the pandemic. Some associations with sociodemographic factors were found, but the study’s cross-sectional design prevents causal inferences. Further research on consumption patterns of COVID-19 infor- mation and its effects on consumers is motivated, as this may in turn affect people’s attitudes and behavior relating to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Skrinning Dan Uji Diagnostik Obesitas Dengan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Dan Meteran Inci Inelastis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Roselya Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Arum Puspitaning Ati
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Backgound: Measurement of body fat percentage as estimates of obesity, which can be done with the method of measuring the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the meter inches inelastic. Both of these methods can be used as a simple, safe and non-nvasive. Objective: To analyze the comparative measurement of obesity with the BIA and the meter inches inelastic. Method: The study was observational analytic with cross sectional design. Sample were taken and selected through simple ramdomize sampling method. Data obtained directly by measuring samples that met the inclusion criteria. Obesity screening data obtained by measuring the percentage of body fat using BIA method and meter inches inelastic. Results: Based on the calculationn, as many as 65 samples taken by proportional random sampling in each specialization the student of the Faculty of Public Health 2014 Airlangga University. The percentage of female students with obesity using the BIA was 29,2% and inelastic inch meter is 21,5%. The statistical test showed t test was 0,897 ( sig>0,05). Conclusion: There are differences in the measurement result mean obesity BIA metered inches inelastic screening tools and have a good validity in measuring obesity. Suggestion : For further research it is recommended to be more accurate in measuring using an inelastic inch meter, while when using BIA  it  should use altimeter measurement because it is needed for data input. 

scholarly journals Internet Addiction among Undergraduate Students: Evidence from a Malaysian Public University

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosliza A.M. ◽  
Ragubathi M.N. ◽  
Mohamad Yusoff M.K.A ◽  
Shaharuddin M.S.
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Public University ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Internet Users

Introduction: Internet addiction is an increasingly worrying phenomena affecting people globally especially the youths. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of internet addiction among undergraduate students in a Malaysian public university and its associated factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 322 undergraduate students, identified through cluster sampling was conducted using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire includes socio-demography, use of information technology gadgets and internet usage. Internet Addiction test (IAT) was used to identify internet addiction. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: From 322 respondents, 25 (7.8%) were categorised as addictive internet users, while 182 (56.5%) were problematic internet users. The commonest online activity includes social networking (86.6%), entertainment (77.3%) and educational purposes (77.0%). From multivariate analysis, problematic and addictive internet use was significantly more common among male students (AOR=2.47, 95% CI [1.43, 4.26]), those who received study loan (AOR=1.93, 95% CI [1.10, 3.39]) and other types of funding (AOR=3.95, 95% CI [1.59, 9.80]) compared to those on scholarships, and those who spent between four to ten hours a day accessing the Internet (AOR=2.43, 95% CI [1.13, 5.23]) compared to those using the Internet for two hours or less a day. Conclusion: The prevalence of problematic and addictive internet use among respondents were higher compared to previous researches among Malaysian adolescents. It is recommended that an awareness programme on responsible use of the internet be conducted to prevent students from becoming addicted which may impact negatively on their educational performance and social life.

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