scholarly journals The Different Classification of Hospitals Impact on the Equity of Medical Outcomes of Patients in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lele Li ◽  
Tiantian Du ◽  
siyu zeng
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Medical Outcome ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: In the context of Healthy China Strategy, the traditional idea that large hospitals provide better medical care is still deeply rooted in people's minds. The characteristics of the medical inverted pyramid structure—higher-level medical institutions are overwhelmed, while lower-level medical institutions are deserted—have existed for a long time. Because of the unreasonable allocation of resources, it is difficult to meet the healthcare needs of citizens and to establish a tiered delivery system. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of different classification of hospitals (COH) on the equity of Medical Outcomes of patients.Methods: The data used was from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) enrolment records of Chengdu. We conducted a retrospective study and used Nested Multinomial Logit Model (NMNL) to estimate the effect of COH on the equity of Medical Outcomes.Results: COH had a significant effect on the equity of Medical Outcomes, but the effectiveness and direction of the hospital level on different outcomes were not consistent. The reimbursement rate, medical expenditures, gender, age, disease type and others factors were associated with the effect(p<0.01); length of stay has a limited effect on health outcomes. It was not the case that the longer the hospital stay was, the higher the quality of care would be. When COH was distinguished, there were significant differences in the effect of different levels of hospitals on the equity of Medical Outcomes. Horizontally speaking, hospitals of the same level had different effects on different the equity of Medical Outcomes(p<0.01). From a longitudinal perspective, different levels of hospitals had different effects on the equity of Medical Outcomes(p<0.01). It was not the case that the higher the level of hospital, the better the medical outcome. When hospital levels and disease types were distinguished, the effect of hospitals of different levels on the medical outcome of different disease types was significantly different.Conclusions: COH made a difference in the equity of Medical Outcomes. Hospitals of different levels should be reasonably selected according to disease types to achieve the optimal medical outcome. Therefore, China should promote the construction of a tiered delivery system.

Medications and bruises: past, present, and future

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Urakov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Injuries And Wounds ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Skin Discoloration ◽  
Water Hydrogen

The literature review shows that modern standards of treatment of diseases, as well as forms of statistical reporting of medical institutions do not include bruising as an independent disease and/or complication of drug therapy. Ancient and modern textbooks and reference books on drugs do not contain indications of the presence of drugs that cause bruising and/or vice versa, discoloring the skin in the area of bruises. Official medicine does not offer medications for urgent skin discoloration in the area of bruises. However, bruises have been known for a long time, and people have been fighting them for a long time, but without much success. It is shown that bruises are blood-stained areas of the skin that often occur when hitting hard objects in everyday life, injuries and wounds, as well as when injecting drugs and using drugs that thin the blood. Usually bruises disappear on their own after 5 to 8 days. The true bruising is most likely to occur when bites of snakes such as Gyurza and Viper, when injecting drugs such as heparin and its substitutes, as well as when injecting donor blood and when through-piercing veins with injection needles. Throughout the history of mankind, these facts have not been used sufficiently to analyze the causes of bruising, the possibilities of their diagnosis, prevention and elimination. This was done at the beginning of the 21st century in Russia. At the same time, the biological and clinical essence of the bruises was revealed. This scientific discovery made it possible to explain the absence of bruises in the list of diseases, offer a clinical classification of bruises, and discover drugs that can immediately discolor the skin in the area of bruises. This group of drugs has received names such as bruising bleachers, oxygen-alkaline bleachers, oxygen-alkaline bleach cleaners, blood bleachers and bleaching agents over the years. Their main ingredients are water, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydrocarbonate.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

Versatile Use of Nanosponge in the Pharmaceutical Arena: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Shubham Shrestha ◽  
Sankha Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Drug delivery for a long time has been a major problem in the pharmaceutical field. The development of a new Nano-carrier system called nanosponge has shown the potential to solve the problem. Nanosponge has a porous structure and can entrap the drug in it. It can carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They also provide controlled release of the drugs and can also protect various substances from degradation. Nanosponge can increase the solubility of drugs and can also be formulated into an oral, topical and parenteral dosage form. The current review explores different preparation techniques, characterization parameters, as well as various applications of nanosponge. Various patents related to nanosponge drug delivery system have been discussed in this study.

Research on cargo-loading optimization based on genetic and fuzzy integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 8493-8500
Author(s):  
Yanwei Du ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiaoyi Fan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Henggang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Loading Scheme

With the increase of the number of loaded goods, the number of optional loading schemes will increase exponentially. It is a long time and low efficiency to determine the loading scheme with experience. Genetic algorithm is a search heuristic algorithm used to solve optimization in the field of computer science artificial intelligence. Genetic algorithm can effectively select the optimal loading scheme but unable to utilize weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, we propose hybrid Genetic and fuzzy logic based cargo-loading decision making model that focus on achieving maximum profit with maximum utilization of weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, first of all, the components of the problem of goods stowage in the distribution center are analyzed systematically, which lays the foundation for the reasonable classification of the problem of goods stowage and the establishment of the mathematical model of the problem of goods stowage. Secondly, the paper abstracts and defines the problem of goods loading in distribution center, establishes the mathematical model for the optimization of single car three-dimensional goods loading, and designs the genetic algorithm for solving the model. Finally, Matlab is used to solve the optimization model of cargo loading, and the good performance of the algorithm is verified by an example. From the performance evaluation analysis, proposed the hybrid system achieve better outcomes than the standard SA model, GA method, and TS strategy.

scholarly journals How immunologic and genetic biomarkers impact Hodgkin lymphoma classification, diagnosis, and management: a huge potential that yet needs to be exploited

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Carbone ◽  
Annunziata Gloghini
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Molecular Virology ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Epstein Barr

“Ne è passata di acqua sotto i ponti.” It has been a long time since the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was exclusively based on the detection of typical Reed-Sternberg cells and the recognition of the characteristic morpho-histological background, as well as on the pathologist’s skill. The discovery of immunologic, molecular genetic and virologic biomarkers has provided an objective contribution to the diagnosis and a scientific basis for a modern classification of HL. Recent updates have clarified the nature of the so-called nodular lymphocyte predominant HL and its link to the T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas as well as its relationship with the lymphocyte-rich subset of classical HL (CHL). Molecular virology studies assessed a role for the Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of a fraction of CHL of the general population, and virtually in all cases of CHL occurring in people infected by HIV. Finally, immunologic and genetic findings corroborated the existence of grey zone lymphomas at the edges of CHL. Overall, these advances provided additional and useful information to address the treatment of patients affected by HL.

A chemical–mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Debon ◽  
P. Le Fort
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTA classification is proposed, based mainly on major element analytical data plotted in a coherent set of three simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The procedure follows two complementary steps at two different levels. The first is concerned with the individual sample: the sample is given a name (e.g. granite, adamellite, granodiorite) and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second one is more important: it aims at defining the type of magmatic association (or series) to which the studied sample or group of samples belongs. Three main types of association are distinguished: cafemic (from source-material mainly or completely mantle-derived), aluminous (mainly or completely derived by anatexis of continental crust), and alumino-cafemic (intermediate between the other two types). Subtypes are then distinguished among the cafemic and alumino-cafemic associations: calc-alkaline (or granodioritic), subalkaline (or monzonitic), alkaline (and peralkaline), tholeiitic (or gabbroic-trondhjemitic), etc. In the same way, numerous subtypes and variants are also distinguished among the aluminous associations using a set of complementary criteria such as quartz content, colour index, alkali ratio, quartz–alkalies relationships and alumina index.Although involving a new approach using partly new criteria, this classification is consistent with most of the divisions used in previous typologies. The method may also be used in the classification of the volcanic equivalents of common plutonic rocks.

scholarly journals DECISION TREE C4.5 ALGORITHM FOR TUITION AID GRANT PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION (CASE STUDY: DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM, UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Sulistiani ◽  
Ahmad Ari Aldino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
C4.5 Algorithm ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tuition Fee

In pandemic era, almost everyone struggles for their life. College students are such example. They have difficulty in paying tuition fee to continue their study. Based on this problematic situation, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia grants the students who have good academic performance with tuition fee aid program. Many variables used for determining the grant made it hard to make a decision in a short time or even takes very long time. To make it easier for management to decide who is the right student to get grant, it needs classification model. The purpose of this study is the classification of grant recipients by using decision tree C4.5 algorithm. That can determine whether a potential student can be accepted as an awardee or not. Then, the results of the classification are validated with ten-fold cross validation with an accuracy, precision and recall with the score of 87 % for all part. It means the model perform quite well to be implemented into system.

scholarly journals Problems of formalization of the mentoring institute in healthcare and ways of solving them

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Burdastova
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Mentoring System

Introduction. This study focuses on the formalization of the institution of mentoring in health care. The mentoring system in Russia has existed for a long time. Still, there is a particular interest in this topic since the requirements for the quality of medical care are changing, new challenges arise in the healthcare sector, and reducing staff turnover and retaining highly qualified specialists in the workplace arises. Targets and goals. The aim of the study is to clarify the need for institutional consolidation of the institution of mentoring. The tasks of the work included identifying factors motivating or demotivating medical workers to participate in the mentoring system, as well as the search for problems of formalizing the institution of mentoring. Material and methods. The author conducted a sociological study in Moscow: a mass questionnaire survey among doctors and nurses in 6 medical institutions subordinated to the Department of Health of the city of Moscow and a series of in-depth structured interviews with representatives of medical organizations in charge of mentoring in their organizations (17). Analysis of quantitative data was carried out using the construction of classification trees using the CHAID method. Results. The main issue that experts propose to spell out when formalizing mentoring is the skills and abilities. Employee willingness to become mentors varies. The study found that physicians over the age of 27 are most likely to become mentors convinced of the need to introduce and expand mentoring in the workplace. Young doctors under the age of 27 are less likely to take on the mentoring function due to a lack of confidence in their qualifications, as well as older colleagues who are dissatisfied with the working conditions in the workplace and do not consider it necessary to introduce or expand a mentoring system in their organization. Conclusion. The study showed that experts have a positive attitude to formalizing the institute of mentoring, noting that there should be a single document of a recommendatory nature.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Genealogical Groups of Arabica Coffee by the Chemical Composition of the Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Larissa O. Fassio ◽  
Marcelo R. Malta ◽  
Gladyston R. Carvalho ◽  
Antônio A. Pereira ◽  
Ackson D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Important Marker

This work aimed to characterize and discriminate genealogical groups of coffee as to the chemical composition of the grains through the model created by PLS-DA method. 22 accessions of Coffea arabica, from the Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, were divided into groups according to the genealogical origin. Samples of ripe fruits were harvested selectively and processed by the wet method, to obtain pulped coffee beans, with 11% (b.u.) of water content. The raw beans were assessed as to the content of polyphenols, total sugars, total lipids, protein, caffeine, sucrose, and fatty acids. The data were submitted the chemometric analysis, PCA and PLS-DA. The results of PLS-DA identified the variables which most influence the classification of genealogical groups and possible chemical markers to accessions processed by the pulped method. The sucrose content was an important marker for the Exotic accession group. However, the content of polyphenols has been identified as a marker for the group Tymor Hybrid, and the caffeine for the bourbon group. The different fatty acids have been identified as markers for all genealogical groups, at different levels. The model PLS-DA is effective in discriminating genealogical groups from the chemical composition of the beans.

scholarly journals Application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for clustering financial tweets

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Sifi Fatima-Zahrae ◽  
Sabbar Wafae ◽  
El Mzabi Amal
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Preprocessing Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
The Given ◽  
Dirichlet Allocation

Sentiment classification is one of the hottest research areas among the Natural Language Processing (NLP) topics. While it aims to detect sentiment polarity and classification of the given opinion, requires a large number of aspect extractions. However, extracting aspect takes human effort and long time. To reduce this, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method have come out recently to deal with this issue.In this paper, an efficient preprocessing method for sentiment classification is presented and will be used for analyzing user’s comments on Twitter social network. For this purpose, different text preprocessing techniques have been used on the dataset to achieve an acceptable standard text. Latent Dirichlet Allocation has been applied on the obtained data after this fast and accurate preprocessing phase. The implementation of different sentiment analysis methods and the results of these implementations have been compared and evaluated. The experimental results show that the combined uses of the preprocessing method of this paper and Latent Dirichlet Allocation have an acceptable results compared to other basic methods.

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