Clinical Observation of Retinal Vessel Density In Type 2 Diabetic Patients With High Mopyopia

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Retinal Vessel Density ◽

Abstract Purpose: To quantitatively analyze the difference of superficial and deep retinal vessel density between diabetic patients with high myopia , diabetic patients without high myopia and normal subjects.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited type 2 diabetic patients with no history of ocular treatment in Shijiazhuang, China.Thirty type 2 diabetic patients with high myopia (30 eyes) were included in group A, 30 type 2 diabetic patients (30 eyes) without myopia were included in group B. Another 30 sex-,age-matched healthy volunteers (30 eyes)were included in group C. The superficial and deep retinal vessel density were measured and compared among the three groups to determine the effects of high myopia on diabetes.Results: No statistically significant differences in central superficial retinal vessel density(CSVD) was found in three groups（P＞0. 05).There were significant differences in the temporal superficial retinal vessel density（TSVD）,superior superficial retinal vessel density(SSVD), nasal superficial retinal vessel density(NSVD),inferior superficial retinal vessel density(ISVD) between the three groups, respectively (P＜0.05).TSVD,SSVD,NSVD,ISVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and group C(P ＜0.05).ISVD in group B was lower than that in group C and no statistically significant differences in TSVD,SSVD,NSVD were found between groups B and C(P＞0.05). There were significant differences in central deep retinal vessel density(CDVD),temporal deep retinal vessel density(TDVD),superior deep retinal vessel density(SDVD), nasal deep retinal vessel density(NDVD),inferior deep retinal vessel density(IDVD) between the three groups, respectively (P＜0.05).CDVD in group A was higher than that in group B , but there was no significant difference between group A and group C.TDVD,SDVD,NDVD,IDVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and C(P ＜0.05),and those in group B were lower than those in group C(P ＜0.05).Conclusion: Myopia and diabetes are important factors affecting vessel density. The parafoveal superficial and deep vessel density of type 2 diabetic patients with high myopia were lower than those of diabetics and normal persons. However,there was no difference in macular fovea superficial and deep retinal vessel density between diabetic patients with high myopia and normal persons.Myopia did not show a protective effect on retinal vessel density reduction in diabetic patients.

Non-Diabetic Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v10i2.53531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Jubaida Khanam Chowdhury ◽

AKM Rashed Ul Hasan ◽

Rajee Mahmud Talukder ◽

Md Nizamuddin Chowdhury ◽

Md Nazrul Islam

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Renal Disease ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Background: In diabetic patients a good proportion of nephropathy is due to nephropathy other than diabetic renal disease. The detection of superimposed primary nondiabetic renal disease in diabetic patients has an obvious prognostic and therapeutic importance. Objectives: To find out the proportion of diabetic subjects suffering from nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) and to describe histological varieties in appropriate group. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional study was done in Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from August 2015 to October 2016. Total 37 type 2 diabetic patients were selected. Renal biopsy was done and four cases were excluded due to inadequate sample. Tissue was sent for histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) examination. On the basis of histological diagnosis of biopsy reports patients were divided into three groups. Group I: Isolated NDRD, Group II: NDRD superimposed on diabetic nephropathy (mixed lesion) and Group III: Isolated diabetic nephropathy (DN). Each patient was evaluated for retinopathy from Ophthalmology department. Based on the presence or absence of retinopathy 33 patients were again divided into two groups. Group A includes patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and Group B includes patients without diabetic retinopathy. Results: NDRD was found in 57.6% cases, NDRD plus diabetic nephropathy (DN) in 21.2% and isolated DN in 21.2% cases. In Group A (patients with DR) NDRD, DN and mixed lesion were present in 7 (41.2%), 5 (29.4%) and 5 (29.4%) cases. In Group B (patients without DR) NDRD, DN and mixed lesion were present in 12 (75%), 2 (12.5%) and 2 (12.5%) cases respectively. p value (0.189) was not significant. Conclusion: Kidney disease other than diabetic nephropathy can occur in type 2 diabetic patients. In this study NDRD was found in high frequency. Lack of retinopathy is a poor predictor of nondiabetic kidney disease. Therefore, renal biopsy should be recommended in type 2 diabetic patients with risk factors of NDRD for accurate diagnosis, prompt initiation of disease-specific treatment and ultimately better renal outcome. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(2): 73-78

HUBUNGAN KADAR FIBRINOGEN PLASMA DAN MIKROALBUMINURIA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v14i1.918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Rikarni . ◽

Lillah . ◽

Yoesri .

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Increase of fibrinogen concentration in type 2 diabetic patients is an indicator for vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction. Hyperfibrinogenemia is a strong marker and independently for atherosclerosis. Beside that, hyperfibrino -genemia can precede macroand microvascular complication. In type 2 diabetic, microalbuminuria is early marker for diabetic nephropathy and show that there isendothelial dysfunction. Microalbuminuria not only useful to predict renal damage, but also useful to predict cardiovascular damage.Microalbuminuria is a marker for endothelial dysfunction. To know the correlation between increase of fibrinogen concentration andmicroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. The study was performed in Dr. M. Djamil central Hospital by using cross sectionalmethod and consecutive random sampling. Sample were type 2 diabetic patients included criteria were measured albumin/ creatinineratio and the patients was divided in 2 group, that is group A (normoalbuminuria) and group B (microalbuminuria) with totalsample were 90 patients. Each group were performed measurement of albumin/ creatinine ratio, random glucose concentration, andfibrinogen concentration in plasma. In group A, we found the average of albumin/ creatinine ratio is 6.6 μg/mg and in group B is107.5 μg/mg. The average of random glucose concentration in group A is 181.3 mg/dl, and in group B is 204 mg/dl and the difference of concentration is not significantly (p > 0.05). The average of fibrinogen concentration in group A is 383.5 ± 104.6 mg/dl, and in group B is 467 ± 79 mg/dl. Increasing fibrinogen concentration in group B is higher than group A and the increasing is significantlystatistical difference (p <0.05). In this study we also founded the positive correlation between concentration of fibrinogen plasma andalbuminuria ( r = 0.036, p =0.0004). In type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria has been increased fibrinogen concentration,and the increasing of fibrinogen concentration in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria is higher than type 2 diabetic patientswith normoalbuminuria. There are positive correlation between fibrinogen plasma concentration and albumin/creatinine ratio

Evaluation of the Vasoprotective Effects of Metformin versus Glibenclamide in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6409-6412

Author(s):

Zainab H. Fathi ◽

Jehan A. Mohammad ◽

Marwah H. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Metformin Monotherapy ◽

Group A ◽

Glucose Lowering Effect ◽

Group B ◽

Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs ◽

Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that may influence endothelial function by regulating serum nitric oxide (NO) levels. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of two oral hypoglycemic drugs, Metformin and Glibenclamide (GLC), on circulating APN and NO levels and to find a correlation between APN and NO levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Fifty males and females previously diagnosed with T2DM were conducted in this trial and classified into groups: Group A involved 18 untreated patients with T2DM, group B involved 16 patients receiving Metformin monotherapy (1000 mg/day) for up to 1 year and group C involved 16 patients receiving GLC (5 mg/day) for up to 1 year. Circulating APN and NO were measured. Compared to GLC, Metformin therapy showed a significant increase in APN and NO levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Our findings established that Metformin has a protective effect on endothelial function, including increased APN and NO bioavailability, beyond its glucose-lowering effect.

Correlation of Serum Magnesium Level and Blood Glucose status among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research ◽

10.3329/jcamr.v8i2.57431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

KAM Mahbub Hasan ◽

Asraful Hoque ◽

Naheed Fatema ◽

Mohammed Rashed Anwar ◽

AKM Mohiuddin Bhuiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Sugar ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Magnesium Level ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Serum Magnesium Level ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Background: Serum magnesium level is an important electrolytes for the maintenance of haemodynamic of the body. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to correlate the serum magnesium level and blood sugar status. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2012 to December 2012. All the type 2 diabetic patients admitted in the Department of Medicine in-patient department of ShSMCH who were 18 years and above age with both sexes were included as study population and were designated as group A and non-diabetic patients were included as group B. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast for the measurement of fasting blood sugar and serum magnesium. Result: In this present study a total number of 60 patients were enrolled for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of which 30 patients were in group A and the rest 30 patients were in group B. The correlation coefficient of FBS and HbA1C with Serum Magnesium level was recorded. The FBS and serum magnesium was negatively correlated to each other significantly which was -0.534. The HbA1C and serum magnesium was negatively correlated to each other significantly which was -0.556. Conclusion: In conclusion the blood sugar level is inversely correlate with the serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, July 2021;8(2):106-109

A study in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in recently detected cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus as evidenced by altered creatinine clearance, urinary albumin and serum creatinine, with special emphasis on hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20180999 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 351 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vitan Patel ◽

Minal Shastri ◽

Nisha Gaur ◽

Prutha Jinwala ◽

Abhishek Y. Kadam

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Urinary Albumin ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the commonest and most dreaded complications of Diabetes. The Aim was to evaluate the significance of microalbuminuria and creatinine clearance for detecting incipient diabetic nephropathy, and to find out the prevalence of nephropathy among freshly detected Type 2 diabetic patients with vs. those without hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and/or obesity.Methods: In this prospective study, 100 recently diagnosed diabetics were studied. Group A had 50 patients with at least one risk factor are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Group B had 50 patients without any of the aforementioned factors. Patients were investigated for presence of Diabetic nephropathy with abnormal serum Creatinine, creatinine clearance and urinary albumin levels.Results: As many as 43 out of 100 patients were found to have Diabetic nephropathy. The number was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (34/50 vs. 9/50). Incidence of nephropathy was higher with higher number of associated risk factors. Urinary microalbuminuria was the commonest abnormality, Serum creatinine was found in only 30.23% of total positive cases.Conclusions: Incidence of diabetic nephropathy is much larger than imagined in freshly diagnosed/new onset cases of DM type 2. Author also conclude that hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia can contribute to development of nephropathy (68% vs. 18% in those who had the factors vs. those who didn’t). Also, urinary microalbuminuria appears to be much more sensitive than serum creatinine as screening tool.

FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in Type 2 Diabetes and Their Relationships with Duration of the Disease

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4178 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 81-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Md Omar Ali ◽

Shelina Begum ◽

Noorzahan Begum ◽

Taskina Ali ◽

Sultana Ferdousi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Group A ◽

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic debilitating disease affecting various organs including lungs. The magnitude of the complications of this disease is related to its duration. Objective: To observe FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in type 2 diabetic patients and their relationship with duration of the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2007 to June 2008 on 60 type 2 diabetic male patients of age 40-60 years (Group B). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy non diabetic subjects (Group A) were also studied. Patients were selected from the out patient department of Bangladesh Institute of research on diabetes, endocrine and metabolic diseases. Based on duration of diabetes, diabetic patients were divided into B1 (5-10 years) and B2 (10-20 years). FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% of all the subjects were measured by a digital microspirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA test, Unpaired Student's 't' test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: Mean of the percentage of the predicted values of FVC and FEV1, were significantly (p<0.001) lower in both those of Gr. B1 and B2 than that in A and were also significantly (p<0.001) lower in Gr. B2 when compared with Gr. B1. Again, FEV1/FVC% was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Gr. B2 than those in Gr. B1 and A whereas this value was lower in Gr. B1 than those of group A but it was not statistically significant. However, FVC and FEV1 showed negative and FEV1/FVC% showed positive correlations with duration of diabetes. All these correlations were statistically non significant. Conclusion: From the result of this study it can be concluded that the ventilatory function of lung may be reduced in type 2 diabetes which may be related to the duration of the disease. Key words: FVC, FEV1, diabetes mellitus DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4178 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 81-87

ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF VITAMINS COMBINED A, C, AND E DOSE ON TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31216 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

GOZIF MOHAMMED N OMAR ◽

FADEL YOUSIF AL-ARABI ◽

MANSOUR ABDULNABI H MEHDI ◽

MADHUKAR M FAWADE

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Group B ◽

Objectives: This study is to investigate the effect of oral Vitamins combined (A, C, and E) with metformin on the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: A total of 32 patients with Type 2 diabetes were divided randomly into A and B groups, i.e., 16 per each group. Group A received metformin only twice a day while Group B received one tablet of Antox and metformin twice a day for 3 months. FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL, and HDL were measured before and after the dose, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results: A significant decreases in FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL whereas results showed increasing significance in HDL level that seen in the patients of Group B which received Antox and metformin compared to the group which received metformin only. In conclusion, the results indicate that daily consumption of supplementary vitamins with metformin leads to improving blood glucose and lipids in patients with Type 2 diabetes and reducing the risk of complications. Hence, the dose can be used combined Vitamins A, C, and E with metformin in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes by maintaining good glycemic control.

Study of Thyroid Disorders in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2020/549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (46) ◽

pp. 2669-2673

Author(s):

Ravinder Pal Singh ◽

Rajan Goyal ◽

Nitin Kumar Gupta ◽

Prerna Prerna ◽

Abhinav Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

BACKGROUND Patients with DM are at increased risk of thyroid disease, especially those with poor glycaemic control. The following mechanisms are thought to be responsible. In patients with DM, the nocturnal TSH peak is blunted or abolished; the TSH response to TRH, from the hypothalamus, is impaired thus leading to hypothyroidism. We wanted to study the thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This is an analytical observational study conducted among 100 type 2 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic patients attending medicine OPD in the Department of General Medicine of Narayan Medical College & Hospital, Jamuhar, Distt. Rohtas over a 6- month period from Oct 2019 to April 2020. RESULTS The mean age of group A and group B was found to be 51.79 ± 10.374 and 49.86 ± 9.538 respectively. In group A (diabetes mellitus patients), 71 (71 %) patients were euthyroid whereas in group B (healthy individuals) 84 (84 %) patients were euthyroid. In Group A (diabetes mellitus group) either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism was seen in 26 (26 %) patients and hyperthyroidism was seen in 3 (3 %) patients. In Group B (healthy individuals) either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism was seen in 14 (14 %) patients and hyperthyroidism was seen in 2 (2 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the patients of control and cases groups on the basis of whether they had a normal or abnormal thyroid function test showed that patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (Group A) were more likely to be having abnormal thyroid function test as compared to healthy individuals (Group B) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.027). KEYWORDS Type 2 DM, Hypothyroid, Hyperglycaemia, Hyperthyroid

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus taking oral antidiabetic drug metformin

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.11.3228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1925-1930

Author(s):

Gunesh Kumar ◽

Jamil Laghari ◽

Sadat Memon ◽

Nasreen Qazi ◽

Muhammad Yaqoob Shahani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Group B ◽

Objectives: To assess the outcome of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in reducing the serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in type 2 diabetic patients taking anti-diabetic drug metformin. Study Design: An Observational study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro in collaboration with Sindh Institute of Endocrinology & Diabetes (SIED) Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: We carried out this study on 140 patients. Diagnosed patients of type 2 DM With duration more than 5 years, age between 35 to 60 years, HbA1c equal to or more than 6.0%, and diabetic patients which were on metformin and had vitamin D deficiency (level less than 30ng/ml) were included in the study. Results: Total 140 type 2 diabetic patients were taken in study. At baseline, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.92±1.54 while at 3 months intervention, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.18±1.53. No significant difference in HbA1c between Group A and B at baseline and after three months of intervention (P value = 0.46). The mean value of vitamin D before supplementation was 16.23±3.45 vs 28.96±5.25 after 3 months supplementation. There was a significant increase in 25 (OH) D levels after vitamin D supplementation after 3 months. (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D did not show any effect on blood sugar control in our patients with type 2 DM.

C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol level In Male Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.9.1.113-119 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Male Type ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level in serum is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ,this relationship is likely to be the cause it means elevated CRP leads to T2D in future . Our objective was to examine CRP in male Type 2 Diabetes(T2D) patients in different age ,we studied 120 male subjects divided to two groups according to their age. First group A age (31 - 40) year old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age: second group B age (41 – 50) years old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age. We examined blood sugar ,cholesterol and CRP in each group. and we toke the mean of samples in the same age in each data in all the 4 groups. Our data shows that CRP raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each .And cholesterol levels, and sugar levels raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each. CRP ,Cholesterol and sugar are higher in group B(T2D) than in group A(T2D),and in group B (control) than in group A (control). CRP level can predict diabetes but not causal, diabetes may cause a kind of inflammation (showed by high CRP) by its effect on body and this effect (inflammation) may cause rising CRP level.