scholarly journals Dynamic changes of serotonin levels induces depression-like behaviour in mice with high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Tingting Gong ◽  
Haotian Liu ◽  
Shengfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Fat ◽  
First Line ◽  
Dynamic Changes

Abstract Introduction of SSRI as the first-line pharmacotherapy options for depression, which purpose is to increase the concentrations of 5-HT in brain and help reduce depressive symptoms. However, there are still many limitations to the effectiveness of these treatment strategies, 30-40% of patients do not respond to treatment at all, and even suicide occurs. In the present study, we revealed that increasing brain 5-HT concentration is not the best treatment options. When we injected sufficient amounts of 5-HT into the lateral ventricular region of mice, it actually caused depression-like behavior in the animals. The second study on high-fat fed induces depressive symptoms in mice demonstrated that 5-HT concentration in brain showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease. Both experiments indicated that if SSRI are administrated to the patient in the acute phases of depression, it may lead to exacerbation of mental disorders or suicidal tendencies.

scholarly journals What does first-line therapy mean for paediatric multiple sclerosis in the current era?

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852093764
Author(s):  
Yael Hacohen ◽  
Brenda Banwell ◽  
Olga Ciccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Impact

Paediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with higher relapse rate, rapid magnetic resonance imaging lesion accrual early in the disease course and worse cognitive outcome and physical disability in the long term compared to adult-onset disease. Current treatment strategies are largely centre-specific and reliant on adult protocols. The aim of this review is to examine which treatment options should be considered first line for paediatric MS and we attempt to answer the question if injectable first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are still an optimal option. To answer this question, we review the effects of early onset disease on clinical course and outcomes, with specific considerations on risks and benefits of treatments for paediatric MS. Considering the impact of disease activity on brain atrophy, cognitive impairment and development of secondary progressive MS at a younger age, we would recommend treating paediatric MS as a highly active disease, favouring the early use of highly effective DMTs rather than injectable DMTs.

Current First-line and Salvage Treatment Strategies in Patients with Advanced-stage Follicular Lymphoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Frank Heinzelmann ◽  
Michael Bamberg ◽  
Martin Weinmann ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
First Line ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

In patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) there are many treatment options available. Besides watchful waiting in asymptomatic patients, current first-line treatment strategies include rituximab ± single-agent chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy. In case of relapse, the use of chemoimmunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in enhanced response rates, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone. However, long-term results are marred by high relapse rates and the risk of secondary malignancies after autologous HSCT. To date, in patients with relapsed/chemoresistant disease, myeloablative/reduced intensity conditioning protocols in combination with allogeneic HSCT presumably constitute the only curative approach but are associated with high treatment-related mortality. Although advances in supportive care have resulted in improved outcomes, reliable strategies for adequate patient selection are mandatory. In the palliative setting, low-dose involved-field irradiation constitutes an effective treatment option in order to control local symptoms with potential long-lasting response.

Augmentation and combination of antidepressants with each other and with antipsychotics

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 698-698
Author(s):  
L. Timmerman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Augmentation Therapy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Line Drug

IntroductionNonrespons in first -line drug treatment of patients suffering from depression in psychiatric outpatient populations is a severe problem.The non respons rate is up tot 30% and the non remission rate more than 50% in the first line of treatment with antidepressants in this population.ObjectiveTo devellop more rapid and efficious drug treatment strategies in depression.AimsDuring the last few years several strategies to improve outcome in depression have been under investigation. A few have proven to be valuable.MethodsMedline search 2005–2010 into treatment resistent depression, combination therapy, augmentation therapy, drug therapy.ResultThere is growing evidence for the value of the combination of antidepressants and of combining antidepressants with antipsychotics.Treatment options as pindolol addition to antidepressants, substance P or folic acid addition do not seem of clinical significance yet.The same is true for treatment methods who directly influence the glucocorticoid system such as glucocorticoid receptor antagonists.NMDA antagonists look promising but more research into this option is needed.ConclusionsThere are two outstanding and much promising relatively new treatment options with: Combinations of antidepressants and with combinations of an antidepressant with an antipsychotic.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antihyperlipidemic Activity Temu Mangga’s Rhizomes and Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves Infusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan Nugraha ◽  
◽  
Noor Wildiati Magfirah ◽  
Novia Henjani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Boiled Water

Statins are first line therapy of antihyperlipidemia. It reduced LDL levels more than 50%. However, a serious side effects such as rhabdomyolisis which can lead to kidney failure. On other side, people often consumed boiled water of Temu Mangga’s Rhizome and/or Ketepeng Cina’s Leeaves as antihyperlipidemic. Both of them has a potential as adjuvant therapy. Purpose: To compare antihyperlipidemic activity of Temu Mangga’s Rhizome and Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves as alternative treatment. Method : Test animals were induced with High Fat Diet Food (HFDF) for the first 15 days, and with Temu Mangga’s Rhizome and Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves for the next 15 days. Study group: Simvastatin (positive control), Na CMC 0.5% (negative control), 450 mg/Kg BW; 900 mg/Kg BW; 1.800 mg/Kg BW of Temu Mangga’s Rhizome and 225 mg/Kg BW; 450 mg/Kg BW; and 900 mg/Kg BW Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves. Results: Temu Mangga 360 mg/200 gram BW was not significantly different from positive control in reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increasing HDL. Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves 180 mg/200 gram BW had the best effect, but it was not comparable to the positive control. Conclusion: 1.800 mg/Kg BW Temu Mangga’s Rhizome showed better antiyperlipidemic activity than 900 mg/Kg BW Ketepeng Cina’s Leaves.

scholarly journals Retinoblastoma. Part 2. Treatment strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
S.V. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
S.A. Kuleva ◽  
N.N. Sadovnikova ◽  
M.I. Komissarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
First Line ◽  
Transpupillary Thermotherapy ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intravitreal Chemotherapy ◽  
Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common retinal tumors in young children. Current early diagnostic and treatment strategies focus on the possibility to implement eye-preserving therapies. The 5-year overall survival for children with retinoblastoma is now 100%. First-line eye removal is recommended in extensive intraocular seeding and poor visual prognosis. The volume of adjuvant therapy is based on the histological risk factors for disease progression. This paper discusses the algorithms to determine risk factors and further systemic treatment strategy in several large study groups. Eye and even vision preservation is now possible in at least 65–75% of retinoblastoma patients. The paper also describes in detail the methods of locally administering chemotherapy which are considered eye-preserving treatment options, i.e., selective intra-arterial chemotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy. Various physical methods of eye-preserving treatment which underwent significant development over the past decade are highlighted. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that retinoblastoma survivors, their siblings and offspring should be carefully monitored.Keywords: children, retinoblastoma, enucleation, polychemotherapy, selective intra-arterial chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, monitoring.For citation: Ivanova S.V., Kuleva S.A., Sadovnikova N.N. et al. Retinoblastoma. Part 2. Treatment strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2020;20(4):197–203. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2020-20-4-197-203.

scholarly journals Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies on Neuro-Cardiovascular Dynamic Changes Induced by High Fat Diet in Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0148402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Rodrigues Marques-Neto ◽  
Raquel Carvalho Castiglione ◽  
Aiza Pontes ◽  
Dahienne Ferreira Oliveira ◽  
Emanuelle Baptista Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cardiovascular Dynamic

scholarly journals Consensus paper: current state of first- and second-line therapy in advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
pp. 2307-2328
Author(s):  
Peter J Goebell ◽  
Philipp Ivanyi ◽  
Jens Bedke ◽  
Lothar Bergmann ◽  
Dominik Berthold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
New Treatments

The therapy of advanced (clear-cell) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has recently experienced tremendous changes. Several new treatments have been developed, with PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibition being the backbone of therapy. Diverse immunotherapy combinations change current first-line standards. These changes also require new approaches in subsequent lines of therapy. In an expert panel, we discussed the new treatment options and how they change clinical practice. While first-line immunotherapies introduce a new level of response rates, data on second-line therapies remains poor. This scenario poses a challenge for clinicians as guideline recommendations are based on historical patient cohorts and agents may lack the appropriate label for their in guidelines recommended use. Here, we summarize relevant clinical data and consider appropriate treatment strategies.

Korean medication algorithm for bipolar disorder (KMAP-BP): Changes in treatment strategies for bipolar depression over 12 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S423-S423
Author(s):  
D.I. Jon ◽  
J.S. Seo ◽  
W. Kim ◽  
J.G. Lee ◽  
Y.C. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
First Line ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Nonpsychotic Depression

IntroductionMany guidelines for bipolar disorders have been introduced based on evidences. In contrast, KMAP-BP was developed by an expert-consensus.ObjectiveTo summarize the medication strategies for bipolar depression over four published KMAP-BP (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014).MethodsThe questionnaire using a nine-point scale had covered some clinical situations with many treatment options about the appropriateness of treatment.ResultsFor mild-to-moderate depression, antidepressant (AD) + mood stabilizer (MS) in early editions and MS or lamotrigine monotherapy and AAP + (MS or lamotrigine) in later editions were preferred strategies. For severe nonpsychotic depression, MS + AD was the only first-line medication in early editions. In 2014, various medications [MS + AAP (atypical antipsychotic), AAP + lamotrigine, MS + AD] were preferred. Valproate and lithium has been rated as first-line MS in all editions. Lamotrigine were positively preferred later. Adjunctive AD was accepted as first-line strategy for severe depression in all editions. Preference of AAP also has been increased remarkably. Adjunctive AAP was not first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate depression in all editions, but was for nonpsychotic depression in 2010 and 2014 and for psychotic depression in all editions. Recommended AAPs have been changed over 12 years: olanzapine and risperidone in 2002 and quetiapine, aripiprazole, and olanzapine in 2014 were first-line AAP.ConclusionThere have been evident preference changes: increased for AAP and lamotrigine and decreased for AD. The high preferences for aripiprazole and lamotrigine in later editions were likely derived from favorable tolerability.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychosocial, Eating Behavior, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S72-S91
Author(s):  
Rina Agustina ◽  
Meilianawati ◽  
Fenny ◽  
Atmarita ◽  
Suparmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Overweight ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: Adolescent overweight and obesity (AOO) is a global public health problem and risk for noncommunicable diseases. Understanding context-specific risks is crucial for interventions. Objective: Determine the prevalence of AOO in the Indonesian National Health Survey (INHS) 2013, assess the 5-year trend from 2013 to 2018, and identify risks. Methods: We selected adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 174 290) from the INHS 2013 and used hierarchical logistic regression to identify gender-specific risks for those aged 15 to 19 years (n = 77 534). Change in AOO was assessed by comparison to INHS 2018 reports. Results: The national AOO prevalence increased over 5 years by 48% in young adolescents (13-15 years) and 85% in older ones (16-18 years). High prevalence areas included the urban location of Jakarta (20.9%) and the remote rural region of Papua (19.4%). Overall, AOO risks were being sedentary, male, lower education, married, younger adolescent, and school enrollment, with urban residence and higher wealth being persistent risks for all analyses. Data for depressive symptoms were available for older adolescents whose additional risks were being sedentary, depressive symptoms, and high-fat diet. Male risks were being sedentary and lower education, and female risks were being married, depressive symptoms, high-fat intake, and lower education. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables and fewer sweets did not protect against AOO if a high-fat diet was consumed. Conclusions: Adolescent overweight and obesity in Indonesia is rapidly increasing, especially in older adolescents and males, and with gender-specific risks. Customized multisectoral interventions to identify strategies for lifestyle change are urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Sustained High-Fat Diet on the Metabolism of White and Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Impact on Insulin Resistance: A Selected Time Point Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13639
Author(s):  
Babu Raja Maharjan ◽  
Susan V. McLennan ◽  
Christine Yee ◽  
Stephen M. Twigg ◽  
Paul F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Brown Adipose

(1) Background: studies on the long-term dynamic changes in fat depot metabolism in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) on hepatic lipid deposition and insulin resistance are sparse. This study investigated the dynamic changes produced by HFD and the production of dysfunctional fat depots on insulin resistance and liver lipid metabolism. (2) Methods: mice fed a chow or HFD (45% kcal fat) diet had three fat depots, liver, and blood collected at 6, 10, 20, and 30 weeks. Anthropometric changes and gene markers for adipogenesis, thermogenesis, ECM remodeling, inflammation, and tissue insulin resistance were measured. (3) Results: early responses to the HFD were increased body weight, minor deposition of lipid in liver, increased adipocyte size, and adipogenesis. Later changes were dysfunctional adipose depots, increased liver fat, insulin resistance (shown by changes in ITT) accompanied by increased inflammatory markers, increased fibrosis (fibrosis > 2-fold, p < 0.05 from week 6), and the presence of crown cells in white fat depots. Later, changes did not increase thermogenic markers in response to the increased calories and decreased UCP1 and PRDM16 proteins in WAT. (4) Conclusions: HFD feeding initially increased adipocyte diameter and number, but later changes caused adipose depots to become dysfunctional, restricting adipose tissue expansion, changing the brown/beige ratios in adipose depots, and causing ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance.

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