scholarly journals Evaluating Climate Change Impact of Rainfed Maize Production Yield in Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinde Negessa Disasa ◽  
Haofang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Study Results

Abstract A developing country like Ethiopia suffers a lot from the effects of climate change due to its limited economic capability to build irrigation projects to combat climate change's impact on crop production. This study evaluates climate change's impact on rainfed maize production in the Southern part of Ethiopia. AquaCrop, developed by FAO that simulates the crop yield response to water deficit conditions, is employed to assess potential rainfed maize production in the study area with and without climate change. The Stochastic weather generators model LARS-WG of the latest version is used to simulate local-scale level climate variables based on low-resolution GCM outputs. The expected monthly percentage change of rainfall during these two-time horizons (2040 and 2060) ranges from -23.18 to 20.23% and -14.8 to 36.66 respectively. Moreover, the monthly mean of the minimum and maximum temperature are estimated to increase in the range of 1.296 0C to 2.192 0C and 0.98 0C to 1.84 0C for the first time horizon (2031-2050) and from 1.860C to 3.40C and 1.560C to 3.180C in the second time horizon (2051-2070), respectively. Maize yields are expected to increase with the range of 4.13–7% and 6.36–9.32% for the respective time horizon in the study area provided that all other parameters were kept the same. In conclusion, the study results suggest that rainfed maize yield responds positively to climate change if all field management, soil fertility, and crop variety improve were kept the same to baseline; but since there is intermodal rainfall variability among the seasons planting date should be scheduled well to combat water stress on crops. The authors believe that this study is very likely important for regional development agents (DA) and policymakers to cope up with the climate change phenomenon and take some mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Improving crop water use in West Africa in the context of climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehouevi Mawuton David Agoungbome ◽  
Nick van de Giesen ◽  
Frank Ohene Annor ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crop Water Use

<p>Africa’s population is growing fast and is expected to double by 2050, meaning the food production must follow the cadence in order to meet the demand. However, one of the major challenges of agriculture in Africa is productivity (World Bank, 2009; IFRI, 2016). For instance, more than 40 million hectares of farmland were dedicated to maize in Africa in 2017 (approx. 20% of world total maize farms), but only 7.4% of the total world maize production came from the African continent (FAO, 2017). This shows the poor productivity which has its causes rooted in lack of good climate and weather information, slow technology uptake and financial support for farmers. In West Africa, where more than 70% of crop production is rain-fed, millions of farmers depend on rainfall, yet the region is one of the most vulnerable and least monitored in terms of climate change and rainfall variability. With a high uncertainty of future climate conditions in the region, one must foresee the big challenges ahead: farmers will be exposed to a lot of damages and losses leading to food insecurity resulting in famine and poverty if measures are not put in place to improve productivity. This study aims at addressing low productivity in agriculture by providing farmers with the right moment to start farming in order to improve efficiency and productivity of crop water use. By analyzing yield response to water availability of specific crops using AquaCrop, the Food and Agriculture Organization crop growth model, we investigate the crop water productivity variability throughout the rainy season and come up with recommendations that help optimize rainfall water use and maximize crop yield.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Production and Productivity: A Case Study of Maize Research and Development In Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Lal Nayava ◽  
Dil Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
Annual Maximum Temperature

The relation between climate and maize production in Nepal was studied for the period 1970/71-2007/08. Due to the topographical differences within north-south span of the country, Nepal has wide variety of climatic condition. About 70 to 90% of the rainfall occurs during summer monsoon (June to September) and the rest of the months are almost dry. Maize is cultivated from March to May depending on the rainfall distribution. Due to the availability of improved seeds, the maize yield has been steadily increasing after 1987/1988. The national area and yield of maize is estimated to be 870,166ha and 2159kg/ha respectively in 2007/08. The present rate of annual increase of temperature is 0.04°C in Nepal. Trends of temperature rise are not uniform throughout Nepal. An increase of annual temperature at Rampur during 1968-2008 was only 0.039°C. However, at Rampur during the maize growing seasons, March/April - May, the trend of annual maximum temperature had not been changed, but during the month of June and July, the trend of increase of maximum temperature was 0.03°C to 0.04°C /year.Key words: Climate-change; Global-warming; Hill; Mountain; Nepal; TaraiThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 59-69Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability and Food Security of Nepal

2012 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Roshan Kumar Mehta ◽  
Shree Chandra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Water Scarce

The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is widely believed to be causing climate change. It affects agriculture, forestry, human health, biodiversity, and snow cover and aquatic life. Changes in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation have potential to influence agrobiodiversity and its production. An average of 0.04°C/ year and 0.82 mm/year rise in annual average maximum temperature and precipitation respectively from 1975 to 2006 has been recorded in Nepal. Frequent droughts, rise in temperature, shortening of the monsoon season with high intensity rainfall, severe floods, landslides and mixed effects on agricultural biodiversity have been experienced in Nepal due to climatic changes. A survey done in the Chitwan District reveals that lowering of the groundwater table decreases production and that farmers are attracted to grow less water consuming crops during water scarce season. The groundwater table in the study area has lowered nearly one meter from that of 15 years ago as experienced by the farmers. Traditional varieties of rice have been replaced in the last 10 years by modern varieties, and by agricultural crops which demand more water for cultivation. The application of groundwater for irrigation has increased the cost of production and caused severe negative impacts on marginal crop production and agro-biodiversity. It is timely that suitable adaptive measures are identified in order to make Nepalese agriculture more resistant to the adverse impacts of climate change, especially those caused by erratic weather patterns such as the ones experienced recently.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7206 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.59-63

scholarly journals Exploring farmers’ perception on climate-induced events and adaptation practices to protect crop production and livestock farming in Haor area of northeastern Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Chowdhury Fahim ◽  
Bivuti Bhushan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bangladesh is confronting terrible impacts of climate change on agriculture across the country, especially in the low-lying area like- Haor, coastal region, and islands. This behavioral study (N = 320) examines the perception and knowledge of farmers on climate-induced events and experiences, and explores the adaptation practices they adopt to protect crop production and livestock farming from the impact of climate change in the Northeastern Haor area of the country. Using triangulation method, it is detected that farmers of the study area have erroneous idea on climate change and the causes of frequent climate extremes. Study results show that respondents’ perception and experiences on climate-induced event are verified positively with the historical trend and time-series analysis of climate indicators as well as with the findings of researchers using PRA tools and techniques. This study explores the traditional and systematic adaptation approaches of farmers which are practiced in individual or community level. The rationale of each of the approach from respondents’ side is also analyzed in the study. It is statistically tested using chi-square that some of the scientific and systematic adaptation options for crop production is predominantly influenced by the educational qualifications of the respondents. The study reveals that lack of proper information prevents subsistence farmers to find the most effective adaptation pathways.

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals Smallholder farmers’ climate change adaptation practices contribute to crop production efficiency in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Anshiso Sedebo ◽  
Gu‐Cheng Li ◽  
Kidane Assefa Abebe ◽  
Bekele Gebisa Etea ◽  
John Kojo Ahiapka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Adaptation Practices

scholarly journals Using climate analogue tools to explore and build smallholder farmer capacity for climate smart agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Phyllis Opare ◽  
Johnson O. Akintonde ◽  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽  
Valerie Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Background: The phenomenon of climate change (CC) and its attendant challenges in agriculture have been widely document. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) focuses on sustainable agriculture intensification for food sovereignty through the adoption of mitigation and adaptation practices. Agriculture provides the livelihood for 70% of rural poor in the developing world, so building farmer capacity in CSA is imperative for food security. Studies show that transformative change must be bottom-up – integrating scientific and ethical dimensions, using participatory research approaches that employ simple comprehensive tools for building participants’ capacity to adapt. Methods: The study uses the “Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security” (CCAFS) climate analogue and weather forecasting tools. These participatory learning tools allow participants to interrogate and explore their own geographical and climatic histories and to draw conclusions on climate variability. This study examined smallholder farmers’ understanding of CC and their resilience to it. The study consisted of 5 stages – selection of tools, planning and training of teams, meetings with community leaders and community members to select participants, focus group discussions, modelling sessions and community dissemination meetings.   Results: Participants showed awareness of CC, explained in terms of rainfall variability, decreasing rainforest, increasing temperature and excessively long hot days.  Farmers illustrated gendered perception of past and present landscapes, time use, past seasonal trends, vulnerabilities and access to key resources. They also observed that natural resources were declining, while population and social infrastructure increased. Participants modelled the shift in seasons and projected possible future scenarios. Finally, participants were willing to adopt climate smart agronomic practices. Conclusions: After establishing that farmers are aware of CC, follow-on-studies addressing the impediments to adaptation and provision of necessary tools and resources to facilitate adaptation must be carried out. This study can also be replicated among a larger smallholder population for increased capacity to practice CSA.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on the Production and Productivity of Wheat Crop in the Highlands of Ethiopia: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Aleminew ◽  
Merkuz Abera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Government

Climate change is a recent challenge on crop production and productivity in the world. The objective of this paper is to review the major effects of climate change on the production and productivity of wheat in the high lands of Ethiopia. Effects of climate change on wheat would be mainly through changes in [CO2], temperature, rainfall, length of growing period, actual growth rate and increased evapo-transpiration, which may lead to reduce yield or complete crop failure. Moreover, flower fertilization and grain set are highly sensitive to heat stress during mid-anthesis. In C3 crops like wheat, the elevated CO2 level is expected to increase productivity as a result of higher CO2 diffusion through stomata leading to a higher photosynthesis rate. But, elevated [CO2] may have negative effects on the grain-quality of wheat in terms of protein, lipids, number of mitochondria and nitrogen contents. Unlike CO2, elevated temperature affects crop production negatively by increasing rate of respiration; hastening plant growth and development; increasing photorespiration of wheat, reducing photosynthetic efficiency due to O2 interrupts the photosynthetic path way instead of CO2, increasing rate of water loss by increasing evapo-transpiration and decreasing nutrient use-efficiency through increased rate of decomposition and mineralization. As a result, wheat area is forecast to be displaced by other crop types. In order to tackle this issue, major mitigation and adaptation measures for example promoting area closures and conservation agriculture-based (CA), agroforestry practices, efficient use of energy sources, etc. should be practiced and given special attention by the communities as well as the government to solve the effects of climate change on wheat production and productivity in the country.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN PONNANIYAR BASIN OF TAMIL NADU BASED ON REGCM 4.4 SIMULATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
V. Guhan ◽  
V. Geethalakshmi ◽  
R. Jagannathan ◽  
S. Panneerselvam ◽  
K. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Climate change induced extreme weather events such as drought and flood condition are likely to become more common and associated impacts on crop production will be more without proper irrigation planning. The present investigation was undertaken for assessing the impact of Climate change on tomato yield and water use efficiency (WUE) using AquaCrop model and RegCM 4.4 simulations. The water driven AquaCrop model was validated based on observation of field experiment conducted with four different dates of sowing (1st November, 15th November, 1st December, 15th December) at Ponnaniyar basin, Tiruchirappalli. Validation of AquaCrop model indicated the capability of AquaCrop in predicting tomato yield, biomass and WUE close to the observed data. Seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures over Tiruchirappalli are projected to increase in the mid-century under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Maximum temperature is expected to increase up to 1.7&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C/2.5&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C in SWM and 1.9&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C/2.9&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C in NEM by the mid of century as projected through stabilization (RCP 4.5) and overshoot emission (RCP 8.5) pathways. Minimum temperature is expected to increase up to 1.6&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C/2.2&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C in SWM and 1.6&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C/2.1&amp;thinsp;&amp;deg;C in NEM by the mid of century as projected through stabilization (RCP 4.5) and overshoot emission (RCP 8.5) pathways. Seasonal rainfall over Tiruchirappalli is expected to decrease with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5scenarios with different magnitude. Rainfall is expected to change to the tune of &amp;minus;1/&amp;minus;11 per cent in SWM and &amp;minus;2/&amp;minus;14 per cent in NEM by the mid of century as projected through stabilization (RCP 4.5) and overshoot emission (RCP 8.5) pathways.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence rates of health and welfare conditions in broiler chickens change with weather in a temperate climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 160197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chérie E. Part ◽  
Phil Edwards ◽  
Shakoor Hajat ◽  
Lisa M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Climate Change Research

Climate change impact assessment and adaptation research in agriculture has focused primarily on crop production, with less known about the potential impacts on livestock. We investigated how the prevalence of health and welfare conditions in broiler (meat) chickens changes with weather (temperature, rainfall, air frost) in a temperate climate. Cases of 16 conditions were recorded at approved slaughterhouses in Great Britain. National prevalence rates and distribution mapping were based on data from more than 2.4 billion individuals, collected between January 2011 and December 2013. Analysis of temporal distribution and associations with national weather were based on monthly data from more than 6.8 billion individuals, collected between January 2003 and December 2013. Ascites, bruising/fractures, hepatitis and abnormal colour/fever were most common, at annual average rates of 29.95, 28.00, 23.76 and 22.29 per 10 000, respectively. Ascites and abnormal colour/fever demonstrated clear annual cycles, with higher rates in winter than in summer. Ascites prevalence correlated strongly with maximum temperature at 0 and −1 month lags. Abnormal colour/fever correlated strongly with temperature at 0 lag. Maximum temperatures of approximately 8°C and approximately 19°C marked the turning points of curve in a U-shaped relationship with mortality during transportation and lairage. Future climate change research on broilers should focus on preslaughter mortality.

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