Community structure and metabolic potentials for biofuel production of an ancient beer starter ‘emao' revealed by a whole-metagenome study

Abstract The community structure and functional metabolic modules occurring in ‘emao' – a traditional rice beer starter of ancient origin from north-east India has been unearthed for the first time using shot-gun whole-metagenome sequencing. Emao harbours potential microorganisms for saccharification, lignocellulose degradation, and biofuel production that correlate with probable metabolic functional modules. Eukaryotic microorganisms, especially moulds and yeasts, dominated over the prokaryotes in emao compared to previous metagenomic studies on such traditional starters where the relative abundance of prokaryotes was higher than the eukaryotes. The comprehensive microbial species diversity, community structure, and metabolic modules exhibited in emao would be practical in the formulation of mixed-microbial cultures for biofuel production from plant-based feedstocks.

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Community structure and metabolic potentials of the traditional rice beer starter ‘emao’

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94059-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Diganta Narzary ◽

Nitesh Boro ◽

Ashis Borah ◽

Takashi Okubo ◽

Hideto Takami

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Lignocellulose Degradation ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽

The Family ◽

Metagenome Sequencing

AbstractThe emao, a traditional beer starter used in the North–East regions of India produces a high quality of beer from rice substrates; however, its microbial community structure and functional metabolic modules remain unknown. To address this gap, we have used shot-gun whole-metagenome sequencing technology; accordingly, we have detected several enzymes that are known to catalyze saccharification, lignocellulose degradation, and biofuel production indicating the presence of metabolic functionome in the emao. The abundance of eukaryotic microorganisms, specifically the members of Mucoromycota and Ascomycota, dominated over the prokaryotes in the emao compared to previous metagenomic studies on such traditional starters where the relative abundance of prokaryotes occurred higher than the eukaryotes. The family Rhizopodaceae (64.5%) and its genus Rhizopus (64%) were the most dominant ones, followed by Phaffomycetaceae (11.14%) and its genus Wickerhamomyces (10.03%). The family Leuconostocaceae (6.09%) represented by two genera (Leuconostoc and Weissella) was dominant over the other bacteria, and it was the third-highest in overall relative abundance in the emao. The comprehensive microbial species diversity, community structure, and metabolic modules found in the emao are of practical value in the formulation of mixed-microbial cultures for biofuel production from plant-based feedstocks.

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Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301

Author(s):

Partha P Dutta ◽

Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽

Sonali Roy ◽

Bardwi Narzary ◽

Kabita Gogoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Future Studies ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Gnetum Gnemon ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

First Time

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

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A report on new chromosome number of three Dioscorea species

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.490 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Chiranjit Paul ◽

Bimal Debnath

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Somatic Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Count ◽

Somatic Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Forest Belts ◽

Dioscorea Species ◽

First Time

Chromosomal study conducted in nine species of Dioscorea from different forest belts of Tripura revealed that their somatic chromosome number ranged from 2n=40 to 2n=60. The record of 2n=40 chromosome in the sexual phenotypes of Dioscorea hamiltonii, Dioscorea glabra and Dioscorea pubera are the first time report from Tripura, North East India. Moreover the somatic chromosome counts of 2n=60 in Dioscorea pentaphylla would be attributed as a new cytotype. However at the respective ploidy level no difference in somatic chromosome count was observed between their sexes.

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Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3107.1.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3107 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. MANJUR SHAH ◽

N. MOHILAL ◽

M. PRAMODINI ◽

L. BINA ◽

TH. HEMANANDA

Keyword(s):

Present Report ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Key To Species ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

Time Out ◽

First Time

The present report is based on findings of occasional survey work conducted from the region spanning over six years for the presence of insect parasitic nematodes under the superfamily Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida), parasitic in invertebrate hosts. Out of five families recognized under the superfamily, the present report discusses the findings of four families from Manipur and its adjoining areas as well. For the first time, out of 15 taxa described in the text, seven species are described from the region, eight species reported. The findings of the study will help in understanding of the biodiversity status of insect parasitic nematodes of the region. Diagnosis of the genus, key to species and illustration with line diagrams and photomicrographs are provided in the manuscript.

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Community structure of Harpacticoida and Canuelloida (Crustacea, Copepoda) on the Great Meteor Seamount (North-east Atlantic Ocean)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315419000444 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (06) ◽

pp. 1325-1342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karin Richter ◽

Kai Horst George

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Oceanic Islands ◽

Species Level ◽

North East ◽

Analysis Of Similarity ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

First Time ◽

Great Meteor Seamount

AbstractDuring the expedition POS397 ‘GroMet’ in 2010 the sediments of the Great Meteor Seamount (GMS) plateau were sampled quantitatively for the first time, allowing statistical analysis of the community structure of Harpacticoida and Canuelloida. Analysis of similarity revealed no differences between three geographic regions at family/species level. Analysis of diversity indicated slightly greater diversity in the south, with more species belonging to more genera/families. Dispersal opportunities possibly occurring at the plateau (emergence, erosion, rafting) are discussed. Of 18 investigated families 106 species were identified, but only 5.66% were already scientifically known and widely distributed. Within the investigated families, 37.74% of the species belonged to shallow-water genera, leading to the conclusion that the plateau was once connected to shallow-water habitats, perhaps functioning as a stepping stone, but is now geographically isolated. This isolation is most likely due to seafloor spreading of the Atlantic Ocean and descending of the GMS. On the plateau, six species with wider distribution ranges were present, indicating that species may arrive accidentally, but their means of settlement remains unknown. Comparisons of the identified GMS plateau fauna with that of other seamounts and mid-oceanic islands revealed similar communities at family level, but at species level the GMS shares only one species with the Seine Seamount; all other elevations had more species in common. Hence, the GMS plateau is considered to be isolated regarding benthic Copepoda but may play an important role in meiofaunal species distribution, as it represents a shallow-water habitat within the deep sea.

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New data on the genus Barsine Walker, 1854 from India, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4425.3.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4425 (3) ◽

pp. 456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RAHUL JOSHI ◽

NAVNEET SINGH ◽

ANTON V. VOLYNKIN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Female Genitalia ◽

New Combinations ◽

Male And Female ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

A new species, Barsine pseudoradians Joshi, Singh & Volynkin sp. nov. is described from North East India (Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya) and Nepal. The new species belongs to the Barsine prominens (Moore) species-group and is compared with B. radians (Moore, 1878), B. pluma Černy, 2009, B. syntypica Swinhoe, 1906 and B. maculifasciata (Hampson, 1894). Barsine callida (Fang, 1991) is reported for the first time from India. Its comparison with the related Barsine mesortha (Hampson, 1898) is given. Two new combinations are established: Barsine callida (Fang, 1991), comb. nov. and Barsine germana (Rothschild, 1913), comb. nov. Adults, male and female genitalia of all the reviewed species are illustrated.

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Taxonomical note, new distributional record and traditional use for Dioscorea wallichii Hook. f. (Dioscoreaceae) of Tripura North-East India

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2017.6.12.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 1868

Author(s):

Chiranjit Paul ◽

Amal Debnath ◽

Rahul Chanda ◽

Bimal Debnath

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Forest Floor ◽

The State ◽

Medicinal Purpose ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Traditional Use ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Stomach Pain ◽

First Time

The existence of Dioscorea wallichii Hook. f. (Dioscoreaceae) is noted first time from the forest floor of Tripura, North East India. The tuber of this plant is used as a vegetable as well as a medicinal purpose by the indigenous peoples of the state. Reang communities of Tripura used tuber of this plant for stomach pain and Jamatia community have eaten this tuber with honey for refreshment and also increase physical fitness. It is widely distributed throughout forest floor as well as the degraded land of the state.

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Chemical compositions of the essential oils of inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) from Meghalaya, North-East India

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.040703 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Rumi Kotoky ◽

Siddhartha Pratim Saikia ◽

Bithika Chaliha ◽

Subhan Chandra Nath

Keyword(s):

Compositional Analysis ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

North East India ◽

Plant Parts ◽

North East ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Linalool Oxide ◽

First Time ◽

Inflorescence Part

The compositional analysis of essential oil content in inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda Benth. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) growing wild in Meghalaya,North-East India were studied by GC and GC-MS. A total of 30 and 17 components representing 96.9%-98.3% and 92.6%-92.8% of the total oils from the inflorescence and vegetative aerial parts, respectively, were identified. Significant difference in composition of oils were observed between the two plant parts; 15 components detected in the oil of inflorescence were lacking in the oil of vegetative aerial parts, while two components present in the oil of vegetative aerial parts were absent in the inflorescence oil. Linalool was the major component in oils of both inflorescence (77.3%-80.2%) and vegetative aerial parts (57.9%-62.9%). Trans- linalool oxide (8.4%-9.9%), cis-linalool oxide (8.3%-9.3%) and 3,7-dimethyl-1,5-octadiene-3,7-diol (4.7%-5.1%) were however found in higher amount in the oil of vegetative aerial parts compared to inflorescence. For the first time the composition of oil in the inflorescence part has been reported in this communication while the oil from vegetative aerial parts containing linalool as the major component (44.9%) was although reported earlier but comparatively higher percentage of same was observed in vegetative aerial part (57.9%-62.9%) and inflorescence (77.3%-80.2%) in the present investigation with the plants from Meghalaya, India.

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New distribution records of lichens for the state of Meghalaya, North-East India

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-7z08ap ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 244-254

Author(s):

Pushpi Singh ◽

K. Singh

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

First Time ◽

New Distribution

The paper reports the occurrence of 39 species of crustose and foliose lichens for the first time to the state of Meghalaya in North-East India. Porina eminentior (Nyl.) P. M. McCarthy is recorded as new to India. Distribution of each species in India and distinguishing characters are provided to facilitate their identification.

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