scholarly journals Dietary, Physical Exercises and Mental Stress in A Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Pei Qin ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Abstract Background: Mental health is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, previous studies have showed conflict findings about the role of lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between diet, exercise, and mental health, as well as factors related to mental stress.Methods: We recruited 8160 residents who had health examinations in a public hospital during June 2016 to May 2018.Demographic characteristics, diet, exercises, and mental health status. was collected by a questionnaire. We estimated the association using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on Binary or ordinal logistic regression models. A classification and regression tree (CART) demonstrated the prediction of the value of a target variable based on other values.Results: Fried food intake, male, unmarried state, and aged ≤43 were associated with increased risks of mental stress while consuming more fresh vegetables or fruits showed a protective effect. The ordinal logistic regression model showed that increased consumption of meat (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.33-1.68), dessert (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.08-1.43) and pickled or smoked food (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.08-1.35) in males and increased consumption of dessert (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.38), pickled or smoked food (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29), quitting smoking (OR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.14-7.85), quitting drinking (OR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.65-3.54), and drinking (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.21-1.79) in females are related to mental stress. Conclusions: Our study showed that both diet and behaviors were associated with mental health and affected the degree of stress, which provided novel insights into interventions.

Mental Health Status in Semnan University of Medical Sciences Employees

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Saberian ◽  
S. Hajiaghajani ◽  
R. Ghorbani ◽  
B. Behnam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Setting ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background:The mission of every University is to educate professionals to improve the quality of well being of body and mind of the society's members. To approach this important issue, Universities needs healthy employee to enable them to educate healthy qualified and well trained. This study was aimed to evaluate the status of mental health of Semnan University of medical sciences employees.Material and methods:This is a descriptive- analytical performed in a cross- sectional study. Samples were 414 employee. data were collected trough a self - reporting questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed by spss and also mean, standard deviation, absolute & relative frequency were detected. Chi-square, Pearson & Spearman correlation coefficient at the level of 5% and logistic regression analysis was used for analysis.Findings:Total of 28.6% suffers from mental disorder. The most were working in treatment setting (41%). People aged 40-49 were 29.3 %, women were 37.4%, University undergraduate 40.7%, not married single 60%, 20 or more year work experienced 35.2%, had the most prominent mental disorder. Interpretation logistic regression showed that index of gender, level of education, and occupation has significant influence over mental disorder.Conclusion:The degree of mental disorder is 2.5 more than the statistics reported by WHO, but is similar with those reported in Iran. More investigation needs to better understanding the higher prevalence of mental disorder among women, university undergraduate, government employee and those working in treatment setting. The result of these studies can lead to find solution to resolve this problem.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association Between Food Insecurity and Obesity Among College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Aseel El Zein ◽  
Karla Shelnutt ◽  
Sarah Colby ◽  
Geoffrey Greene ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between food insecurity and obesity and to examine whether it varies by sex. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2017 among college students from eight U.S. institutions. Participants (n = 683) completed the USDA Adult Food Security Survey and had their weight and height measured by researchers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the sex-specific associations between food insecurity and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. Results Overall, 25.4% of students identified as food insecure and 10.5% were obese. The prevalence of obesity increased as the level of food insecurity increased, from 5.2% for those with high food security, 13.4% for those with marginal food security, to 17.4% and 21.6% for students with low and very low food security. In logistic regression analysis, marginal, low and very low food security students had an odds ratio of 2.83 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.57), 3.86 (95% CI: 1.88, 7.91), and 5.05 (95% CI:, 2.44, 10.48) of obesity compared to students with high food security, exhibiting a dose-response relationship. Among females, having marginal (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.70, 9.75), low (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.40, 12.47), or very low food security (OR = 7.08, 95% CI: 2.60, 18.41) predicted higher odds of obesity compared to female students with high food security. Among males, those with low food security had higher odds of obesity (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.78, 20.7). Conclusions The association between food insecurity and obesity in U.S. college students remained after adjustment for multiple socio-economic factors. Overall, food insecure females experienced an increase in the risk of obesity as food insecurity increased; however, only males with low food security had an increased risk of obesity. Programs directed toward obesity prevention need to address any level of food insecurity as a risk factor in females, and target males with low food security. Although beyond the scope of this study, it is possible that programs to reduce food insecurity may help prevent obesity in college students. Funding Sources This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014–67,001-21,851.

Prospection of immunological biomarkers for characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124-1132
Author(s):  
Gisele Macêdo Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Mariângela Carneiro ◽  
Marcelo Antônio Pascoal-Xavier ◽  
Iara Caixeta Marques da Rocha ◽  
Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractIn areas endemic for Leishmania infantum, an asymptomatic infection may be an indicator of the extent of transmission. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the applicability of measuring circulating immunological biomarkers as an alternative strategy to characterize and monitor L. infantum asymptomatic infections in combination with serological methods. To this end, 179 children from a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), aged 1–10 years old, selected from a cross-sectional study, were identified as asymptomatic (n = 81) or uninfected (n = 98) by qPCR and/or serological tests (ELISA using L. infantum soluble antigen and rK39), and, together with serum samples of children diagnosed with VL (n = 43), were subjected to avidity tests and cytokine levels measurement. Avidity rates (AR) ranging from 41 to 70% were found in 29 children (66%) from the asymptomatic group. On the other hand, high AR (above 70%) were observed in 27 children (64%) from the VL group. Logistic Regression and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses demonstrated that lower AR and IFN-γ production associated with higher IL-17A levels were hallmarks in asymptomatic L. infantum infections. Therefore, this study proposes an association of immunological biomarkers that can be used as a complementary strategy for the characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic VL infections in children living in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Salguero ◽  
Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽  
Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽  
Dhanya Baskaran ◽  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals The impact of diabetes on multiple avoidable admissions: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Seringa ◽  
Ana Patrícia Marques ◽  
Bruno Moita ◽  
Cátia Gaspar ◽  
João Filipe Raposo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Multiple admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are responsible for an important proportion of health care expenditures. Diabetes is one of the conditions consensually classified as an ACSC being considered a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of diabetes on the occurrence of multiple admissions for ACSC. Methods We analysed inpatient data of all public Portuguese NHS hospitals from 2013 to 2015 on multiple admissions for ACSC among adults aged 18 or older. Multiple ACSC users were identified if they had two or more admissions for any ACSC during the period of analysis. Two logistic regression models were computed. A baseline model where a logistic regression was performed to assess the association between multiple admissions and the presence of diabetes, adjusting for age and sex. A full model to test if diabetes had no constant association with multiple admissions by any ACSC across age groups. Results Among 301,334 ACSC admissions, 144,209 (47.9%) were classified as multiple admissions and from those, 59,436 had diabetes diagnosis, which corresponded to 23,692 patients. Patients with diabetes were 1.49 times (p < 0,001) more likely to be admitted multiple times for any ACSC than patients without diabetes. Younger adults with diabetes (18–39 years old) were more likely to become multiple users. Conclusion Diabetes increases the risk of multiple admissions for ACSC, especially in younger adults. Diabetes presence is associated with a higher resource utilization, which highlights the need for the implementation of adequate management of chronic diseases policies.

scholarly journals A predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACIA CASTRO-LUNA ◽  
ANTONIO PÉREZ-RUEDA
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease is necessary to initiate an early treatment of keratoconus. Furthermore to avoid possible refractive surgery that could produce ectasias. This study aims to describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal corneas. Additionally to propose a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus based in binary logistic regression models Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 205 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 subclinical keratoconus and 83 established keratoconus The rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) analyzed the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables. It performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data. A diagnostic and predictive model of subclinical keratoconus was calculated with the statistically significant variables Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing normal corneas with subclinical keratoconus/ in variables of the vertical asymmetry to 90º and the central corneal thickness. The binary logistic regression model included the minimal corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and posterior coma to 90º. The model properly diagnosed 92% of cases Conclusions: The differential diagnosis between normal cases and subclinical keratoconus depends on the mínimum corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and the posterior coma to 90º.

scholarly journals Camel milk consumption is associated with less childhood stunting and underweight than bovine milk in rural pastoral districts of Somali, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbissa Muleta ◽  
Dejene Hailu ◽  
Barbara J. Stoecker ◽  
Tefera Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Animal Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract Undernutrition is a major global health problem. Various types of animal milk are used for feeding children at early ages; however, associations of camel milk (CaM) and bovine milk (BM) with the nutritional status of children have not been explored. A comparative community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pre-schoolers in rural pastoral districts of Somali, Ethiopia. Children were selected from households with lactating camels or cows. Anthropometric measurements followed standard procedures for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height scores. Independent sample t-tests identified significant differences in anthropometric indices based on the type of milk consumed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between milk consumption and other predictors of growth failures. The prevalence of stunting was 24⋅1 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 20⋅5, 28⋅3] of pre-schoolers, 34⋅8 % (95 % CI 29⋅9, 39⋅6) were wasted and 34⋅7 % (95 % CI 30⋅1, 39⋅9) were underweight. Higher proportions of BM-fed children were severely stunted, wasted and underweight compared with CaM consumers. Using logistic regression models, children who consumed BM [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2⋅10; 95 % CI 1⋅22, 3⋅61] and who were anaemic (AOR: 4⋅22; 95 % CI 2⋅23, 7⋅98) were more likely to be stunted than their counterparts, while girls were less likely to be stunted than boys (AOR: 0⋅57; 95 % CI 0⋅34, 0⋅94). Similarly, children who consumed BM (AOR: 1⋅97; 95 % CI 1⋅20, 3⋅24), who were anaemic (AOR: 2⋅27; 95 % CI 1⋅38, 3⋅72) and who drank unsafe water (AOR: 1⋅91; 95 % CI 1⋅19, 3⋅07) were more likely to be underweight than their counterparts. In conclusion, CaM consumption was associated with lower prevalence of stunting and underweight than BM. Promoting CaM in pastoralist areas may help to curb the high level of undernutrition.

scholarly journals Parental Engagement and Adolescents Mental Health Wellbeing: Cross-Sectional Study from Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Gajarishiyan Rasalingam ◽  
◽  
Arrosan Rajalingam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Parents And Children

Background: Parental engagement is one of the key factors that can influence adolescents mentalhealth status, although these associations are not fully measured in the local context. This study willestimate the prevalence and association of parental engagement with adolescents and mental healthstatus in Sri Lanka. Method: This current study is a secondary analysis of nationally representativedata for Sri Lanka. The data was collected from 3262 school attending students in grades 8-12 inthe Sri Lankan Global School-based health survey (GSHS) 2016. A two-stage cluster sample designwas used to select the representation of samples. The binary variables i.e. loneliness, anxiety andsuicidal ideation, were modelled using multivariable logistic regression models with predictorsrepresenting gender, age, grade, parental supervision and parental understanding. Result: It isestimated that the prevalence of parental supervision and parental understanding is 85.3% and78.5%, respectively. The analysis of both good parental supervision and parenting understandinghas reduced the loneliness, anxiety and suicidal thoughts among the adolescents population,compared to those who don't have good parental engagement. Conclusion: It is seen that there isa higher prevalence of parental and children engagement in Sri Lanka compared to otherdemographical regions. However, the prevalence of mental health remains higher as compared tothe global average. The results suggest that national policies and programs should be integrated forboth parents and children. Parents need more knowledge on good parenting, while adolescents needsupport on coping with their mental health.

scholarly journals Analysis of oral risk-factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademar Takahama ◽  
Vitoria Iaros de Sousa ◽  
Elisa Emi Tanaka ◽  
Evelise Ono ◽  
Fernanda Akemi Nakanishi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Objective: This a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between oral health findings and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). Material and Methods: Data were collected from medical records, and a detailed oral physical examination was performed on 663 critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Data were statistically analysed using univariate and logistic regression models relating the development of VAP with the oral findings. Results: At oral physical examination, the most frequent findings were tooth loss (568 - 85.67%), coated tongue (422 - 63.65%) and oral bleeding (192 - 28.96%). Patients with a coated tongue or oral bleeding on the first day of ICU hospitalization developed more VAP than did patients without these conditions (20.14% vs 13.69%: p=0.02; 23.44% vs 15.50%: p=0.01, respectively). In the logistic regression, a coated tongue and oral bleeding were considered independent risk factors for VAP development [OR=1.60 (1.02-2.47) and OR=1.59 (1.05 – 2.44), respectively]. Conclusions: The presence of a coated tongue and oral bleeding in ICU admission could be considered markers for the development of VAP. Clinical relevance: The results of this paper reinforces the importance of proper maintenance of oral hygiene before intubation, which may lead to a decrease in the incidence of VAP in the ICU. This is particularly important in the COVID-19 current scenario, where more people are expected to need mechanical ventilation, consequently increasing cases of VAP.

scholarly journals Infrastructural Challenges Lead to Delay of Curative Radiotherapy in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Leng ◽  
Atara I. Ntekim ◽  
Abiola Ibraheem ◽  
Chidinma P. Anakwenze ◽  
Daniel W. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Curative Radiotherapy

PURPOSE In low- and middle-income countries, there has been an exponential increase in cancer incidence. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the biggest gap in radiotherapy availability and need is in Nigeria, where each machine serves an estimated 25.7 million people. This study aimed to characterize the barriers to radiotherapy and to identify areas for intervention. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, from June 2017 to August 2017. Demographic, sociocultural, and infrastructural factors relating to radiotherapy were collected through a questionnaire (N = 186). Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the factors leading to delays in referral and delays in treatment initiation. RESULTS Patients traveled from 20 of Nigeria’s 36 states. The median age was 50 years (range, 19-79 years). The most common cancers treated were breast (37.5%), cervical (16.3%), head and neck (11.9%), and prostate (10.9%). In ordinal logistic regression, sociocultural factors, including the inability to pay (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; P = .034), a bad hospital experience (OR, 7.05; P = .001), and travel time (OR, 1.36; P = .001), increased the odds of referral delay to radiotherapy. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between time to treatment initiation and sociocultural factors including age, education, and inability to pay. Infrastructural barriers, including machine breakdown (OR, 2.92; P = .001), worker strikes (OR, 2.64; P = .001), and power outages (OR, 2.81; P = .022), increased the odds of treatment delay. CONCLUSION Although delays caused by patient factors are reported extensively, patients overcame these barriers in the hopes of curative treatment. However, staff and equipment malfunctions prevented patients from receiving timely radiotherapy. Policies aimed at addressing machine maintenance, health care worker satisfaction, and the aging power grid in Nigeria must be implemented in the future to strengthen the health care system to care for patients with cancer.

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