scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and The Presence of Circular Plasmids in Bacillus Cereus Isolates of Clinical and Food Origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjaša Cerar Kišek ◽  
Nežka Pogačnik ◽  
Karmen Godič Torkar
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Pfge Profiles

Abstract The diversity of 61 Bacillus cereus strains isolated from different clinical specimens, food including raw milk and milk products, and water was evaluated. PFGE analysis could discriminate 61 distinct pulsotypes with similarity levels from 25 to 82%, which were divided into 13 clonal complexes. The similarity between clonal complexes was at least 40%. Clinical strains were divided into 10 clonal complexes, while the strains, isolated from milk, food and water were included in 9, 6 and 6 clonal complexes, respectively. Three clonal complexes were dominated by clinical isolates, while they were absent in two complexes. Bacterial isolates from foods, being a probable source of alimentary toxoinfection, showed low similarity to isolates from stool specimens. The isolates from both sources were classified together in only 4 out of 13 clonal complexes. The large circular and linear plasmids with the sizes between 50 and 200 kb were detected in 24 (39.3%) and 14 (23%) B. cereus strains, respectively. Thirteen (21.3%) strains contained only one plasmid, two plasmids were found in 6 (9.8%) of strains, and three or more plasmids were obtained in 5 (8.2%) of tested strains. The plasmids were confirmed in 30.8% and 40% of isolates from clinical specimens and food and milk samples, respectively. No clear correlation between the PFGE profiles, the source as well as plasmid content among all tested strains was observed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Amanuel Balemi ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Kebede Amenu ◽  
Sisay Girma ◽  
Muuz Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

Detection of Bacillus cereus Diarrheal Enterotoxin in Raw and Pasteurized Milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH A. ODUMERU ◽  
ANN K. TONER ◽  
C. ANNE MUCKLE ◽  
MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS ◽  
JOHN A. LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Raw and pasteurized milk samples submitted for routine quality analysis were screened for the presence of Bacillus cereus diarrheal enterotoxin (BDE) using the TECRA BDE Visual Immunoassay (VIA) kit. BDE was not detected in 298 raw milk samples tested by the TECRA VIA. B. cereus was isolated from 2 of 298 (0.7%) raw milk samples cultured. Culture supernatants from these isolates were positive for BDE in the TECRA VIA but negative in the Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) test for BDE. Forty-three of 112 (38.4%) pasteurized milk samples incubated at 10°C until their expiry dates were positive for BDE by the TECRA VIA. The same number of samples incubated at 4°C had no detectable levels of enterotoxin. B. cereus in the range of 103 to 106 CFU/ml was isolated from all BDE-positive pasteurized milk samples. BDE was detected in the culture supernatants of all the 43 isolates by TECRA VIA and in 30 of these isolates by RPLA. These results demonstrate that moderate temperature abuse of pasteurized milk may allow the growth of B. cereus and BDE production.

THE ROLE OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN SWEET CURDLING OF FLUID MILK

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Overcast ◽  
Krishnaswamy Atmaram
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Pseudomonas Fragi ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Heat Activation

Twenty-eight percent of commercially pasteurized milk samples procured from various plants throughout Tennessee exhibited sweet-curdling within 10 days on refrigerated storage. Psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus was isolated as a causative organism from these milk samples. The isolates differed from the type culture organism only in their ability to grow and bring about sweet curd formation in skimmilk at refrigeration temperature. These isolates exhibited marked differences in their response to heat activation temperatures as well as to the initial excessive growth of Pseudomonas species in raw milk. Spores of three isolates exhibited greater activity after activation at 80 C for 15 sec than at the standard pasteurization temperature of 71.5 C for 15 sec. Excessive growth of Pseudomonas fragi or Pseudomonas fluorescens in raw skimmilk before processing had a stimulatory effect on two of three psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus isolates in combination with heat-activation especially with activation at 80 C for 15 sec.

scholarly journals Study About Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Bovine

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Safana A. S. AL-Taan ◽  
Asmaa H. AL-Jobori ◽  
Anton S. AL-Bana.
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Living Bacteria

Out of 100 raw milk samples collected from one hundred cows infected with mastitis, thirty three isolates of different types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated using different types of selective media.  On the basis of traditional bacteriological tests, these isolates were identified as the following: 13 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 9 isolates of B-haemolytic Streptococci, 6 isolates of Coliform bacteria, 4 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes, and only one isolate Bacillus cereus.  In addition to these isolates, a number of non-pathogenic bacteria were recovered during the isolation and they were considered as contaminants of milk such as S. epidermidis, C. bovis and B. subtilus.  The total number of living bacteria present in milk samples was measured and it was ranged from (1400 to 1800) bact./ml.  The isolates of pathogenic bacteria were tested for their sensitivity to different types of antibiotics and the results were: 100% of these isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Tetracycline, 11 (84.6%) isolates of S. aureus, 6(66.2%) isolates of B-hacmolytic Streptococci , 4(66.2%) isolates of Coliform bacteria and 3(75%)  es of C. pyogenes were sensitive to Ampicillin, Penicillin, Erythromycin and Cepholexin. While Bacillus cereus isolate was resistant to all these antibiotics.  As a result of this work, generally the bacteriological quality of this milk is acceptable due to the low number of viable count of bacteria in   milk and the isolates showed high level of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in this study.

scholarly journals Detection of Bacillus cereus isolated during ultra high temperature milk production flowchart through random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Centola Vidal ◽  
Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior ◽  
Irlan Leite de Abreu ◽  
Karina Paes Bürger ◽  
Marita Vedovelli Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Health Authorities

ABSTRACT: The present study focused on isolation Bacillus cereus during the UHT milk production and shelf life, to assess the enterotoxigenic production capacity of isolates and to evaluate the use of the RAPD-PCR technique to verify whether Bacillus cereus isolated at different phases of UHT milk processing belongs to the same strain. For this, six groups of milk samples composed of raw, pasteurized and UHT milk were collected from a processing plant. The results revealed that bacteria belonging to the Bacillus cereus group were isolated from 51.6%, 81.6% and from 13.8% of raw, pasteurized and UHT milk samples, respectively. About 50.0% of isolates from raw milk, 19.2% isolates from pasteurized milk and 70.7% isolates from UHT milk were capable of producing enterotoxins. It was confirmed the genetic similarity among Bacillus cereus isolates from raw, pasteurized and UHT milk, therefore demonstrating that the microorganism is able to withstand UHT treatment. These results should serve as a warning to health authorities, given that 13.8% of samples were not in accordance with standards established by the Department of Health for containing a potentially pathogen agent, therefore indicating that contamination of milk by sporulating bacteria should be avoided.

scholarly journals Psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and PFGE profiles of Bacillus cereus isolated from different foods and spices

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayriye Yeşim Can ◽  
Mehmet Elmalı ◽  
Alper Karagöz ◽  
Hüseyin Burak Dişli
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
Pfge Profiles ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

ABSTRACT: Bacillus cereus is an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, and it is found naturally in soil and poses a risk factor for the contamination of food and foodstuffs including cereals, vegetables, spices, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, meats, milk, and dairy products. This study determined the prevalence of B. cereus in raw poultry meat, raw cow’s milk, cheese, spices, and RTE foods in Hatay province. The study also analysed the psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of the isolates. The levels of contamination with B. cereus determined for cheese, raw milk, RTE foods, spices, and raw poultry meat were 16.6%, 34.2%, 42.8%, 49%, and 55.5%, respectively. B. cereus was isolated from 84 (42%) of the 200 samples analysed and the 84 isolates were verified by PCR analysis targeting the haemolysin gene specific for B. cereus. Of the total isolates, 64 (76.1%) were psychrotrophic. The toxin gene profiling of B. cereus isolates was determined by amplifying the four genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and ces. The nhe and cytK genes were most frequently detected in the isolates, while the hbl and ces genes were not found. In addition, a high genetic relationship between the isolates was detected at a 92% similarity level by PFGE analysis. In conclusion, the occurrence of both psychrotrophic and toxigenic B. cereus strains in this study indicated a potential risk for food spoilage and food poisoning.

scholarly journals Study About Pathogenic Bacteria Associated With Bovine Mastitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Safana A. S. AL-Taan ◽  
Asmaa H. AL-Jobori ◽  
Anton S. AL-Bana.
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level

Out of 100 raw milk samples collected from one hundred cows infected with mastitis, thirty three isolates of different types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated using different types of selective media.  On the basis of traditional bacteriological tests, these isolates were identified as the following: 13 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 9 isolates of B-haemolytic Streptococci, 6 isolates of Coliform bacteria, 4 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes, and only one isolate Bacillus cereus.  In addition to these isolates, a number of non-pathogenic bacteria were recovered during the isolation and they were considered as contaminants of milk such as S. epidermidis, C. bovis and B. subtilus.  The total number of living bacteria present in milk samples was measured and it was ranged from (1400 to 1800) bact./ml.  The isolates of pathogenic bacteria were tested for their sensitivity to different types of antibiotics and the results were: 100% of these isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Tetracycline, 11 (84.6%) isolates of S. aureus, 6(66.2%) isolates of B-hacmolytic Streptococci , 4(66.2%) isolates of Coliform bacteria and 3(75%)  es of C. pyogenes were sensitive to Ampicillin, Penicillin, Erythromycin and Cepholexin. While Bacillus cereus isolate was resistant to all these antibiotics.  As a result of this work, generally the bacteriological quality of this milk is acceptable due to the low number of viable count of bacteria in  milk and the isolates showed high level of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in this study.

scholarly journals Methods for detection of Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis in raw milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S55-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Němečková ◽  
K. Solichová ◽  
P. Roubal ◽  
B. Uhrová ◽  
E. Šviráková
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Mistaken Identity ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Media

Totally 75 raw milk samples were analysed with the methods employing the media compared &ndash; MYPA, PEMBA, Brilliance<sup>TM</sup> Bacillus cereus agar, and HiCrome Bacillus agar. The reference method with MYPA seems to be the most suitable for dairy plants laboratories because there is only low risk of mistaken identity. However, the samples containing miscellaneous micro-flora should be heat-inactivated before plating. Both positive and negative strains (totally 132) were isolated. Twelve strains, which could cause problems in the evaluation of the plates, were selected and identified by phenotyping and by PCR methods for Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis. The PCR methods differed in their selectivity within particular bacilli group, within genera Bacillus, and within raw milk microflora.

The Effectiveness of Amoxicillin and Cefalexin in Two Species from Staphylococcus and Bacillus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Rabie Mohammed Salih
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

In this study 60 milk samples collected from mastitic cows to isolates and identify bacterial agents. The percentage of isolates was as follows: Staphylococcus spp 52%, Bacillus spp 26%, Enteroccocispp 3%; microccus 3%, Nesseria 2%, Branhamella 3%, Clostridium 1%, Bordetella 2%, Enterobacteria 3%, Aeromonas 4%, Fusobacterium 1%. In sensitivity tests used two antibiotics Amoxicillin and Cephalexin against two highest isolates in this study (Staph spp and Bacillus spp and found: Staph. aureus and Staph. hyicus were resistant to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin relatively, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus cereus were susceptible to Amoxicllin and cephlaxin.

scholarly journals Growth and enterotoxin production of Bacillus cereus in cow, goat, and sheep milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S3-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Necidová ◽  
Šárka Bursová ◽  
Alena Skočková ◽  
Bohdana Janštová ◽  
Pavla Prachařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Enterotoxin Production

The aim of this study was to compare Bacillus cereus growth rates and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production in raw and pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk in terms of storage conditions. Milk samples were inoculated with B. cereus (CCM 2010), which produces diarrhoeal enterotoxins. Enterotoxin production was tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and the count of B. cereus was determined by the plate method. With raw cow milk, B. cereus growth and enterotoxin production can be completely suppressed; in raw goat and sheep milk, enterotoxin was produced at 22 °C. In pasteurized cow, goat, and sheep milk, the B. cereus count increased under all storage conditions, with more rapid growth being observed at 15 °C (sheep milk) and 22 °C (cow and goat milk). Enterotoxin presence was detected at 15 °C and 22 °C, and with pasteurized cow milk also at 8 °C. Our model experiments have determined that B. cereus multiplication and subsequent enterotoxin production depend on storage temperature and milk type.

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