scholarly journals Design and development of open source portable multi-functional three-dimensional bio-printing extrusion system for hydrogel-based scaffolds fabrication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Behrouzi ◽  
Mahmood Zali ◽  
Mahdi Muhaddesi ◽  
Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing has been shown up as a state of the art and creative technological solution to nowadays tissue engineering and stem cell research challenges toward human tissue regeneration and construction of artificial living organs. Thereby, using hydrogel-based bio-inks to 3D print living microenvironments is a crucial strategy to reconstruct basically functional living scaffolds in order to shape human living organs based on digital 3D computer-aided design (CAD) inputs. The focus of this paper lies on design and development of a portable multi-functional 3D bio-printing extruder for fabrication of hydrogel-based highly complex living tissues using advanced methods invented along this study. The presented article, precisely optimizes the process of fabricating 3D printed scaffolds by redesigning of an integrated gel-extrusion system capable of controlling the adjustability of thermal condition of bio-inks. Also a UV crosslink module is utilized in the bottom of the extruder to cure hydrogel scaffolds consisting of photo-reacting agents to provide a novel bio-printing experience for end users. As a result, the integrated extrusion system is easily portable and compatible with almost any computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Therefore, it could be simply installed on or removed from any CNC machine or fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing system considering that all the control units remain adjustable. The whole system parameters and the performance of tissue fabrication regarding this developed portable multi-functional 3D bio-printing extruder have been tested and practically confirmed. The thermal control system performance has also been simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Thus, certified documents have been provided and depicted in this paper.

Mechanical implementation services for rapid prototyping

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Ahn ◽  
S McMains ◽  
C H Séquin ◽  
P K Wright
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Trade Offs

Inspired by the metal oxide system implementation service (MOSIS) project, CyberCut is an experimental fabrication testbed for an Internet-accessible, computerized prototyping and machining service. Client-designers can create mechanical components, generally using our web-based computer aided design (CAD) system (available at http://cad.berkeley.edu ), and submit appropriate files to the server at Berkeley for process planning. CyberCut then utilizes an open-architecture, computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool for fabrication. Rapid tool path planning, novel fixturing techniques and sensor-based precision machining techniques allow the designer to take delivery of a component machined from high-strength materials with good tolerances, e.g. ±0.002in (0.05 mm). There are also instances where the complex geometry of a component cannot be prototyped on our three-axis machine tool. For these components use is made of solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies such as fused deposition modelling (FDM) to build a prototype of the design. Based on experience with this testbed, a new characterization of types of relationship, or ‘couplings’, between design and manufacturing has been developed using the three classifications ‘loose and repetitive’, ‘stiff and one-way’ or ‘strong and bidirectional’. These three couplings represent different trade-offs between ‘design flexibility’ and ‘guaranteed manufacturability’.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Infill Patterns on Mechanical Properties in FDM Process

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Aided Design

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is commonly used to print different products with highly complex features. Process parameters for FDM are divided into controllable or uncontrollable parameters. The most critical ones are built orientation, layer thickness, infill pattern, infill density, and nozzle diameter. This study investigates the effects of combined infill patterns in 3D printed products. Five patterns (solid, honeycomb, wiggle, grid, and rectilinear) were combined in samples to analyze their effects on mechanical properties for tensile strength analysis. Polylactic acid (PLA) samples were printed in different build orientations through two directions: flat and on-edge. The limitation was that the software and machine could not combine the infill patterns. Thus, the patterns were designed and assembled in computer aided design (CAD) software. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the patterns’ features and results showed honeycomb and grid have the highest strength while their weights were lighter compared to solid. Moreover, 0° samples in both flat and on-edge direction had the strongest layer adhesion and the best quality. In contrast, perpendicular samples like 60° and 75° showed poor adhesion and were the weakest specimens in both flat and on-edge, respectively. In brief, by increasing the build orientation, the strength decreases in this study.

A Robust True Direct-Print Technology for Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
T. Dutta Roy ◽  
C. M. Smith ◽  
P. A. Clark ◽  
K. H. Church
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Liquid Material ◽  
Print Process

Numerous solid freeform fabrication (SFF) or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been employed in the field of tissue engineering to fabricate specially organized three-dimensional (3-D) structures such as scaffolds. Some such technologies include, but are not limited to, laminated object manufacturing (LOM), three-dimensional printing (3-DP) or ink-jet printing, selective laser sintering (SLS), and fused deposition modeling (FDM). These techniques are capable of rapidly producing highly complex 3-D scaffolds or other biomedical structures with the aid of a computer-aided design (CAD) system. However, they suffer from lack of consistency and repeatability, since most of these processes are not fully controlled and cannot reproduce the previous work with accuracy. Also, these techniques (excluding FDM) are not truly direct-print processes. Certain material removing steps are involved, which in turn increases the complexity and the cost of fabrication. The FDM process has good repeatability; however, the materials that can be used are limited due to the high temperature needed to melt the feedstock. Some researchers also reported that the scaffolds fabricated by FDM lack consistency in the z-direction. In this paper, we will present a true direct-print technology for repeatedly producing scaffolds and other biomedical structures for tissue engineering with the aid of our Computer Aided Biological (CAB) tool. Unlike other SFF techniques mentioned above, our direct-print process fabricates scaffolds or other complex 3-D structures by extruding (dispensing) a liquid material onto the substrate with a prescribed pattern generated by a CAD program. This can be a layer-by-layer 2.5 dimension build or a true 3-D build. The dispensed liquid material then polymerizes or solidifies, to form a solid structure. The flexibility in the types of materials that can be extruded ranges from polymers to living cells, encapsulated in the proper material. True 3-D structures are now possible on a wide range of substrates, including even in vivo. Some of the advantages of the process are a) researchers have full control over the patterns to be created; b) it is a true direct-print process with no material removing steps involved; c) it is highly consistent and repeatable; and d) it is highly efficient and cost-effective. This paper will first give a detailed description of the CAB tool. Then, it will present a detailed process for printing polycaprolactone (PCL) into a defined 3-D architecture, where the primary focus for these constructs is for use in tissue engineering applications. Finally, mechanical characterization results of the printed scaffolds will be included in the paper.

3D printing of generative art using the assembly and deformation of direction-specified parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaususi Kanada
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Printing Direction

Purpose A methodology for designing and printing three-dimensional (3D) objects with specified printing-direction using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which was proposed by a previous paper, enables the expression of natural directions, such as hair, fabric or other directed textures, in modeled objects. This paper aims to enhance this methodology for creating various shapes of generative visual objects with several specialized attributes. Design/methodology/approach The proposed enhancement consists of two new methods and a new technique. The first is a method for “deformation”. It enables deforming simple 3D models to create varieties of shapes much more easily in generative design processes. The second is the spiral/helical printing method. The print direction (filament direction) of each part of a printed object is made consistent by this method, and it also enables seamless printing results and enables low-angle overhang. The third, i.e. the light-reflection control technique, controls the properties of filament while printing with transparent polylactic acid. It enables the printed objects to reflect light brilliantly. Findings The proposed methods and technique were implemented in a Python library and evaluated by printing various shapes, and it is confirmed that they work well, and objects with attractive attributes, such as the brilliance, can be created. Research limitations/implications The methods and technique proposed in this paper are not well-suited to industrial prototyping or manufacturing that require strength or intensity. Practical implications The techniques proposed in this paper are suited for generatively producing various a small number of products with artistic or visual properties. Originality/value This paper proposes a completely different methodology for 3D printing than the conventional computer-aided design (CAD)-based methodology and enables products that cannot be created by conventional methods.

scholarly journals A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications

Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yueyi Tian ◽  
ChunXu Chen ◽  
Xiaotong Xu ◽  
Jiayin Wang ◽  
Xingyu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Oral Implantology

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are advanced manufacturing technologies based on computer-aided design digital models to create personalized 3D objects automatically. They have been widely used in the industry, design, engineering, and manufacturing fields for nearly 30 years. Three-dimensional printing has many advantages in process engineering, with applications in dentistry ranging from the field of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology to orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontology. This review provides a practical and scientific overview of 3D printing technologies. First, it introduces current 3D printing technologies, including powder bed fusion, photopolymerization molding, and fused deposition modeling. Additionally, it introduces various factors affecting 3D printing metrics, such as mechanical properties and accuracy. The final section presents a summary of the clinical applications of 3D printing in dentistry, including manufacturing working models and main applications in the fields of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology. The 3D printing technologies have the advantages of high material utilization and the ability to manufacture a single complex geometry; nevertheless, they have the disadvantages of high cost and time-consuming postprocessing. The development of new materials and technologies will be the future trend of 3D printing in dentistry, and there is no denying that 3D printing will have a bright future.

scholarly journals Influence of Infill Patterns Generated by CAD and FDM 3D Printer on Surface Roughness and Tensile Strength Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7272
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin ◽  
Ahmad Serjouei ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Saghi Hatami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Wide Range

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a capable technology based on a wide range of parameters. The goal of this study is to make a comparison between infill pattern and infill density generated by computer-aided design (CAD) and FDM. Grid, triangle, zigzag, and concentric patterns with various densities following the same structure of the FDM machine were designed by CAD software (CATIA V5®). Polylactic acid (PLA) material was assigned for both procedures. Surface roughness (SR) and tensile strength analysis were conducted to examine their effects on dog-bone samples. Also, a finite element analysis (FEA) was done on CAD specimens to find out the differences between printing and simulation processes. Results illustrated that CAD specimens had a better surface texture compared to the FDM machine while tensile tests showed patterns generated by FDM were stronger in terms of strength and stiffness. In this study, samples with concentric patterns had the lowest average SR (Ra) while zigzag was the worst with the value of 6.27 µm. Also, the highest strength was obtained for concentric and grid samples in both CAD and FDM procedures. These techniques can be useful in producing highly complex sandwich structures, bone scaffolds, and various combined patterns to achieve an optimal condition.

Research on color 3D printing based on color adherence

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhua Yang ◽  
Xin-guang Lv ◽  
Xiao-jie Liu ◽  
Jia-qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Color Printing

Purpose This paper aims to present a method of color three-dimensional (3D) printing based on color adherence. Design/methodology/approach First, experiments of the color effects of 3D printings using different carriers and different printing methods were performed. Second, the color of a specific point could be calculated through a theory of dimension-reducing, and the color distribution of 3D model was transformed from 3D to 1D color line corresponding with 3D print sequence. At last, the color lines, which were printed on a PE film by silk-screen printing, was carried by a filament and then printed through a fused deposition modeling 3D printer. Findings The printing ink and PE film are suitable as the pigment and carrier under this investigation, respectively. Based on an idea of reducing dimension, the method of 3D color printing through adhering color to a filament is realized. The color saturation of the sample was relatively high through the method. Research limitations/implications It is hard to avoid that there may be some residual color in the nozzle through this method, and the purity of following color will be affected. As a result, continuous improvements should be made to perfect the method. Practical implications An approach of 3D color printing is described in detail, and what kind of model is more applicable is discussed particularly. Originality/value This approach is implemented to print color 3D objects with just one nozzle by means of color adherence. That is, printing the 3D objects using the filament is carried out with 1D color line, which is printed by a traditional printing method.

A Comparative Analysis of Different Rapid Prototyping Techniques for Making Intricately Shaped Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayisha Ali ◽  
Manoj Soni ◽  
Mohd Javaid ◽  
Abid Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Limited Edition ◽  
Manufacturing Productivity

Rapid Prototyping (RP) encompasses a group of technologies being used to produce a scaled model of a physical object using a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) data. The objective of this paper is to see how the manufacturing productivity of intricately shaped jewelry designs is possible using different RP techniques. In this research, we have used RP techniques for the efficient development and production of an intricately shaped jewelry structure, which otherwise is difficult to produce with existing technologies. The primary purpose of this research is to find the economical and efficient method for three-dimensional printing of artificial jewelry structures. Stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and Projet 3D printing technologies are used for the production of some intricate jewelry. By using RP, artificial jewelry makers can produce 3D printed parts quickly, and customize limited-edition jewelry as it enables the production of beautiful and colorful pieces that previously required large-scale, complex and expensive machinery.

scholarly journals High-resolution two-photon polymerization: the most versatile technique for the fabrication of microneedle arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Faraji Rad ◽  
Philip D. Prewett ◽  
Graham J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Microneedle Arrays ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

AbstractMicroneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Microneedles are manufactured using a variety of additive and subtractive micromanufacturing techniques. In the last decade, much attention has been paid to using additive manufacturing techniques in both research and industry, such as 3D printing, fused deposition modeling, inkjet printing, and two-photon polymerization (2PP), with 2PP being the most flexible method for the fabrication of microneedle arrays. 2PP is one of the most versatile and precise additive manufacturing processes, which enables the fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) prototypes directly from computer-aided-design (CAD) models with a resolution down to 100 nm. Due to its unprecedented flexibility and high spatial resolution, the use of this technology has been widespread for the fabrication of bio-microdevices and bio-nanodevices such as microneedles and microfluidic devices. This is a pioneering transformative technology that facilitates the fabrication of complex miniaturized structures that cannot be fabricated with established multistep manufacturing methods such as injection molding, photolithography, and etching. Thus, microstructures are designed according to structural and fluid dynamics considerations rather than the manufacturing constraints imposed by methods such as machining or etching processes. This article presents the fundamentals of 2PP and the recent development of microneedle array fabrication through 2PP as a precise and unique method for the manufacture of microstructures, which may overcome the shortcomings of conventional manufacturing processes.

Computer Aided Design and Three-Dimensional Modeling of High-Order Deformed Elliptical Gear

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Zhi Dong Huang ◽  
An Min Hui ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Order ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Pitch Curve ◽  
Aided Design

The characteristics of high-order deformed elliptical gear is analyzed. The parameters of high-order deformed elliptical gear are chosen and calculated. The modeling method of high-order deformed elliptical gear is presented. The shape of pitch curve is determined. The position and orientation of gear teeth are clarified. The three-dimensional solid model of high-order deformed elliptical gear is achieved. The method and the result facilitate finite element analysis and numerical control machining simulation of high-order deformed elliptical gear.

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