scholarly journals Cesarean Section: Risk Factors Threatening the Health of the Mother, the Fetus and Newborn: A Grounded Theory Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnush Mostafayi ◽  
Behzad Imani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Abstract Background: The excessive increase of cesarean section and the mother's attitude towards performing a cesarean section, despite the health-related complications for mother, fetus, and newborn, are a current global concern. Identifying risk factors can be effective in reducing the maternal and infant mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore risk factors threatening the health of the mother, fetus, and newborn in cesarean section.Methods: The present study is a grounded theory which was performed from December 2019 to July 2020 in Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan / Iran. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit Gynecologist, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, operating room and anesthesia experts, and midwives working in the operating room. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants. Constant comparative analysis together with data collection. The analysis included open, axial, and selective coding to achieve data saturation. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) were applied.Results: After analyzing the data, 8 sub-categories and 3 main categories were extracted. The three main themes extracted from the interviews were as follows: (1) Background factors with sub-categories “high-risk pregnancy, unusual fetus, and background risk factor ", (2) Environmental factors with sub-categories "poor operating room facilities, lack of proper electro-surgery safety measures, excessive workload" and (3) Human factors with sub-categories "lack of medical team skills and by individual error of the medical team ".Conclusion: The results of this study provide an in-depth look at the risk factors threatening the health of the Mother, the Fetus and Newborn in cesarean section. According to the results of this study, obstetrics and gynecology operating rooms can prevent the occurrence of risks by using appropriate management methods and provide safe care to patients.

Iranian nurses’ perceptions of social responsibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Faseleh-Jahromi ◽  
Marzieh Moattari ◽  
Hamid Peyrovi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Job Levels ◽  
Nurses Perceptions ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Social responsibility is intertwined with nursing; however, perceptions of Iranian nurses about social responsibility has not been explored yet. This study, as part of a larger qualitative grounded theory approach study, aims to explore Iranian nurses’ perception of social responsibility. The study participants included 10 nurses with different job levels. The study data were generated through semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling approach, which was then followed by theoretical sampling until reaching the point of data saturation. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through constant comparative analysis. Positive human characteristics, professional competencies, professional values, solution-focused nursing care, and deployment of professional performance are five categories obtained from the study. The participants believed socially responsible nurses to have positive personality characteristics as well as the necessary skills to do their duties accurately. Such nurses also respect the values, observe the professional principles, and take major steps toward promotion and deployment of the nursing profession in the society.

scholarly journals Bullying in Graduate School: Its Nature and Effects

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Gentry ◽  
Bernard Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
School Context ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Bullying Behaviors ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Does bullying exist in graduate school? If so, what does it look like? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 graduate students from various departments at a medium-sized, Midwestern U.S. university. Grounded Theory methodology (Glaser, 1978) was utilized to gain insight into the terms and behaviors students used to define bullying in the graduate school context. Through constant comparative analysis (Stern, 1980), categories emerged that provided an understanding of the different perspectives inherent in a bully system, and the meanings attached to bullying behaviors. These findings can provide administrators and counselors with the information necessary to conduct preventative training to help students interact in a more professional, inclusive manner.

scholarly journals Challenges of clinical education in the operating room from the teachers' viewpoint: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-137
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Data Saturation

Introduction: Clinical education is an ever-lasting requirement in educational settings for students and faculty. However, it is associated with numerous challenges that can have an impact on the efficacy of both the students and the teachers. The challenge can be more prominent in specialized environments such as the operating room. In this qualitative study, we have tried to identify these challenges and provide solutions to them. Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis study was performed with the incorporation of seven operating room and anesthesiology instructors of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The required questions were first collected and subsequently posed as interviews in the operating room setting. Data were collected through the recording of semi-structured interviews and until the data saturation. Results: Research findings are reported in three themes and nine categories. The main themes were organizational structure, planning, and human resources, each of which with specific categories and/or subcategories as per the subject matter. In terms of organizational structure, the most serious challenges comprised a lack of welfare facilities and problems in the field of education, such as non-specialization of operating rooms and limited physical space. The challenges related to planning comprised of a lack of student self-evaluation, delay in surgery initiation, and a large number of students in various fields. As for the human resource challenges, the most apparent problems were insufficient education delivered to students before their entrance to the operating room and the lack of familiarity of officials with the operating room environment. Conclusions: Given the questions posed to and the answers received from the instructors, most of the problems in the operating rooms in terms of education are related to the infrastructure-associated problems in the operating room and the studentschr('39') approach to the operating room. Despite the enormous efforts of the instructors in education, as they were respondents in the study, it could not be clarified how the problems in human resource and teacher dimensions could help solve the overall problems, suggesting that further research is required with the help of students and other groups involved in education in the operating room.

scholarly journals Explaining the Concept of Re-experiencing Abusive Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Zinatsadat Mirpour ◽  
◽  
Mohammadali Rahmani ◽  
Shohreh Ghorbanshiroodi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Introduction: Choosing an emotional partner is an important occasion that profoundly affects various aspects of life; however, many relationships fail, and people face a vicious cycle of unhealthy and harmful relationships. Objective: This study aimed to explain the concept of re-experiencing harmful relationships. Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study done with the Grounded Theory (GT) approach done using the purposive sampling method until data saturation. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes. In this study, 8 victims of harmful relationships and 8 psychologists were interviewed. Each interview lasted 25 to 55 minutes and was digitally recorded. Data analysis was performed along with data collection by Strauss and Corbin’s constant comparative analysis. Using Lincoln and Guba criteria, the accuracy and strength of this research were confirmed. Results: The open coding results indicated that 47 concepts could effectively frame the pattern of re-experiencing unhealthy relationships. In the axial coding stage, the concepts were classified into 8 general categories. Finally, in the selective coding stage, the phenomenon of “harmful relationships” was extracted as a significant category. The central coding paradigm consisted of 8 key features: perceived violence, psychological symptoms, unhealthy relationship strategies, dark personality traits, emotion regulation problems, retention factors, family harms, self-breaking behaviors. Each includes subclasses with specific characteristics. Conclusion: The results showed that harmful relationships are complex, dynamic, continuous, and intervened with the contextual conditions, retention factors, causal conditions, and intervening conditions. So it is necessary to develop and present psychological programs and interventions based on these problems.

scholarly journals Informal coercion during childbirth: risk factors and prevalence estimates from a nationwide survey among women in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Oelhafen ◽  
Manuel Trachsel ◽  
Settimio Monteverde ◽  
Luigi Raio ◽  
Eva Cignacco Müller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Migrant Background ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Informal Coercion

AbstractBackgroundIn many countries, the increase in facility births is accompanied by a high rate of obstetric interventions. Lower birthrates or elevated risk factors such as women’s higher age at childbirth and thus a higher need for control and security cannot entirely explain this rise in obstetric interventions. Another potential factor is that women feel coerced to agree to interventions; however, the prevalence of coercive interventions is unknown.MethodsIn a nationwide cross-sectional online survey, we assessed mothers’ satisfaction with childbirth and the prevalence of informal coercion during childbirth and of women at risk for postpartum depression. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the risk associated with multiple individual and contextual factors. Women at least 18 years old who gave birth in Switzerland within the previous 12 months were recruited online via Facebook ads or offline via various channels.ResultsA total of 6’054 women completed the questionnaire (drop-out rate 16.2%). An estimated 26.7% experience some form of informal coercion during childbirth. Having a cesarean section or instrumental vaginal birth was associated with an increased risk to experience informal coercion (all risk ratios > 1.5). The risk was also increased for women with a migrant background, women living in more urban regions and women with a risk pregnancy. Also, women to whom having a self-determined vaginal birth is important reported on informal coercion more often. Being at risk for postpartum depression was mostly associated with having an emergency cesarean section, having been transferred to hospital and the experience of informal coercion. Also, women with a migrant background seem to be at a higher risk to develop postpartum depression or having other mental health issues. Finally, women who had a non-instrumental vaginal birth reported higher satisfaction with childbirth experience and women who experienced informal coercion reported lower satisfaction.ConclusionsOne in four women experience informal coercion during childbirth, and this experience is associated with being at risk for postpartum depression and lower satisfaction with childbirth. Health care professionals should make every effort to prevent informal coercion and ensure sensitive aftercare for all new mothers in order to prevent traumatic effects.

Assessment of Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Performance and Latch Score: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Fadiloglu ◽  
Esra Karatas ◽  
Ruya Tez ◽  
Murat Cagan ◽  
Canan Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Skin To Skin

Abstract Objective To determine the risk factors that may affect LATCH scores. Materials and Methods We prospectively evaluated the LATCH scores and any relevant risk factors of patients who delivered at our institution during April and May 2020. All examinations were performed by the same physicians during the study period. LATCH scores were determined at initial breastfeeding session, and postnatal days 1 and 2. Results We analyzed 338 patients in this prospective study. Patients with high-risk pregnancies were found to have lower LATCH scores at each measurement (p: 0.002, 0.001, and 0.09, respectively). Skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery and breastfeeding longer than 20 min in the first session did not improve LATCH scores (p>0.05). Breastfeeding within 30 min after delivery significantly improved LATCH scores at each session (p<0.01 for all). Odds ratios of having a LATCH score lower than 8 was 10.9 (95% CI: 4.22−28.37) for the patients breastfed after more than 30 min, while this ratio was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.34−3.50) and 6.5 (95% CI: 3.46−12.58) for the patients having a high-risk pregnancy and cesarean section, respectively. Furthermore, we also determined a positive statistically significant association between parity and all LATCH scores according to regression analyses (p: 0.005, 0.028, and 0.035 for LATCH scores at initial breastfeeding, postnatal day 1 and 2, respectively) Conclusion High-risk pregnancies, patients who delivered by cesarean section, and patients not attempting to breastfeed within 30 min tend to have lower LATCH scores.

How primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis cope with social isolation: a grounded theory study in an Iranian context

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Mohseni Takalu ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽  
Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽  
Ebrahim Pishyareh ◽  
Hossein Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Background/aims Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease that can significantly impact the psychosocial aspects of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. This study explored the process of social isolation among primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis in Kerman, Iran. Methods A grounded theory approach was employed to explore the various aspects of social isolation. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews with 15 primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis, 13 individuals with multiple sclerosis and five health care providers who were selected based on purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were analysed via constant comparative analysis. Results The core variable identified from the interviews was social isolation. Other concepts that were connected with this were: insufficient knowledge and awareness, escaping stigma, occupational difficulties, marital challenges and management of restrictions. Conclusions Social isolation can affect the wellbeing of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Recognition and awareness of the process of social isolation and factors influencing it can be beneficial in designing theory-driven evaluation and intervention methods. It is recommended that rehabilitation specialists pay close attention to the common needs and interests of both individuals with multiple sclerosis and their primary caregivers.

Disaster Health-Related Challenges and Requirements: A Grounded Theory Study in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽  
Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh ◽  
Eva Johanson ◽  
Rakhshandeh Mohammadi ◽  
Fazlollah Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Health Related

AbstractBackground: Despite frequent disasters caused by natural hazards, concern has been raised regarding the effectiveness of disaster health services in disaster-prone countries such as Iran. The purpose of this study was to explore, in relation to health disaster management, the experiences and perceptions of individuals who responded or were affected by a recent Iranian earthquake disaster.Methods: This study was conducted using grounded theory. Study participants included members of a multidisciplinary disaster response team as well as residents of the community affected by the earthquake (n = 29). Data collection included semi-structured interviews, field notes, and reviews of narratives.Results: The findings of this study indicate that the lack of planning, inadequate organizational management of resources, insufficient coordination in the provision of health services during the disaster, and the manner of participation of international relief efforts were the most important barriers to adequate disaster healthcare services delivery during the 2003 Bam Iranian earthquake.Conclusions: This study supports the value of health service managers coordinating the appropriate use of international aid in advance. It is suggested that this can be done by better communication with local and foreign constituents. Further, this study indicates that public education and proper pre-event planning help to bring about an effective response to providing healthcare services during a disaster.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcome in low risk pregnancy with decreased amniotic fluid index

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Swathi Bhat ◽  
Ambika H. E. ◽  
Lepakshi B. G. ◽  
Savitha C. S.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Low Risk Pregnancy

Background: To evaluate whether oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) has any significance in the outcome of low risk pregnancies. Normal amniotic fluid index in pregnancy is one of the indicators of fetal well-being.  In a term pregnancy, oligohydramnios, a condition associated with AFI≤5, could be a sign of placental insufficiency. An association of low AFI with complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, consistently leads to poor fetal outcome. A need to deliver the fetus by cesarean section often arises. Occasionally one comes across a full-term pregnancy with AFI ≤5 with no known high risk factors; this could lead to increased cesarean section rates. Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate if AFI ≤5 in the absence of other risk factors has any significance on obstetric outcome.Methods: Prospective case controlled study was done. Fifty women with term pregnancies and (AFI≤5) cm not associated with any other high risk factors were enrolled for the study. They were matched with fifty controls with normal AFI.Results: Except for a slight increase in variable deceleration in the study group, no differences were noted with fetal heart rate recordings in NST.  Decreased AFI was not associated with increased cesarean section rates, instrumental deliveries or meconium stained amniotic fluid. Severe asphyxia, NICU admission or perinatal mortality was not noted in either group.Conclusions: When a low risk pregnancy is associated with Oligohydramnios (AFI≤5), it does not have any deleterious effect on labor outcome or perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals Hvordan kan en forskningstilnærming bidra til å vektlegge lærerens stemme ved studie av utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Anja Gabrielsen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

I denne metodologistudien drøftes anvendelse av konstruktivistisk grounded theory på et datamateriale med intervjuer av lærere med erfaring i utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling (UBU). Siden flere studier peker på et gap mellom målene for UBU og hva som foregår i skolene, kan en tilnærming hvor lærernes stemmer vektlegges gi et viktig bidrag inn i forskningsfeltet. Både datainnsamling med semi-strukturerte intervju og den innledende kodingen bidro til å løfte fram lærernes perspektiv, mens den fokuserte kodingen ble tydeligere preget av forskerens valg, og i sterkere grad gjenspeiler forskerens stemme. Samtidig bidrar den konstant komparative analysen mellom rådata, koder og kategorier til å holde tolkningene nær opp til det som kom fram i intervjuene. Det omfattende kvalitative datamaterialet reduseres og kategoriseres gjennom analyseprosess¬ene, og sentrale kategorier ses i sammenheng som et begynnende rammeverk for videre praksisnær forskning og utvikling. I Stortingsmelding 28 om fornyelse av Kunnskapsløftet vektlegges både opplæringssystemets ansvar for å gi elevene kompetanse for en bærekraftig utvikling og et utviklingsorientert lærerkollegium som reflekterer over forskningsbasert kunnskap kombinert med erfaringer fra egen praksis (Meld. St. 28, 2015–2016). Denne artikkelen viser hvordan en forskningstilnærming kan bidra til å framskaffe kunnskap med utgangspunkt i praksis, innenfor et nytt satsingsområde i skolen.Nøkkelord: forskning på praksis, konstruktivistisk grounded theory, utdanning for bærekraftig utviklingEmphasizing the teacher’s voice through a research approach in education for sustainable developmentAbstractThis study of methodology discusses an application of constructivist grounded theory on data from interviews with teachers experienced in education for sustainable development (ESD). Since several studies indicate a gap between the objectives of ESD and its implementation in schools, an approach where the teachers’ voice is emphasized could make an important contribution to this field of research. The data collection with semi-structured interviews and the initial coding both helped maintaining a focus on the teachers’ perspective, while the focused coding was a process clearly marked by the researcher’s choices. At the same time, the constant comparative analysis of the raw data, codes and cate¬gories keeps the interpretations close to the information in the interviews. The comprehensive qualitative data is reduced and systematized through the processes of analysis, in which key categories are seen in context as an initial framework for further research and development of practice. In White Paper no 28 concerning the renewal of the national curriculum, the government emphasizes the educational system’s responsibility to provide students with competences for a sustainable development, together with a development-oriented teacher staff able to reflect on research-based knowledge in combination with experiences from their own practice (Meld. St. 28, 2015–2016). This article indicates ways in which a research approach can contribute to knowledge production based on practice, within a new focus area in school.Keywords: research on practice, constructivist grounded theory, education for sustainable development

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