scholarly journals Production and characterization of the maximum liquid product obtained from co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and thermocol waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowhm Swain Mohapatra ◽  
Raghubansh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid

Abstract The current study explores co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, and thermocol waste in a semi-batch reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature, and blending ratio on yield of products, and reaction time, and thereby characterize the maximum liquid product. The properties of liquid product (bio-oil), and the solid product (bio-char) obtained from thermal sugarcane bagasse, and co-pyrolysis sugarcane bagasse: thermocol waste bio-oil were investigated for physicochemical characterizations. The compositional analysis result of the co-pyrolysis liquid product established the presence of several aromatic compounds. The co-pyrolysis liquid product manifested a higher calorific value, carbon, and hydrogen content as compared to sugarcane bagasse thermal pyrolysis bio-oil. The co-pyrolysis liquid product can be used as a liquid fuel in internal combustion engines, as well as a precursor for value-added chemicals. The properties of bio-char suggested it can be used as a solid fuel, as well as an adsorbent.

scholarly journals Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000
Author(s):  
Santiyo Wibowo ◽  
Lisna Efiyanti ◽  
Gustan Pari
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Bio Oil

The world’s potency of fossil-derived petroleum fuels has declined steadily, while its consumption continues to rise ominously. Therefore, several countries have started to develop renewable fuels like bio-oil from biomass. Relevantly, the aim of this research was to explore the technical feasibility of upgrading the qualities of crude bio-oil (CBO) produced from the pyrolysis on oil-palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Ni/NZA catalyst in a batch reactor. The natural zeolite (NZ) was activated by HCL 6 N and NH4Cl (obtained sample NZA). Supporting Ni onto NZA was conducted with an impregnation method using a salt precursor of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O followed by calcination with a temperature of 500 °C. Catalyst characterization includes determining the site of TO4 (T = Si or Al) in zeolites, acidity, crystallinity, and catalyst morphology. Cracking reaction of CBO was carried out in batch reactor in varied temperatures of 250 and 300 °C with the variation of catalyst weight of 0, 4, 6, and 8% toward CBO. Several analyses of the liquid product such as product yield, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, calorific value, and chemical compound were conducted. The results showed that acidification and Ni loading on zeolite samples increased their acidity. The optimum CBO’s cracking condition was judged to be the temperature of 300 °C with 6% Ni/NZA catalyst use, whereby the fuel yield reached 26.42% and dominated by particular compounds comprising phenol, octanoic acid, and alkane hydrocarbons. Under such conditions, the characteristics of fuel were pH 3.54, specific gravity 0.995, viscosity 14.3 cSt, and calorific value 30.85 MJ/kg.

scholarly journals PYROLYSIS OF ALANG – ALANG (IMPERATA CILINDRICA) AS BIOENERGY SOURCE IN BANTEN PROVINCE INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Fitriyah Fitriyah ◽  
Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Muhammad S. Abu Bakar ◽  
Neeranuch Phusunti
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bio Oil

Bahan bakar fosil sumber energi memiliki keterbatasan dan tidak terbarukan, penggunaan bahan bakar fosil secara terus menerus mengakibatkan krisis energy dan lingkungan. Rumput liar pada saat ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai generasi kedua biomasa. Hal ini memiliki keuntungan seperti tumbuh dengan cepat, mudah tumbuh, perawatan yang minimal, dapat tumbuh pada lahan kritis dan tersedia dalam jumlah yang banyak. Dalam upaya mengembangkan generasi kedua biomasa, penelitian ini secara sistematis memberikan perspektif ekologi dan teknologi proses dalam mengembangkan bioenergi dari alang – alang di Provinsi Banten. Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi alang – alang dilakukan untuk menentukan sifat – sifat dan potensi bioenergy. Sedangkan fixed bed pirolisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi produksi bio-oil dari proses pirolisis. Sementara analisis karakterisasi bio-oil dilakukan untuk melihat potensi chemical building block sebagai sumber energi. Analisis sifat kimia dan fisika alang – alang dilakukan melalui thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. Sedangkan analisis potensi bio-oil di lakukan melalui Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil karakterisasi mengindikasikan bahwa alang – alang memiliki nilai kalori 18,05 MJ/kg, dengan ash konten yang rendah, dan tinggi kandungan volatile. Analisis dengan GC/MS menunjukan komponen utama dalam bio-oil dikelompokan ke dalam furan, ketone, phenol dan anhydrosugar yang merupakan platform yang dapat dikonversi menjadi sumber energi. Fixed bed pyrolysis atau fixed bed pirolisis alang – alang menunjukan, bahwa yield bio-oil meningkat sebagaimana peningkatan temperatur dan puncaknya pada suhu 500 0C dengan persentase 37,91%. Kata Kunci: Alang - alang, Pirolisis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergi   ABSTRACT Fossil fuel as a source of energy have limitation and are non-renewable. Continuous utilisation of fossil fuels as energy source can lead to energy crisis and environmental impact. Perennials grasses (alang – alang) are currently being developed as a suitable second-generation biofuel feedstock. It has advantages such as rapid growth rate, easy to grow, minimal maintenance and utilise marginal land without competing with food supply. Taking into account of the various challenges attributed to the transformation of second-generation biomass for energy production, this work systematically looks at the ecological perspective and the availability for bioenergy production from alang – alang in Banten Province. Biomass characterisation is carried out to determine the properties and bioenergy potential. Fixed bed pyrolysis study was conducted to predict the potential production of bio-oil from the pyrolysis process. GC/MS study is conducted to identify the potential building blocks of value-added chemicals from alang – alang. The physicochemical properties of feedstock was thoroughly evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, compositional analysis, calorific value. The analysis of the potential of bio-oil was carried out through GC / MS. Characterisation results indicate that alang - alang has a calorific value of 18.39 MJ/kg, with low ash content and high percentage of volatile matter. Analysis from Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that majority of the chemical groups in the bio-oil contained furan, ketone, phenol and anhydro-sugars. Phenolic and furanic were found as major compounds in bio oil. Phenolic, furanic, ketonic and anhydrosugars are promising renewable platform compounds derived from pyrolysis of alang – alang. The compounds can be further converted to chemicals or fuels. The fixed-bed pyrolysis of alang - alang showed that the yield of bio-oil increases as the temperature increases and peaks at 500°C with 38.79%. Keywords: Alang - alang, Pyrolysis, GC/MS, Thermogravimetric analysis, Bioenergy

Paper 18: Gas Load and Thermal Stresses in Diesel Engine Pistons and Valves

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ibrahim ◽  
H. McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

In the field of internal combustion engines, diesel engines have the advantage of a high thermal efficiency and of operating on cheap fuels of high calorific value. To maintain these advantages brake mean effective pressures (b.m.e.p.) are continually being increased, but limitations are imposed by the cylinder head and the piston design. Usually such problems are overcome by development testing. However, these methods give little fundamental understanding of the stress distributions and how they vary under different load and temperature conditions. In this work a method for predicting pressure and steady-state thermal stresses in pistons, of different materials, for medium speed diesel engines is discussed. The pressure is applied to simulate the engine peak pressure loading and the temperature represents the time average temperature distribution in the piston under engine running conditions. The induced stresses and strains are calculated numerically.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of coconut cloth in a microwave reactor: Effect of pyrolysis parameters on product yield and characterization of liquid product and biochar

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3737-3755
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis of coconut cloth was investigated with the influence of pyrolysis process parameters on the maximum products yield and their chemical compositions. With the microwave reactor, the process parameters were as follows: temperature (450 °C to 650 °C), heating rate (10 °C/min to 30 °C/min), and nitrogen flow rate (80 °C/min to 120 cm3/min). The highest liquid yield of 38.3% was observed at 550 °C for the heating rate of 20 °C/min. The characteristics of bio-oil and biochar were analyzed using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HNMR), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis. The bio-oil contained a higher amount of phenolic compounds at 79.6%. The obtained biochar had a calorific value of 27.8 MJ/kg, which made it a promising candidate for solid fuel.

Properties of bio-oil and bio-char produced by sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis in a stainless steel tubular reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Guida ◽  
A. Hannioui
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, compositional analysis of the products obtained by thermal degradation of sugar cane bagasse at various pyrolysis temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C) and heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 50 °C/min) was studied. Sugar cane bagasse was pyrolyzed in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate how the temperature and heating rate affects liquid and char product yields via pyrolysis and to determine optimal condition to have a better yield of these products. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable conditions were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, C-NMR and HNMR. In addition, column chromatography was employed to determine the aliphatic fraction (Hexane Eluate); gas chromatography and FT-IR were achieved on aliphatic fractions. For char product (bio-char), the elemental chemical composition and yield of the char were determined. The results of our work showed that the amount of liquid product (bio-oil) from pyrolysis of sugar cane bagasse increases with increasing the final temperature and decreases with increasing the heating rate. The highest yield of liquid product is obtained from the samples at 550 °C and at the heating rate of 5°C/min, the maximal average yield achieved almost 32.80 wt%. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 39.7 wt% to 21 wt% at the heating rate of 5°C/min and from 32 wt% to 17.2 wt% at the heating rate of 50 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–800 °C). The analysis of bio-oil showed the presence of an aliphatic character and that it is possible to obtain liquid products similar to petroleum from sugar cane bagasse waste. The solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high higher heating values (HHV).

Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The One

Abstract Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.

Production of bio-oil and bio-char from pyrolysis of sawdust wood waste (SWW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
M.Y. Guida ◽  
S.E. Lanaya ◽  
F.E. Laghchioua ◽  
Z. Rbihi ◽  
A. Hannioui
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽  
Bio Oil

AbstractThis study deals with fast pyrolysis of sawdust wood waste (SWW) at the range of temperature 300–700 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–20 °C/min, below 0.1–1.5 mm and 20–200 mL min−1, respectively. It was concluded that both the temperature and heating rate have a significant effect on both yield of bio-oil and bio-char resulting from pyrolysis of SWW. The liquid products obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures were subjected into column chromatography after removal of asphaltenes (hexane insoluble). Obtained bio-oils (maltenes or hexane soluble) were classified as aliphatic, aromatic and polar sub-fractions. The maximum of bio-oil yield of 39.5 wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, particle size between 0.5 and 1 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL min−1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The analysis of liquid showed that bio-oil from SWW could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemical. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 54.61 to 29.47 wt% at the heating rate of 5 °C/min and from 50.01 to 24.5 wt% at the heating rate of 20 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–700 °C). Solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high heating values (HHVs).

Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse: The Effects of Process Parameters on the Product Yields

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gaber H. Saif ◽  
Seddik S. Wahid ◽  
Mohamed R.O. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Higher Temperature

The objective of the present work is to investigate the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a semi-batch reactor and study the effect of process parameters of pyrolysis on the products yield to determine optimum parameters for maximum bio-oil production. Parameters of the pyrolysis process such as temperature, particle size of sugarcane bagasse and flow rate of nitrogen (N2) have been varied as 350–600 °C, 0.25–2 mm and 100–500 cm3/min, respectively. According to the various pyrolysis conditions applied in the experimental studies, the obtained oil, char and gas yields ranged between 38 and 45 wt%, 24 and 36 wt%, and 23 and 37 wt%, respectively. The maximum pyrolysis bio-oil yield of 45 wt% was achieved at temperature of 500 °C, particle size of 0.5 -1 mm with nitrogen(N2) flow rate of 200 cm3/min. Based on the results captured under this study's pyrolysis conditions, temperature is considered to be the most important parameter for product distribution. As the increases of the pyrolysis temperature the bio-char yield decreased and increase of gas yield. The bio-oil yield increases with increasing the temperature, reaches a maximum value at about 500 °C and reduces thereafter at higher temperature is expect due to secondary cracking reactions of the volatiles, which results produce a higher gaseous yield.

Biomass co-pyrolysis: Effects of blending three different biomasses on oil yield and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Yeşim Hopa ◽  
Oğuzhan Alagöz ◽  
Nazan Yılmaz ◽  
Meltem Dilek ◽  
Gamze Arabacı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bio Oil

In the present study, pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, poppy capsule pulp, and rice husk were conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 550⁰C in nitrogen atmosphere. The moisture (5%–8%), ash (4%–17%), volatile matter (60%–76%), and fixed carbon analyses (11%–24%) of the utilized biomass were conducted. The decomposition behavior of biomasses due to the heat effect was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis . In the pyrolysis of biomasses separately, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained with sugarcane bagasse (27.4%). In the co-pyrolysis of the binary blends of biomass, the highest bio-oil yield was obtained with the rice husk and sugarcane bagasse blends. While the mean bio-oil yield obtained with the separate pyrolysis of these two biomasses was 23.9%, it was observed that the bio-oil yield obtained with the co-pyrolysis of biomass blends was 28.4%. This suggested a synergistic interaction between the two biomasses during pyrolysis. It was observed that as the total ash content in the biomasses used in the pyrolysis increased, the bio-oil yield decreased, and the solid product content increased. Characterization studies of bio-oils were conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Results of these studies revealed that, all bio-oils were mainly composed of aliphatic and oxygenated compounds. The calorific values of bio-oils were determined by calorimeter bomb. Based on the GC-MS, the bio-oils with high fatty acid and its ester content also had high calorific values. The highest calorific value was 29.68 MJ kg-1, and this was obtained by pyrolysis of poppy capsule and sugarcane bagasse blend.

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