scholarly journals Optimization of Cultivation Condition of Newly Isolated Strain Chlorella Sorokiniana pa.91 for CO2 Bio-Fixation and Nutrients Removal From Real Municipal Wastewater: Impact of Temperature and Light Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poone Yaqoubnejad ◽  
Hassan Aminirad ◽  
Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Batch Cultivation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation Condition

Abstract The cultivation conditions of a newly isolated strain Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 were optimized for the first time by performing sixty batch cultivation experiments at various temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and light intensities (1000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 7000 Lux) in three different culture mediums of BG-11, real settled municipal wastewater (RMWW) and synthetic wastewater (SWW). Additionally, to evaluate the capability of C. sorokiniana pa.91 in CO2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment, the microalgae was cultivated in a flat-plate photobioreactor (CO2 = 16% and 0.6 vvm aeration) under the optimal condition. The optimization results suggested that at the culture conditions of 30 °C, 4000 Lux and RMWW (COD 211 mgL-1) microalgae had the best performance in growth and biomass productivity. Maximum biomass concentration and productivity of 3.21 gL-1 and 0.31 gL-1d-1were achieved, respectively, by cultivation of C. sorokiniana pa.91 in the photobioreactor under the optimized condition. Experimental results showed that C. sorokiniana pa.91 has a high capacity of CO2 bio-fixation (0.59 mgL-1d-1) and CO2 removal rate (35.6 %). Moreover, using C. sorokiniana pa.91 could efficiently remove 74% of NH3, 93% of NO3-, 83% of PO4-3 and 76% of COD from real municipal wastewater after eight days of cultivation in the photobioreactor.

scholarly journals Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation in cheese whey for β-galactosidase production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e468101220727
Author(s):  
Maicon Jhonatan Bueno do Amaral Santos ◽  
Diva de Souza Andrade ◽  
Alessandra Bosso ◽  
Mayara Mari Murata ◽  
Luiz Rodrigo Ito Morioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Biotechnological processes with microalgae with the aim to achieve high biomass yields must choose the appropriate nutrients and physicochemical parameters, taking into account the specific characteristics of each species to determine the basic needs for its growth. In the present study, the better growth condition of Chlorella sorokiniana IPR 7104 was optimized to reach the maximum beta-galactosidase production. The cheese whey concentration (%), temperature (˚C) and pH were factors investigated and a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) approach was implemented using Statistica 7.0 software. We observed that the cultivation condition to Chlorella sorokiniana IPR 7104 was the heterotrophic, which showed the major enzymatic activity, consequently a lower residual lactose content. Under heterotrophic conditions (without light) the β-galactosidase activity increased linearly until the 8th day. Biomass production grew linearly on the 12th day. The microalgae consumed 89.6% of lactose in 3 days, showing a high capacity to metabolize this disaccharide, through β-galactosidase synthesis. The maximum β-galactosidase production by Chlorella sorokiniana IPR 7104, in heterotrophic conditions and using cheese whey as carbon source, is obtained using the following conditions: 30°C temperature, concentration of ethanol at 20% and time of 4 min.

Tide-tank system simulating mangrove wetland for removal of nutrients and heavy metals from wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Chu ◽  
N. C. Chen ◽  
M. C. Yeung ◽  
N. F. Y. Tam ◽  
Y. S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mangrove Wetland ◽  
Tank System ◽  
Effluent Characteristics

Kandelia candel plants were grown in a simulated tide-tank system in the greenhouse to determine the performance of the mangrove ecosystem in treating synthetic wastewater of various strengths (NW, 5NW and 25NW). NW had a strength similar to the natural municipal wastewater, while 5NW and 25NW had 5 and 25 times, respectively, the amount of nutrients and heavy metals as in NW. The system was flooded daily with artificial seawater to simulate the tidal regime. Synthetic wastewater was irrigated to the system three times a week for 3 months. The results of effluent characteristics showed that the removal efficiencies of nutrients and metals from the wastewater were nearly 98% (except for organic N) and 96%, respectively, in NW and 5NW tanks whereas those of 25NW tanks were 75% for nutrients, 92% for Cd, Cr, Cu and around 88% for Ni and Zn. This study demonstrated that the mangrove ecosystem had a very high capacity to retain or immobilize the nutrients and heavy metals in the wastewater suggesting mangrove wetland had inherent physical, chemical and biological properties for adsorption and utilization of nutrients and heavy metals.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater and CO2-biofixation using Chlorella kessleri

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Omar Faruque ◽  
Kazeem Ayodeji Mohammed ◽  
Mohammad Mozahar Hossain ◽  
Shaikh Abdur Razzak
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Chlorella Kessleri ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Growing microalgae in tertiary wastewater offers a prospective avenue to remove and re-use the nutrients N and P simultaneously. Moreover, CO2 fixation via microalgae is a potential and promising approach of capturing and storing CO2. The impacts of various nitrogen to phosphorous ratios on the growth, nutrient removal from municipal wastewater, and the bio-fixation of CO2 using Chlorella kessleri were evaluated in this study. For this purpose, the microalgae was grown in synthetic wastewater, similar in composition to tertiary municipal wastewater, with NP ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1 in batch photobioreactors for13 days. Biomass concentration increases at all NP ratios and the maximum biomass concentration is 606.79 mg/L at the NP ratio of 2:1. Nitrogen removal is more than 95% at all NP ratios except at 8:1, where it is only 72.4%. The removal efficiency of phosphorous is significantly affected by the NP ratio. The maximum phosphorous removal is about 97% for the NP ratio 6:1, whereas the lowest removal efficiency of about 20% is at the NP ratio of 2:1. The maximum CO2 bio-fixation rate of 89.36 mgL− 1d− 1 at the end of the first 7 days of the cultivation period is at the NP ratio of 6:1. In this study, Monod growth kinetic model based on a single substrate factor was used and the experimental findings agree well with the predictions by the model.

scholarly journals Remediation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using the Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Libardo A. Lugo ◽  
Ragnheidur I. Thorarinsdottir ◽  
Sigfus Bjornsson ◽  
Olafur P. Palsson ◽  
Hakon Skulason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aquaculture industry requires solutions to several environmental challenges in order to become sustainable, including adequate wastewater management. Aquaculture wastewater (AWW) is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and other elements essential for microalgae. Due to the potential for AWW to be used as a microalgal growth medium and the potential of Chlorella sorokiniana to remediate wastewater, the growth of this species in AWW was evaluated. The microalgal growth in AWW was compared to the growth in a modified BG11 growth medium containing similar nutrient concentrations as the AWW. The effect of pH regulation and air-lifting the cell suspension at different airflow rates was also studied. As a result, it was found that C. sorokiniana can grow successfully in AWW; however, its cultivation required pH regulation. This microalga species can reach a biomass concentration of up to 476 mg/L and a biomass productivity of 140 mg/L/day. Furthermore, up to 78% of the nitrogen, 77% of the phosphorus, 70% of the magnesium, 90% of the zinc, and 99% of the nickel contained in the AWW were assimilated by the microalgae. The results of this study show that microalga cultivation in wastewater has great potential to reduce contamination while generating economic benefits.

Enhanced biodegradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate in membrane bioreactor by Pannonibacter sp. W1

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Zhang ◽  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Ji Ti Zhou ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Shuwen Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
High Loading Rate ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Toxic Pollutant ◽  
Microbial Strain

4-Aminobenzenesulfonate (4-ABS), an aromatic amine and recalcitrant toxic pollutant, is widely used in the dye and pharmaceutical industry. Pannonibacter sp. W1 is a specialized microbial strain which can efficiently degrade 4-ABS. This study shows the feasibility of using the specialized strain in an MBR system to treat synthetic wastewater containing large amount of 4-ABS. Due to membrane retention, the biomass concentration is able to reach 5 g/L within two months of continuous operation. Pannonibacter sp. W1 is able to adapt to the high loading rate of 1000 mg 4-ABS/L and achieve a remarkable 4-ABS removal efficiency of 99% within 6 h. Strain W1 grows well under the MBR continuous operation and remains as the dominant bacterium at the end of 60 days continuous operation. Minor membrane fouling has been detected within 40 days of operating at 15 LMH. At a flux of 25 LMH, the system experiences the ‘TMP jump’. The high organic removal rate and low membrane fouling results illustrate the excellent performance of the bioaugmented MBR system in 4-ABS wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Illumination Policies for Stichococcus sp. Cultures in an Optimally Operating Lab-Scale PBR toward the Directed Photosynthetic Production of Desired Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2489
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Psachoulia ◽  
Christos Chatzidoukas
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Red Led

The light spectrum effect on the cultivation efficiency of the microalgae strain Stichococcus sp. is explored, as a means of potentially intensifying the biomass productivity and regulating the cellular composition. Stichococcus sp. batch culture experiments, within a 3 L bench-top photobioreactor (PBR), are designed and implemented under different light spectrum profiles (i.e., cool white light (WL), cool white combined with red light (WRL), and cool white combined with blue light, (WBL)). The obtained results indicate that the studied strain is capable of adapting its metabolite profile to the light field to which it is exposed. The highest biomass concentration (3.5 g/L), combined with intense carbohydrate accumulation activity, resulting in a respective final concentration of 1.15 g/L was achieved within 17 days using exclusively cool white light of increasing intensity. The addition of blue light emitting diodes (LED) light, combined with appropriately selected culture conditions, contributed significantly to the massive synthesis and accumulation of lipids, resulting in a concentration of 1.43 g/L and a respective content of 46.13% w/w, with a distinct impact on biomass, carbohydrates and proteins productivity. Finally, a beneficial contribution of red LED light to the protein synthesis is recognized and this can be conditionally amplified provided nitrogen sufficiency in the culture medium.

scholarly journals Effects of Co-culture on Improved Productivity and Bioresource for Microalgal Biomass Using the Floc-Forming Bacteria Melaminivora Jejuensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sik Yun ◽  
Young-Saeng Kim ◽  
Jong-Guk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Algal Culture ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Algal Cultures

Bacterial and algal floc formation was induced by inoculating three species of wastewater-derived bacteria (Melaminivora jejuensis, Comamonas flocculans, and Escherichia coli) into algal cultures (Chlorella sorokiniana). Bacterial and algal flocs formed in algal cultures inoculated with M. jejuensis and C. flocculans, and these flocs showed higher sedimentation rates than pure algal culture. The floc formed by M. jejuensis (4988.46 ± 2589.81 μm) was 10-fold larger than the floc formed by C. flocculans (488.60 ± 226.22 μm), with a three-fold higher sedimentation rate (M. jejuensis, 91.08 ± 2.32% and C. flocculans, 32.55 ± 6.33%). Biomass and lipid productivity were improved with M. jejuensis inoculation [biomass, 102.25 ± 0.35 mg/(L·day) and 57.80 ± 0.20 mg/(L·day)] compared with the productivity obtained under pure algal culture conditions [biomass, 78.00 ± 3.89 mg/(L·day) and lipids, 42.26 ± 2.11 mg/(L·day)]. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced under pure algal culture conditions was mainly composed of C16:0 (43.67%) and C18:2 (45.99%), whereas the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced by M. jejuensis was mainly C16:0 (31.80%), C16:1 (24.45%), C18:1 (20.23%), and C18:2 (16.11%). These results suggest the possibility of developing an efficient method for harvesting microalgae using M. jejuensis and provide information on how to improve biomass productivity using floc-forming bacteria.

scholarly journals Effects of Caprolactam Wastewater on Algal Growth and Nutrients Removal by Arthrospira platensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Youzhi Yu ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Zhongjie Wang ◽  
Junfeng Rong ◽  
Kaixuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Batch Cultivation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
P Removal

Caprolactam wastewater (WCP), which is generated during the production of caprolactam, contains high contents of NO3− and inorganic P and is considered to be difficult to treat. In this study, Arthrospira platensis was used to remove N and P from WCP. Culture conditions and wastewater addition were optimized to relieve the inhibition effects of WCP. The results show that A. platensis growth and photosynthetic activity were inhibited depending on WCP concentrations. The inhibition rates were enhanced as the culture time increased under batch mode. However, the fed-batch mode significantly minimized the negative impact on A. platensis, which is beneficial for removing N and P from WCP by Arthrospira. After 10 d of cultivation of A. platensis in a 25 L circular photobioreactor in fed-batch addition of WCP (1.25% mixed WCP (v/v) each day), the average biomass productivity reached 17.48 g/(m2·d), the maximum protein content was 69.93%, and the N and P removal ratios were 100%. The accumulation effect of WCP inhibition on algal growth was not observed under this culture condition. Fed-batch cultivation of A. platensis is a promising way for bioremediation of WCP with high N and P removal efficiencies and high value-added biomass production.

scholarly journals Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Swati Dahiya ◽  
Raja Chowdhury ◽  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Lipid

Hydrolysate prepared from the chemical hydrolysis of water hyacinth biomass contains a high amount of solubilised carbohydrate and nutrients. This hydrolysate was utilised as a medium for the cultivation of two strains of Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using two different media, i.e., BG-11 and Knop’s medium. Different light intensities, light–dark cycles, and various concentrations of external carbon sources (monosaccharides and inorganic carbon) were used to optimise the microalgal growth. For the accumulation of lipids and carbohydrates, the microalgal strains were transferred to nutrient amended medium (N-amended and P-amended). It was observed that the combined effect of glucose, inorganic carbon, and a 12:12 h light–dark cycle proved to be the optimum parameters for high biomass productivity (~200 mg/L/day). For Chlorella sorokiniana 1 (isolated from BG-11 medium), the maximum carbohydrate content (22%) was found in P-amended medium (N = 0 mg/L, P: 3 mg/L), whereas, high lipid content (17.3%) was recorded in N-amended medium (N = 5 mg/L, P = 0 mg/L). However, for Chlorella sorokiniana 2 (isolated from the Knop’s medium), both lipid (17%) and carbohydrate accumulation (12.3%) were found to be maximum in the N-amended medium. Chlorella sorokiniana 2 showed a high saturated lipid accumulation compared to other strains. Kinetic modelling of the lipid profile revealed that the production rate of fatty acids and their various constituents were species dependent under identical conditions.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

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