scholarly journals Coexpression Analysis Identified PcMYB25 as a Patchoulol Synthase Gene Activator to Enhance Patchouli Alcohol Biosynthesis in Pogostemon Cablin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanxuan Zhou ◽  
Xilin Wang ◽  
Huiling Huang ◽  
Daidi Wu ◽  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Synthesis ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Effective Component

Abstract BackgroundPatchouli alcohol is an effective component of the medicinal plant patchouli. Similar to other secondary metabolites, its synthesis is likely also regulated by transcription factors. Although the biosynthetic pathway of patchouli alcohol has been characterized, the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol biosynthesis has not been fully revealed.ResultsThis study combined the transcriptome data of patchouli leaves treated with different hormones and WGCNA to establish a coexpression network. The modules correlated to patchouli alcohol content were identified, and PcMYB25 played a crucial role in regulating patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. The overexpression of PcMYB25 can promote the expression of patchouli alcohol synthase (PTS), thereby increasing the content of patchouli alcohol.Conclusions This is the first report that MYB25 regulates the secondary metabolism of patchouli. These experimental results lay the foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol synthesis.

scholarly journals Coexpression Analysis Identified PcMYB25 as a Patchoulol Synthase Gene Activator to Enhance Patchouli Alcohol Biosynthesis in Pogostemon Cablin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanxuan Zhou ◽  
Xilin Wang ◽  
Huiling Huang ◽  
Daidi Wu ◽  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Synthesis ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Effective Component

Abstract Background Patchouli alcohol is an effective component of the medicinal plant patchouli. Similar to other secondary metabolites, its synthesis is also regulated by transcription factors. Although the biosynthetic pathway of patchouli alcohol has been characterized, the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol has not been fully revealed. Results This study combined the transcriptome data of patchouli leaves treated with different hormones and WGCNA to complete the coexpression network. The modules related to patchouli alcohol were identified, and PcMYB25 played a crucial role in regulating patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. The overexpression of PcMYB25 can promote the expression of PTS , thereby increasing the content of patchouli alcohol. Conclusions This is the first reporter that MYB25 regulates the secondary metabolism of patchouli. These experimental results lay the foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol synthesis.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Penentuan Kadar Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Asal Peunaron Kabupaten Aceh Timur Menggunakan GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Ela Daniati ◽  
Mastura Mastura ◽  
Hasby Hasby
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Main Component

This study aims to determine the result of isolation of patchouli oil from Peunaron East Aceh and determine the quality of patchouli oil and to determine the levels contained in patchouli oil. Analysis of the results of the research data is described using quantitative and descriptive analysis. Based on research that has been done that the results of isolation of patchouli oil from Peunaron , East Aceh Regency, yields a value of 2,04%. Patchouli oil quality obtained shows yellow results with a specific gravity value of 0,950 that meets SNI standards. The determine of the refractive index produces a value of 1,50039 with results that do not meet SNI standards and the resulting patchouli oil content is 33 chemical compound components with the main component of patchouli alcohol content of 3,65%. It can be concluded that patchouli oil from Peunaron, East Aceh Regency still does not meet SNI standards. 

scholarly journals Overexpression ofAaWRKY1Leads to an Enhanced Content of Artemisinin inArtemisia annua

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Jiang ◽  
Xueqing Fu ◽  
Qifang Pan ◽  
Yueli Tang ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
High Expression ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Effective Component ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Insight Into

Artemisinin is an effective component of drugs against malaria. The regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis is at the forefront of artemisinin research. Previous studies showed that AaWRKY1 can regulate the expression ofADS, which is the first key enzyme in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. In this study,AaWRKY1was cloned, and it activated ADSpro and CYPpro in tobacco using dual-LUC assay. To further study the function of AaWRKY1, pCAMBIA2300-AaWRKY1 construct under 35S promoter was generated. Transgenic plants containingAaWRKY1were obtained, and four independent lines with high expression ofAaWRKY1were analyzed. The expression ofADSandCYP, the key enzymes in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, was dramatically increased inAaWRKY1-overexpressingA. annuaplants. Furthermore, the artemisinin yield increased significantly inAaWRKY1-overexpressingA. annuaplants. These results showed that AaWRKY1 increased the content of artemisinin by regulating the expression of bothADSandCYP. It provides a new insight into the mechanism of regulation on artemisinin biosynthesis via transcription factors in the future.

scholarly journals UJI ADAPTASI NILAM KLON SIDIKALANG DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
AMIK KRISMAWATI ◽  
ANDY BHERMANA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Adaptation Test

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Kalimantan Tengah mempunyai potensi lahan kering seluas 7,7 jutahektar, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untukmemanfaatkan lahan tersebut adalah melaksanakan budidaya khususnyanilam. Produktivitas terna kering di tingkat petani masih rendah yaitu 1-1,5ton/ha/tahun. Produktivitas tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan denganmenggunakan varietas unggul, penanaman nilam pada daerah yang sesuai,dan pemberian pupuk. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Desa Keruing,Kecamatan Pundu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur mulai bulan November2003 sampai dengan Oktober 2004. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 17meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl), jenis tanah ultisol dan tipe iklim B 1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi klon dan pemupukannilam yang sesuai di lahan kering Rancangan yang digunakan adalahrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuanterdiri dari 4 paket teknologi (klon dan pemupukan anorganik) yang terdiridari : A= Klon Aceh tanpa pupuk anorganik (Kontrol); B = Klon Acehdengan pupuk anorganik; C = Klon Sidikalang tanpa pupuk anorganik; danD = Klon Sidikalang dengan pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamatimeliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat terna segar, berat ternakering, produksi minyak dan mutu minyak. Analisis teknis agronomisuntuk mengevaluasi penerapan teknologi budidaya, mengguna-kanANOVA (Analysis of Variance) sedangkan untuk membandingkan antararata-rata pengamatan setiap variabel yang diuji menggunakan Uji BedaNyata Jujur (BNJ) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuanklon Sidikalang dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha) menghasilkan produksi minyak sebesar 127,97kg dengan kadar PA (Patchouli alkohol) 27,96%.</p><p>Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, lahan kering, klon, pupukanorganik, Kalimantan Tengah</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Adaptation test of Sidikalang clone patchouli in dry landof Central Kalimantan</p><p>Central Kalimantan has potential dry land which covers in area of7.7 million hectare, however it has not yet been optimally used. One effortfor making use of this area is by farming patchouli. The productivity of drybiomass in farmers level is very low 1 – 1.5 ton/ha/year. The productivitycan be increased by using superior variety planting on suitable land andfertilizer application. A field trial was conducted at the Keruing Village,Pundu District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, from November 2003 toOctober 2004. The location altitude was 17 meter above sea level, soil typeultisols and climate type B 1 according to Oldeman classification. Theobjective of the research was to find out the best variety and dosage offertilizer in dry land. The research used a randomized block design, withfive replications. The treatments tested were four packages of technology(clone and inorganic fertilizer), comprised of A = Aceh clone withoutinorganic fertilizer (Control); B = Aceh clone with inorganic fertilizer, C =Sidikalang clone without inorganic fertilizer, and D = Sidikalang clonewith inorganic fertilizer. According to that circumstance conducted thevarious studies as follows : plant growth, number of branch, fresh herbs,dry herbs, oil yield and Patchouli Alcohol content (PA). For evaluating theagronomical characteristic used ANOVA and Honestly SignificantDifferent (BNJ) 5%. The result showed that combination Sidikalang cloneand inorganic fertilizer (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha)produced as much as 127.97 kg oil with Patchouli alcohol (PA) content27.96%.</p><p>Key words : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, dry land, clone, inorganicfertilizer, Central Kalimantan</p>

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI KEKERINGAN PADA TANAMAN NILAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
MAWARDI MAWARDI ◽  
MUHAMAD DJAZULI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

ABSTRAK<br />Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan tanaman<br />atsiri utama di Indonesia. Saat ini sekitar 90% minyak nilam dunia<br />dihasilkan oleh Indonesia. Produktivitas dan mutu nilam sangat<br />dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Salah satu faktor<br />lingkungan abiotik yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan<br />produksi nilam adalah cekaman kekeringan. Sampai saat ini informasi<br />mengenai toleransi nilam terhadap kekeringan masih sangat terbatas.<br />Untuk itu, sebuah penelitian pemanfaatan pupuk hayati mikoriza untuk<br />meningkatkan toleransi kekeringan pada tanaman nilam dilakukan pada<br />kondisi rumah kaca di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya<br />Genetika Pertanian pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Juni 2003.<br />Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang disusun<br />secara faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama 2 taraf aplikasi mikorisa<br />masing-masing dengan dan tanpa mikoriza. Faktor kedua adalah 4 taraf<br />cekaman kekeringan dengan tingkat pemberian air (KL) yang berbeda<br />masing-masing (1) tanpa cekaman kekeringan (100% KL), (2) cekaman<br />kekeringan rendah (75% KL), (3) cekaman kekeringan sedang (50% KL),<br />dan (4) cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL). Aplikasi mikoriza dilakukan<br />1 bulan setelah tanam (BST), sedangkan perlakuan cekaman kekeringan<br />diberikan 2 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilam yang diberi<br />mikoriza mempunyai pertumbuhan yang lebih baik. Kekeringan menekan<br />partumbuhan dan hasil tanaman nilam secara linier. Sebaliknya, cekaman<br />kekeringan mampu meningkatkan kadar minyak dan patchouli alkohol<br />daun nilam. Interaksi antara kedua faktor yang diuji terjadi pada parameter<br />panjang akar total dan kadar prolina daun nilam. Keberadaan mikoriza di<br />dalam akar mampu meningkatkan toleransi terhadap cekaman kekeringan.<br />Kandungan patchouli alkohol daun tertinggi dijumpai pada kombinasi<br />perlakuan aplikasi mikoriza dengan cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL).<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mikoriza, cekaman<br />kekeringan, pertumbuhan, produktivitas, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Use of mycorhiza bio-fertilizer in increasing drought<br />tolerance of patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth)<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a primary essential oil in<br />Indonesia. More than 90 percent patchouli oil of the world is produced by<br />Indonesia. Productivity and quality of patchouli oil are strongly affected by<br />genetic and environmental factors. One of abiotic environment which has<br />strongly effected growth and productivity of patchouli is drought stress.<br />The information on the tolerance of patchouli to drought stress is limited.<br />For that purpose, an experiment of the effect of mycorhiza application and<br />drought stress treatments was conducted at a glass house condition in<br />Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research<br />Institute, from January to June 2003. A factorial experiment was arranged<br />in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication. The first<br />factor was 2 mycorhiza treatments namely with and without mycorhiza<br />inoculation. The second factor were 4 drought stress treatments using<br />different water application level (FC), i.e. (1) without drought stress (100%<br />FC), (2) lowly drought stress (75% FC), (3) moderately drought stress<br />(50% FC), and (4) highly drought stress (25% FC). Mycorhiza inoculation<br />was applied 1 month after planting (MAP). While drought stress treatments<br />were applied at 2 MAP. The results of observation showed that the<br />inoculation of mycorhiza improved growth performance. Drought stress<br />reduced growth and production components linearly. On the contrary, the<br />drought stress was able to increase oil and patchouli alcohol contents in the<br />leaf. The interaction between the two factors treatment was found on total<br />root length and leaf proline content. The existing of mycorhiza in<br />patchouli root was able to increase drought stress tolerance. The highest<br />patchouli alcohol content of leaf was found at mycorhiza application and<br />highly drought stress (25% FC) combination treatment.<br />Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mycorhiza, drought<br />stress, growth, productivity, West Java

scholarly journals The Regulatory Mechanism of Water Activities on Aflatoxins Biosynthesis and Conidia Development, and Transcription Factor AtfB Is Involved in This Regulation

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Longxue Ma ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Ma ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Xiaohua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Conidia Production

Peanuts are frequently infected by Aspergillus strains and then contaminated by aflatoxins (AF), which brings out economic losses and health risks. AF production is affected by diverse environmental factors, especially water activity (aw). In this study, A. flavus was inoculated into peanuts with different aw (0.90, 0.95, and 0.99). Both AFB1 yield and conidia production showed the highest level in aw 0.90 treatment. Transcriptional level analyses indicated that AF biosynthesis genes, especially the middle- and later-stage genes, were significantly up-regulated in aw 0.90 than aw 0.95 and 0.99. AtfB could be the pivotal regulator response to aw variations, and could further regulate downstream genes, especially AF biosynthesis genes. The expressions of conidia genes and relevant regulators were also more up-regulated at aw 0.90 than aw 0.95 and 0.99, suggesting that the relative lower aw could increase A. flavus conidia development. Furthermore, transcription factors involved in sexual development and nitrogen metabolism were also modulated by different aw. This research partly clarified the regulatory mechanism of aw on AF biosynthesis and A. flavus development and it would supply some advice for AF prevention in food storage.

scholarly journals Shoot multiplication of Pogostemon cablin var. Sidikalang and patchouli oil profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
POPY HARTATIE HARDJO ◽  
DANNY PUTRA SENTOSA SUSANTO ◽  
WINA DIAN SAVITRI ◽  
MARIA GORETTI MARIANTI PURWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Index ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
High Price ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
In Vitro Multiplication ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin

Abstract. Hardjo PH, Susanto DPS, Savitri WD, Purwanto MGM. 2019. Shoot multiplication of Pogostemon cablin var. Sidikalang and patchouli oil profile. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 123-127. Pogostemon cablin Benth. is a plant producing patchouli oil, which mostly consists of patchouli alcohol compound. Patchouli oil has great potentials in the world market because of its stability and high price. In this study, in vitro multiplication of Sidikalang variety of Acehnese patchouli shoots was done on solid and liquid Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. This study aimed to determine the effect of cytokinins in various combinations of shoot multiplication and to compare the patchouli oil yield of in vitro and ex vitro culture. In vitro multiplication of Acehnese patchouli shoots by using solid MS medium with addition of 0.2 ppm benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.2 ppm Kinetin resulted in shoot explants with an average growth index of 82.198 ± 0.690. Patchouli oil extraction was done on 7 weeks old in vitro shoot explants cultured on solid MS medium + 0.2 ppm BAP + 0.2 ppm Kinetin using water distillation method. In vitro shoots yielded 2.5% patchouli oil and contained ± 35% patchouli alcohol compound, whereas ex vitro shoots produced 4% patchouli oil and contained ± 25% patchouli alcohol compound. The qualitative analysis by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed that there were similarities in the number of spot and Rf value for each spot of ex vitro and in vitro patchouli oil.

scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

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