Predictors of macular pigment and contrast threshold in normolipemic subjects aged 45-65

Abstract Objective: The dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins and selectively captured in the retina where they constitute macular pigment. There are no lutein and zeaxanthin dietary intake recommendations nor desired blood/tissue concentrations for the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the lutein and zeaxanthin dietary intake, their serum concentrations, lipid profile, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and the contrast sensitivity (CT), as visual outcome in normolipemic subjects age 45-65 (n=101). Methods: MPOD, L and Z in serum and dietary intake were determined using heterochromatic flicker photometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and 3-day food records. CT was measured with the CGT-1000 Contrast Glaretester at six stimulus sizes, with and without glare. Results: Lutein and zeaxanthin serum concentrations (median): 0.361 and 0.078 µmol/L. Lutein+zeaxanthin intake: 1.1 mg/d (median). MPOD: 0.34 du. Lutein+zeaxanthin intake correlates with their serum concentrations (ρ=0.333, p =0.001), which in turn correlates with MPOD (ρ=0.229, p =0.000) and with the fruit and vegetable consumption (ρ=0.202, p =0.001), but not with the lutein+zeaxanthin dietary intake. HDL-cholesterol correlated with lutein+zeaxanthin serum (ρ=0.253, p =0.000) and with CT under glare conditions (ρ range: 0.016–0.160). MPOD predictors: serum lutein+zeaxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin/HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (R 2 =15.9%). CT predictors: MPOD and sex (β coefficients ranges: -0.950,-0.392; -0.134,-0.393, respectively). Conclusion: There were correlations at all points in time in this sequence between lutein+zeaxanthin intake and the visual outcome and, HDL-cholesterol played a relevant role.

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Predictors of macular pigment and contrast threshold in Spanish healthy normolipemic subjects (45–65 years) with habitual food intake

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251324

Author(s):

Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽

Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel ◽

Rocío Estévez-Santiago ◽

Milagros Sánchez-Prieto

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Visual Outcome ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Contrast Threshold ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Spatial Frequencies ◽

Lower Ratio

Introduction The dietary carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, sequestered by adipose tissue, and eventually captured in the retina where they constitute macular pigment. There are no L&Z dietary intake recommendations nor desired blood/tissue concentrations for the Spanish general population. Our aim was to assess the correlation of L&Z habitual dietary intake (excluding food supplements), resulting serum concentrations and lipid profile with macular pigment optical density (MPOD) as well as the contrast sensitivity (CT), as visual outcome in normolipemic subjects (n = 101) aged 45–65. Methods MPOD was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry, serum L&Z by HPLC, the dietary intake by a 3-day food records and CT using the CGT-1000-Contrast-Glaretester at six stimulus sizes, with and without glare. Results Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations (median) in serum: 0.361 and 0.078 μmol/L, in dietary intake: 1.1 mg L+Z/day. MPOD: 0.34du. L+Z intake correlates with their serum concentrations (rho = 0.333, p = 0.001), which in turn correlates with MPOD (rho = 0.229, p = 0.000) and with fruit and vegetable consumption (rho = 0.202, p = 0.001), but not with lutein+zeaxanthin dietary intake. MPOD correlated with CT, with and without glare (rho ranges: -0.135, 0.160 and -0.121, –0.205, respectively). MPOD predictors: serum L+Z, L+Z/HDL-cholesterol (β-coeficient: -0.91±0.2, 95%CI: -1.3,-0.5) and HDL-cholesterol (R2 = 15.9%). CT predictors: MPOD, mainly at medium and smaller visual angles (corresponding to spatial frequencies for which sensitivity declines with age) and gender (β-coefficients ranges: -0.95,-0.39 and -0.13,-0.39, respectively). Conclusion A higher MPOD is associated with a lower ratio of L+Z/HDL-cholesterol and with a lower CT (higher contrast sensitivity). The HDL-cholesterol would also act indirectly on the CT improving the visual function.

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Carotenoid Intake and Serum Concentration in Young Finnish Children and Their Relation with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1533 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marianne Prasad ◽

Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽

Liisa Uusitalo ◽

Heli Tapanainen ◽

Marja-Leena Ovaskainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Age Groups ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Prediction And Prevention ◽

Cross Classification ◽

Β Carotene

Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a reduced risk of many chronic diseases. These foods are the main dietary source of carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between dietary intake and serum concentrations of α- and β-carotene in a sample of young Finnish children from the population-based birth cohort of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study. The current analysis comprised 3-day food records and serum samples from 207 children aged 1, 2 and 3 years. Spearman and partial correlations, as well as a cross-classification analyses, were used to assess the relationship between dietary intake and the corresponding biomarkers. Serum concentrations of α- and β-carotene were significantly higher among the 1-year-old compared to the 3-year-old children. Dietary intakes of α- and β-carotene correlated significantly with their respective serum concentrations in all age groups, the association being highest at the age of 1 year (α-carotene r = 0.48; p < 0.001 and β-carotene r = 0.47; p < 0.001), and lowest at the age of 3 years (α-carotene r = 0.44; p < 0.001 and β-carotene r = 0.30; p < 0.001). A cross-classification showed that 72–81% of the participants were correctly classified to the same or adjacent quartile, when comparing the reported dietary intakes and the concentrations of the corresponding carotenoid in serum. The 3-day food record seems to be reasonably valid in the assessment of root vegetable consumption among young Finnish children. Root vegetables were the main dietary source of both carotenoids in all age groups. The high consumption of commercial baby foods among the 1-year-old children was reflected in the relatively high dietary intake and serum concentration of both carotenoids.

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Dietary intake and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, but not macular pigment optical density, are related in spouses

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2007.05.011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 462-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Adam J. Wenzel ◽

Joseph P. Sheehan ◽

Joanne D. Burke ◽

Mark G. Lefsrud ◽

Joanne Curran-Celentano

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Optical Density ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density

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Markers of lutein and zeaxanthin status in two age groups of men and women: dietary intake, serum concentrations, lipid profile and macular pigment optical density

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2891-13-52 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽

Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel ◽

Rocío Estévez-Santiago ◽

Carmen Cuadrado-Vives

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Optical Density ◽

Age Groups ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Men And Women ◽

Two Age Groups

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Changes in Lutein Status Markers (Serum and Faecal Concentrations, Macular Pigment) in Response to a Lutein-Rich Fruit or Vegetable (Three Pieces/Day) Dietary Intervention in Normolipemic Subjects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3614

Author(s):

Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽

Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Beatriz Beltrán-de-Miguel ◽

Milagros Sánchez-Prieto ◽

Rocío Estévez-Santiago

Keyword(s):

Group Intervention ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Total Sample ◽

Food Group ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Food Type ◽

Contrast Threshold ◽

Green Beans

Lutein is mainly supplied by dietary fruit and vegetables, and they are commonly jointly assessed in observational and interventional studies. Lutein bioavailability and health benefits depend on the food matrix. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary intervention with lutein-rich fruit or vegetables on lutein status markers, including serum and faecal concentrations (by high pressure liquid chromatography), dietary intake (24 h recalls ×3), and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and contrast threshold (CT) as visual outcomes. Twenty-nine healthy normolipemic subjects, aged 45–65 y, consumed 1.8 mg lutein/day supplied from fruits (14 subjects, 500 g/day of oranges, kiwi and avocados) or vegetables (15 subjects, 180 g/day of green beans, pumpkin, and sweet corn) for four weeks. Serum lutein concentration increased by 37%. The effect of the food group intervention was statistically significant for serum lutein+zeaxanthin concentration (p = 0.049). Serum α- and β-carotene were influenced by food type (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively), but not by time. Serum lutein/HDL-cholesterol level increased by 29% (total sample, p = 0.008). Lutein+zeaxanthin/HDL-cholesterol increased, and the intervention time and food group eaten had an effect (p = 0.024 and p = 0.010, respectively) which was higher in the vegetable group. The MPOD did not show variations, nor did it correlate with CT. According to correlation matrixes, serum lutein was mainly related to lutein+zeaxanthin expressed in relation to lipids, and MPOD with the vegetable group. In faecal samples, only lutein levels increased (p = 0.012). This study shows that a relatively low amount of lutein, supplied by fruit or vegetables, can have different responses in correlated status markers, and that a longer intervention period is needed to increase the MPOD. Therefore, further study with larger sample sizes is needed on the different responses in the lutein status markers and on food types and consumption patterns in the diet, and when lutein in a “pharmacological dose” is not taken to reduce a specific risk.

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Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (03) ◽

pp. 504-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Sarah L Booth ◽

Jacqueline M Charnley ◽

James A Sadowski ◽

Edward Saltzman ◽

Edwin G Bovill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Vitamin K ◽

High Performance ◽

Case Reports ◽

Food Composition ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

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Dietary and serum vitamin D and preeclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002956 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Xue-min Huang ◽

Yan-hua Liu ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Yuan Cao ◽

Wei-feng Dou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract The effect of vitamin D (VD) on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. Few of previous studies focused on the relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk. Therefore, we conducted this 1:1 matched case-control study to explore the association of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk in Chinese pregnant women. A total of 440 pairs of participants were recruited during March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary information was obtained using a 78-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs of the highest quartile were 0.45 (95%CI: 0.29-0.71, Ptrend = 0.001) for VD dietary intake and 0.26 (95%CI: 0.11-0.60, Ptrend = 0.003) for serum levels after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the RCS analysis suggested a reverse J-shaped relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). A similar association was also found between serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that higher dietary intake and serum levels of VD are associated with the lower risk of PE in Chinese pregnant women.

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Vitamin D Metabolites and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2129

Author(s):

Sieglinde Zelzer ◽

Florian Prüller ◽

Pero Curcic ◽

Zdenka Sloup ◽

Magdalena Holter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Degradation Products ◽

University Hospital ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Metabolite Ratio ◽

The University

(1) Background: Vitamin D, a well-established regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, also has immune-modulatory functions. An uncontrolled immune response and cytokine storm are tightly linked to fatal courses of COVID-19. The present retrospective study aimed to inves-tigate vitamin D status markers and vitamin D degradation products in a mixed cohort of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with various clinical courses of COVID-19. (2) Methods: The serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 25,26(OH)2D3 were determined by a validated liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method in leftover serum samples from 148 COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the University Hospital of the Medical Uni-versity of Graz between April and November 2020. Anthropometric and clinical data, as well as outcomes were obtained from the laboratory and hospital information systems. (3) Results: From the 148 patients, 34 (23%) died within 30 days after admission. The frequency of fatal outcomes did not differ between males and females. Non-survivors were significantly older than survivors, had higher peak concentrations of IL-6 and CRP, and required mechanical ventilation more frequently. The serum concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites and the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Additionally, the need for res-piratory support was unrelated to the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D vitamin D and the two vitamin D catabolites, as well as the VMR. (4) Conclusion: The present results do not support a relevant role of vitamin D for the course and outcome of COVID-19.

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