Molecular analysis of goose parvovirus field strains from the Derzsy’s disease outbreak revealed the local European-associated variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Isidan ◽  
Turhan Turan ◽  
Mustafa Ozan ATASOY ◽  
Alparslan Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nucleotide Data ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Since the first recognition in the early '60s, Derzsy’s disease has occasioned significant economic losses in the goose meat industry through the world. Today, Derzsy’s disease still maintains its importance for small-scale waterfowl farming, despite not having a remarkable impact on public health. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of goose parvovirus (GPV) strains and its potential variants from the 2019 outbreak in Turkey. The tissue samples were obtained from the infected eggs and the goslings, which were raised in the distinct farming areas of the various provinces. For this purpose, a novel primer set which amplifies the 630 bp of VP3 region was designed to confirm the GPV infection by conventional PCR method. After the diagnosis, 4709 base nucleotide data including structural, non-structural and 5' inverted terminal repeat regions were obtained from the three samples in the Middle Anatolian region. The multiple comparison and phylogenetic analyses together demonstrated that the field strains clustered with European group 2 and presented a series of unique amino acid substitutions which could determine the virulence. These results confirmed the European-related field strains caused the outbreak in minor Asia, which could assist to understand the GPV circulation between Asia and Europe.

Ascomal evolution of filamentous ascomycetes: evidence from molecular data

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Spatafora
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Filamentous Ascomycete ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Nucleotide Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Parsimony Trees

Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide data from partial sequences (1150 bp) of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) were performed on 30 taxa representing several orders of Hymenoascomycetes and Loculoascomycetes. These analyses detected four major groups of filamentous ascomycetes: group 1, pyrenomycetes (Hypocreales, Microascales, Diaporthales, Sordariales) and loculoascomycetes (Pleosporales); group 2, operculate discomycetes (Pezizales); group 3, inoperculate discomycetes (Geoglossaceae); and group 4, plectomycetes (Eurotiales, Onygenales) and loculoascomycetes (Chaetothyriales). Well-supported clades, which correspond to groupings based on ascomal morphology, were resolved; however, the monophyly of the classes Hymenoascomycetes and Loculoascomycetes was rejected. The placement of the root on the filamentous ascomycete ingroup proved more problematic than resolving the ingroup relationships. Three alternative rooting possibilities, which were identified in suboptimal parsimony trees, were not significantly less likely in maximum likelihood ratio tests. Nonetheless, the most likely topology obtained from fastDNAml was identical to the most parsimonious tree. Key words: filamentous ascomycetes, Hymenoascomycetes, Loculoascomycetes, parsimony, maximum likelihood, ribosomal DNA.

Biocompatiblibility analysis of the decellularized bovine pericardium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sokol ◽  
◽  
D. Grekov ◽  
G. Yemets ◽  
O. Galkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Decellularized Scaffolds ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Potential Use

The decellularized bovine pericardium and its potential use as a natural scaffold is a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied being before applied in clinical use. Purpose: to evaluate the biocompatibility of the extracellular matrices, which were decellularized by trypsin enzyme and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent. Material and methods. Pericardial sacs were acquired from 12-18 months’ age bulls. Tissue decellularization was performed by using 0.25 % Trypsin solution and 1 % ionic SDS for group I and 0.1 % SDS for group II samples. The implantation was performed on Wistar rats. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Congo red and Masson's Trichrome for histological analysis. Results. In group 1 in 3 months after subcutaneous implantation in rats we noticed the inflammation in surrounding tissue and degradation of the implant. Under the same conditions in animals of group 2 implant replacement with growing immature connective tissue was noted. Bio-implant of this group did not degrade, moreover it's integrated to the tissues of experimental rats. Conclusion. Our results showed that decellularized bovine pericardium by 0.1 % SDS can become an alternative material for tissue engineering and has the potential for further use in human surgery.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wildland Fires: Sensing, Perception, Cooperation and Assistance

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Moulay A. Akhloufi ◽  
Andy Couturier ◽  
Nicolás A. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Wildfires represent a significant natural risk causing economic losses, human death and environmental damage. In recent years, the world has seen an increase in fire intensity and frequency. Research has been conducted towards the development of dedicated solutions for wildland fire assistance and fighting. Systems were proposed for the remote detection and tracking of fires. These systems have shown improvements in the area of efficient data collection and fire characterization within small-scale environments. However, wildland fires cover large areas making some of the proposed ground-based systems unsuitable for optimal coverage. To tackle this limitation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) were proposed. UAVs have proven to be useful due to their maneuverability, allowing for the implementation of remote sensing, allocation strategies and task planning. They can provide a low-cost alternative for the prevention, detection and real-time support of firefighting. In this paper, previous works related to the use of UAV in wildland fires are reviewed. Onboard sensor instruments, fire perception algorithms and coordination strategies are considered. In addition, some of the recent frameworks proposing the use of both aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) for a more efficient wildland firefighting strategy at a larger scale are presented.

Use of information and communication technologies in small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-779
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios García-Villegas ◽  
Anastacio García-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
Monica Elizama Ruiz-Torres ◽  
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

AbstractThe objective of the study was to characterize small-scale dairy production systems to identify the technological preferences according to the farmer and farm characteristics and to analyze the importance and role of the information communication technologies (ICTs) in the dissemination of information related to management and livestock activities. To collect the data, a survey was applied to 170 small-scale dairy farmers from central Mexico. To characterize the farms, a factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed. To compare and identify differences between groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Four factors that explain 70.93% of the accumulated variance were identified; these factors explain the use of technology, production characteristics, social connections, and use of ICTs. The cluster analysis identified four groups. Group 1 was integrated by farmers with more experience and the largest farms. Group 2 had higher studies and use of ICTs. Group 3 was formed by young farmers but had a low use of technology. Group 4 contained older farmers with a low use of technology. The young farmers with higher studies have begun to incorporate ICTs into their daily activities on the farm, as observed in Group 2. Smartphones were the most used and were considered important by the farmers of the four groups, since they enable interaction with other farmers and the dissemination of topics of interest related with the farm. In conclusion, four group of farmers were differentiated; therefore, different extension approaches should be implemented to take into account the preferences and the technologies considered most important for each group. The ICTs are emerging technologies among small-scale dairy farmers to communicate information related to livestock management, mainly by young farmers with studies of secondary, as observed in Group 2.

scholarly journals Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Bruno R. Simonetti ◽  
Danielle C. Abreu ◽  
José P. Simonetti ◽  
Sandra R. Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in Rwanda: Prevalence and economic impact evaluation by meat inspection at Société des Abattoirs de Nyabugogo-Nyabugogo Abattoir, Kigali

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Habarugira ◽  
Joseph Rukelibuga ◽  
Mark O. Nanyingi ◽  
Borden Mushonga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Despite the significant public health burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rwanda, the prevalence of bTB is poorly documented. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB in cattle using gross examination of granulomatous lesions, to identify mycobacteria species in suspected samples, and to evaluate the economic impact of meat condemnation based on bTB-like lesions in the meat industry in Rwanda. Routine meat inspection was conducted at Société des Abattoirs de Nyabugogo (SABAN)-Nyabugogo Abattoir. Tissue samples including 31 lymph nodes, 3 lungs and 2 livers were obtained from cattle of different ages with gross tuberculous lesions. Mycobacterium bovis was identified using microscopy with Kinyoun staining and isolation of mycobacterial species in culture on Löwenstein–Jensen and Colestos media, further identified using biochemical tests. Our findings, based on culture and postmortem results, show that the prevalence of bTB is 0.5%(0.587*148/16753), with an overall gross tuberculous lesion prevalence of 0.9% (148/16753). The presence of lesions were higher in cattle aged 2 years and older (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05) and higher in females than in males (1.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). Of the 36 samples tested, 26 (72.2%) were positive by microscopic examination with Kinyoun staining while M. bovis was culture-confirmed in 21 (58.7%) cases. Bovine tuberculosis caused condemnation of 1683.5 kg of meat, resulting in an estimated loss of $4810. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of bTB in Rwanda is significant, and that bTB is a major cause of meat condemnation requiring continued implementation of surveillance and control measures. Furthermore, the results from this study also show important variations in sensitivity of the different tests that were used to determine the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Global Survey and Expressions of the Phosphate Transporter Gene Families in Brassica napus and Their Roles in Phosphorus Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Hong-Jun Zhou ◽  
Mang-Mang Wang ◽  
Ming-Ming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Group I

Phosphate (Pi) transporters play critical roles in Pi acquisition and homeostasis. However, currently little is known about these genes in oil crops. In this study, we aimed to characterize the five Pi transporter gene families (PHT1-5) in allotetraploid Brassica napus. We identified and characterized 81 putative PHT genes in B. napus (BnaPHTs), including 45 genes in PHT1 family (BnaPHT1s), four BnaPHT2s, 10 BnaPHT3s, 13 BnaPHT4s and nine BnaPHT5s. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the largest PHT1 family could be divided into two groups (Group I and II), while PHT4 may be classified into five, Groups I-V. Gene structure analysis revealed that the exon-intron pattern was conservative within the same family or group. The sequence characteristics of these five families were quite different, which may contribute to their functional divergence. Transcription factor (TF) binding network analyses identified many potential TF binding sites in the promoter regions of candidates, implying their possible regulating patterns. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that most BnaPHTs were derived from an allopolyploidization event (~40.7%) between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea ancestors, and small-scale segmental duplication events (~39.5%) in the descendant. RNA-Seq analyses proved that many BnaPHTs were preferentially expressed in leaf and flower tissues. The expression profiles of most colinearity-pairs in B. napus are highly correlated, implying functional redundancy, while a few pairs may have undergone neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization during evolution. The expression levels of many BnaPHTs tend to be up-regulated by different hormones inductions, especially for IAA, ABA and 6-BA treatments. qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that six BnaPHT1s (BnaPHT1.11, BnaPHT1.14, BnaPHT1.20, BnaPHT1.35, BnaPHT1.41, BnaPHT1.44) were significantly up-regulated under low- and/or rich- Pi conditions in B. napus roots. This work analyzes the evolution and expression of the PHT family in Brassica napus, which will help further research on their role in Pi transport.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals Air versus water chilling of chicken: a pilot study of quality, shelf-life, microbial ecology, and economics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeriel D Belk ◽  
Toni Duarte ◽  
Casey Quinn ◽  
David A. Coil ◽  
Keith E. Belk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Industry

Abstract Background. The United States’ large-scale poultry meat industry is energy and water intensive, and opportunities may exist to improve sustainability during the broiler chilling process. After harvest, the internal temperature of the chicken is rapidly cooled to inhibit bacterial growth that would otherwise compromise the safety of the product. This step is accomplished most commonly by water immersion chilling in the United States, while air chilling methods dominate other global markets. A comprehensive understanding of the differences between these chilling methods is lacking. Therefore, we assessed the meat quality, shelf-life, microbial ecology, and technoeconomic impacts of chilling methods on chicken broilers in a university meat laboratory setting. Results. We discovered that air-chilling (AC) methods resulted in superior chicken odor and shelf-life, especially prior to 14 days of dark storage. Moreover, we demonstrated that AC resulted in a more diverse microbiome that we hypothesize may delay the dominance of the spoilage organism Pseudomonas. Finally, a technoeconomic analysis highlighted potential economic advantages to AC when compared to water-chilling (WC) in facility locations where water costs are a more significant factor than energy costs. Conclusions. In this pilot study, AC chilling methods resulted in a superior product compared to WC methods and may have economic advantages in regions of the U.S. where water is expensive. As a next step, a similar experiment should be done in an industrial setting to confirm these results generated in a small-scale university lab facility.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REMOTE ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON HEPATIC FUNCTION AFTER CO2 PNEUMOPERITONEUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Joyce Freitas ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros De Azevedo ◽  
Keyla Borges Ferreira Rocha ◽  
Aldo Cunha Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group Score ◽  
Laparotomy Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether remote ischemic preconditioning can influence the effects of pneumoperitoneum with CO2 on the function and structure of the liver of rodents. Methods: Three groups of 6 Wistar rats each were used. 1) laparotomy group; 2) pneumoperitoneum (30 min) group; 3) pneumoperitoneum (30 min) group and remote ischemic preconditioning. Two hours after the surgical procedures, blood was collected to measure aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Euthanasia was performed with an overdose of thiopental (100 mg/kg i.p.). Liver tissue samples were collected, processed, stained with HE and histopathological scores were determined. Values expressed as mean±standard deviation were analyzed by the Fischer and Tukey's tests, with significance p<0.05. Results: The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in animals in group 2, reaching 74.3±3.5, 62.3±3.1 and 172.6±3.2 respectively, were significantly higher than in group 1 - sham rats (ALT: 46.2±3.7; AST: 40.5±6.2 and ALP: 125.8±6.4). The group 3 rats had levels of ALT: 68.6±2.1; AST: 51.8±2.7 and ALP: 144.6±4.3 significantly lower than group 2. (p <0.01). Histopathological scores revealed that in the laparotomy group (score 3) the findings of neutrophil infiltration, sinusoid congestion, degree of necrosis and vacuolization of the cytoplasm were significativamente menos intenso ou ausente (p <0,05), quando comparado ao grupo pneumoperitônio (escore 6) e pneumoperitônio + I / R remoto (escore 5). Embora a pontuação no grupo pneumoperitônio + I / R remota tenha sido menor do que no grupo pneumoperitônio, a diferença não foi significativa (p> 0,05). Conclusão: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto influenciou positivamente os efeitos do pneumoperitônio com CO2 no fígado, visto que foi observada melhora significativa na preservação da função hepática.

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