scholarly journals E-waste polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure lead to child gut-mucosal inflammation and adaptive immune response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangcan Chen ◽  
Xia Huo ◽  
Xiuli Luo ◽  
Zhiheng Cheng ◽  
Yuling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Waste Area ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure alters immunological responses. Research concerning PAH exposure on intestinal immunity of children in electronic waste (e-waste) areas is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants on intestinal mucosal immunity of children in e-waste areas. Results showed higher hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in e-waste-exposed children, accompanied with higher sialyl Lewis A (SLA) level, absolute lymphocyte and monocyte counts, decreased of percentage of CD4+ T cells, and had a higher risk of diarrhea. OH-PAH concentrations were negative with child growth. 1-OHNap mediated through WBCs, along with 1-OHPyr were both correlated with an increase SLA concentration. 2-OHFlu, 1-OHPhe, 2-OHPhe, 1-OHPyr and 6-OHChr were positively correlated with secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration. Our results indicated that PAH pollutants caused inflammation, affected the intestinal epithelium, and led to transformation of microfold cell (M cell). M cells initiating mucosal immune responses and the subsequent increasing sIgA production might be an adaptive immune respond of children in the e-waste areas. To our knowledge, this is the first study of PAH exposure on children intestinal immunity in e-waste area, showing that PAH exposure plays a negative role in child growth and impairs the intestinal immune function.

scholarly journals Health Risks of Structural Firefighters from Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4209
Author(s):  
Jooyeon Hwang ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Robert J. Agnew ◽  
Shari Clifton ◽  
Tara R. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Firefighters have an elevated risk of cancer, which is suspected to be caused by occupational and environmental exposure to fire smoke. Among many substances from fire smoke contaminants, one potential source of toxic exposure is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The goal of this paper is to identify the association between PAH exposure levels and contributing risk factors to derive best estimates of the effects of exposure on structural firefighters’ working environment in fire. We surveyed four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for this systematic literature review. Generic inverse variance method for random effects meta-analysis was applied for two exposure routes—dermal and inhalation. In dermal, the neck showed the highest dermal exposure increased after the fire activity. In inhalation, the meta-regression confirmed statistically significant increases in PAH concentrations for longer durations. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on occupational exposures to PAH in fire suppression activities. More research into uncontrolled emergency fires is needed with regard to newer chemical classes of fire smoke retardant and occupational exposure pathways. Evidence-based PAH exposure assessments are critical for determining exposure–dose relationships in large epidemiological studies of occupational risk factors.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ciganek ◽  
J. Neca
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Kidney Liver

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure Across Occupations Using Urinary Metabolite 1-Hydroxypyrene

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
Dong-Hee Koh ◽  
Ju-Hyun Park ◽  
Sang-Gil Lee ◽  
Hwan-Cheol Kim ◽  
Sangjun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coke Production ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Pah Exposure

Abstract Objectives Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known carcinogens causing lung and skin cancers in exposed workers. Certain occupations, such as coke production, have been associated with high PAH exposure; however, the number of occupations tested to date remains small. Here, we sought to compare PAH exposure across a wide range of occupations based on levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), the urinary exposure surrogate of PAHs. Methods We collected urine 1-OHP data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS), a nationwide biomonitoring survey. We developed a linear regression model, controlling for sex, age, smoking, and survey cycle, and obtained resulting residuals. Then, we computed the fraction of exceeding the third quartile (Q3) level of residuals for each occupation, which is employed as a relative exposure indicator across occupations. Results A total of 15 125 measurements derived from three cycles of KoNEHS were used for analysis. The overall geometric means (GMs) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of urine 1-OHP levels were 0.16 µg g−1 creatinine and 3.07, respectively. Among the sub-major occupational groups, ‘construction and mining related elementary occupations’ showed the highest fraction (0.45) of exceeding the Q3 level of residuals. Among the minor occupational groups, ‘deliverers’ showed a high fraction (0.42) of exceeding the Q3 level of residuals, which indicates rapidly growing occupations to be addressed. Conclusions Our results provide ancillary information regarding PAH exposure across occupations, especially for occupations for which PAH exposure has not been well characterized.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Alhamdow ◽  
Christian Lindh ◽  
Maria Albin ◽  
Per Gustavsson ◽  
Håkan Tinnerberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractChimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p < .05, adjusted for false discovery rate). Of the 25 proteins, follistatin (FS), prointerleukin-16 (IL-16), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP 27) showed positive associations with the monohydroxylated metabolites of PAH in a dose-response manner (p < .05). Pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in inflammatory response and immunological functions, such as leukocyte migration, cell movement of leukocytes, and adhesion of immune cells. In conclusion, we found a number of putative CVD-related proteins differentially expressed, between PAH-exposed and unexposed individuals, and mainly involved in inflammation and immune function. Our data warrant protective measures to reduce PAH exposure and longitudinal investigations of the protein profile in chimney sweeps and other occupational groups exposed to PAH.

scholarly journals The Effects of Everyday-life Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Biological Age Indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Pavanello ◽  
Manuela Campisi ◽  
Giuseppe Mastrangelo ◽  
Mirjam Hoxha ◽  
Valentina Bollati
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure

Abstract Background Further knowledge on modifiable aging risk factors is required to mitigate the increasing burden of age-related diseases in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. We explored the effect of everyday exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are fundamental constituents of air pollution, on cellular biological aging. This was determined via the analysis of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (LmtDNAcn), and by the formation of anti- benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (B[a]PDE–DNA) adducts.Methods The study population consisted of 585 individuals living in North-East Italy. PAH exposure (diet, indoor activities, outdoor activities, traffic, and residential exposure) and smoking behavior were assessed by questionnaire and anti-B[a]PDE–DNA] by high-perfomance-liquid-chromatography. LTL, LmtDNAcn and genetic polymorphisms [glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1; GSTT1)] were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Structural equation modelling analysis evaluated these complex relationships.Results Anti-B[a]PDE–DNA enhanced with PAH exposure (p=0.005) and active smoking (p=0.0001), whereas decreased with detoxifying GSTM1 (p=0.021) and in female (p=0.0001). Subsequently, LTL and LmtDNAcn reduced with anti-B[a]PDE–DNA (p=0.028 and p=0.018), particularly in males (p=0.006 and p=0.0001). Only LTL shortened with age (p=0.001) while elongated with active smoking (p =0.0001). Besides this, the most significant determinants of PAH exposure that raised anti-B[a]PDE–DNA were indoor and diet (p=0.0001 ), the least was outdoor (p=0.003). Conclusion New findings stemming from our study suggest that certain preventable everyday life exposures to PAHs reduce LTL and LmtDNAcn. In particular, the clear association with indoor activities, diet, and gender opens new perspectives for tailored preventive measures in age-related diseases.Capsule Everyday life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduces leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number through anti-B[a]PDE-DNA adduct formation.

scholarly journals Cancer-related proteins in serum are altered in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Alhamdow ◽  
Håkan Tinnerberg ◽  
Christian Lindh ◽  
Maria Albin ◽  
Karin Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

AbstractExposure to some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) increases the risk of cancer and is common particularly for workers in occupations such as chimney sweeping. In exposed workers, screening of early cancer-related markers provides important information to identify individuals at risk. Here, we aimed to elucidate the associations between PAH exposure and serum levels of cancer-related proteins in 118 chimney sweeps and 126 occupationally unexposed controls, all non-smoking males from Sweden. Monoydroxylated metabolites of pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]anthracene were measured in urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and 90 cancer-related proteins were measured in serum using a proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index, and false discovery rate (FDR) identified 17 serum proteins that were differentially expressed (16 upregulated and 1 downregulated) in chimney sweeps compared with controls (FDR < 0.05). Concentrations of the peptidase kallikrein 13 (KLK13) showed significant positive associations with urinary concentrations of the PAH metabolites 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP) [B, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.042, 0.008–0.076] and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene (3-OH-BaA) (B, 95% CI: 0.068, 0.002–0.134). Moreover, dose–response relationships were observed between KLK13 and 3-OH-BaP (trend test P = 0.027) and 3-OH-BaA (P = 0.035). Pathway and gene ontology analyses showed that cell movement, cell adhesion and cell migration were the predominant molecular functions associated with the top differentially expressed proteins. In conclusion, we found a number of putative cancer-related proteins differentially expressed in workers exposed to PAH. This warrants effective measure to reduce PAH exposure among workers as well as further investigation to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals The Effects of Everyday-Life Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Biological Age Indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Pavanello ◽  
Manuela Campisi ◽  
Giuseppe Mastrangelo ◽  
Mirjam Hoxha ◽  
Valentina Bollati
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure

Abstract BackgroundFurther knowledge on modifiable aging risk factors is required to mitigate the increasing burden of age-related diseases in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. We explored the effect of everyday exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are fundamental constituents of air pollution, on cellular biological aging. This was determined via the analysis of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (LmtDNAcn), and by the formation of anti- benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (B[a]PDE–DNA) adducts.MethodsThe study population consisted of 585 individuals living in North-East Italy. PAH exposure (diet, indoor activities, outdoor activities, traffic, and residential exposure) and smoking behavior were assessed by questionnaire and anti-B[a]PDE–DNA] by high-perfomance-liquid-chromatography. LTL, LmtDNAcn and genetic polymorphisms [glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1; GSTT1)] were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Structural equation modelling analysis evaluated these complex relationships.ResultsAnti-B[a]PDE–DNA enhanced with PAH exposure (p=0.005) and active smoking (p=0.0001), whereas decreased with detoxifying GSTM1 (p=0.021) and in female (p=0.0001). Subsequently, LTL and LmtDNAcn reduced with anti-B[a]PDE–DNA (p=0.028 and p=0.018), particularly in males (p=0.006 and p=0.0001). Only LTL shortened with age (p=0.001) while elongated with active smoking (p =0.0001). Besides this, the most significant determinants of PAH exposure that raised anti-B[a]PDE–DNA were indoor and diet (p=0.0001 ), the least was outdoor (p=0.003). Conclusion New findings stemming from our study suggest that certain preventable everyday life exposures to PAHs reduce LTL and LmtDNAcn. In particular, the clear association with indoor activities, diet, and gender opens new perspectives for tailored preventive measures in age-related diseases.Capsule:Everyday life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduces leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number through anti-B[a]PDE-DNA adduct formation.

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence for an influence of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the composition of the gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in three-year-old healthy children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhongqing Sun ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhitao Sun ◽  
Ya Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure

Abstract Background During the second and third year after birth the gut microbiota (GM) is subjected to important development. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure could influence the GM in animal and early postnatal exposure is associated with neurodevelopment disorder in children. This study was designed to explore the possible influence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) and neurodevelopment in a sample of 38 healthy children at the age of 3 years. Methods A brief development (Gesell Development Inventory, GDI) and behavior test (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) were completed on 3-yr-olds and stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA V4-V5 sequencing. The PAH-DNA adduct in the umbilical cord blood and the urinary hydroxyl PAHs (OH-PAHs) at the age of 12 months were measured as pre- and postnatal PAH exposure, respectively. Results The most abundant two phyla were Bacteroidetes (68.6%) and Firmicutes (24.2%). The phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Lentisphaerae were positively correlated with most domain behaviors of the GDI, whereas the Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Fusobacteria were negatively correlated. Correspondingly, the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria showed positive correlations with most CBCL core and broadband syndromes, whereas the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria and Tenericules were negatively correlated. The OH-PAH levels were not significantly associated with the Firmicutes phylum whereas the Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia, and Bacteroidales all showed significant negative association with the OH-PAH levels. Conclusion The current findings suggest that composition of the GM is associated with neurodevelopment of the child. PAHs seem to change the relative abundance of some taxa (some deleted and some recruited) to counteract the negative effects of the PAHs.

scholarly journals Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure on Cognitive Development in 5 Years Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Barbora Blazkova ◽  
Anna Pastorkova ◽  
Ivo Solansky ◽  
Milos Veleminsky ◽  
Milos Veleminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To analyze the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air at the time of delivery and five years of age on cognitive development in five year old children. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of children born in the years 2013 and 2014 from Karvina (Northern Moravia, n = 70) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia, n = 99) were studied at the age of five years for their cognitive development related to the exposure to PAHs, determined in the ambient air as the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and OH–PAH (hydroxy-PAH) metabolites in urine of the newborns at the time of delivery. As psychological tests, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BG test) and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM test) were used. Results: Concentrations of B[a]P in the third trimester of mother’s pregnancies were 6.1 ± 4.53 ng/m3 in Karvina, and 1.19 ± 1.28 ng/m3 (p < 0.001) in Ceske Budejovice. Neither the outcome of the RCPM test nor the BG test differed between children in Karvina vs. Ceske Budejovice, or boys vs. girls. Cognitive development in five year old children was affected by the higher exposure to PM2.5 during the third trimester in girls in Karvina. Conclusions: We did not observe any significant effect of prenatal PAH exposure on psychological cognitive tests in five year old children.

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