scholarly journals Baseline Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Bivalve Shellfish From Commercial Growing Areas in the Estuaries of Ashtamudi and Vembanad (Kerala, India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunmugavel Chinnadurai ◽  
Carlos Jose Alexandre de Campos ◽  
Vaithianathan Geethalakshmi ◽  
Vasant Kripa ◽  
Kolliyil Sunil Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Reference Doses ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Abstract Trace metal concentrations were monitored in the yellow clam (Paphia malabarica), green mussel (Perna viridis) and edible oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) from growing areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries, Kerala. Ranges of mean annual concentrations (mg/kg) were Ni (0.46–0.65); Co (2.87–3.49); Fe (80.0–119.4); Mn (3.88–9.38); Zn (40.8–76.2); Pb (1.28–2.00); Cu (1.59–4.38). In Ashtamudi, clams had higher mean concentrations of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Pb than oysters. Mean concentrations of Ni, Pb (in all species), Zn (in clams and mussels) and Cu (in mussels) did not exceed maximum permissible limits mandated by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Mean Mn concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline in the three species while mean Fe concentrations in clams and oysters did not exceed the guideline. Target hazard quotients were generally ≤ 1, except for a few Pb results in clams and mussels. Although results suggest no health risk to consumers for the reference doses, daily intakes and elements considered, regular monitoring of trace metals is recommended to maintain consumer protection given increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures on the shellfish growing areas.

scholarly journals An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098525
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

scholarly journals Occupational health risk among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: actions to limit the risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Casper
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. The infection with coronavirus started in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. As of October 2020, the disease was reported in 235 countries. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. As of February 2021, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally is 102,942,987 and 2,232,233 deaths according to WHO report. This infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) β-coronavirus. The infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets.Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an essential role at the front lines, providing care for patients infected with this highly transmittable disease. They are exposed to very high occupational health risk as they frequently contact the infective persons. In order to limit the number of infected cases and deaths among healthcare workers, it is crucial to have better awareness, optimistic attitude, efficient PPE, and adequate health practices about COVID-19.

Market Basket and Duplicate Portion Estimation of Dietary Intakes of Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Copper, Manganese, and Zinc by Japanese Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taizo Tsuda ◽  
Tomohiro Inoue ◽  
Mihoko Kojima ◽  
Shigeru Aoki
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Market Basket ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Duplicate Portion ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Abstract Daily intakes of selected metals from meals in Shiga Prefecture (Japan) were investigated by the duplicate portion method and market basket method. In 1991 and 1992, daily intakes of metals by women, determined by the duplicate portion method, were, respectively, 37 and 27 μg for Cd, 4.3 and 3.5 μg for Hg, 260 and 210 μg for As, 1200 and 1200 (ig for Cu, 4700 and 3600 (ig for Mn, and 8000 and 7200 μg for Zn. Those determined by the market basket method were, respectively, 32 and 35 μg for Cd, 4.3 and 9.9 μg for Hg, 160 and 280 μg for As, 1100 and 980 μg for Cu, 3600 and 4700 μg for Mn, and 8700 and 8500 fig for Zn. No wide differences between the 2 methods were found, except for Hg data in 1992. Daily intakes of Cd and Hg in Shiga Prefecture were lower than the provisional tolerable daily intakes of 57-72 μg for Cd and 43 μg for Hg, proposed by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization.

A review of the analytical methodology to determine Radium-226 and Radium-228 in drinking waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Abstract Radium-228 (228Ra) and Radium-226 (226Ra) isotopes in drinking water are significant from the aspect of radiation protection and human health. In this paper, the three most common preconcentration methods, i.e.coprecipitation, absorption and evaporation, were reviewed with emphasis on routinely measurement techniques. The reviewed measurement techniques include low background γ-spectrometry, α-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The γ-spectrometry technique is the good selection, when the maximum sensitivity is considered. The Environmental Protection Agency guideline has provided the maximum concentration level 0.74 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra. Also, the World Health Organization guideline limit is 1 Bq/L and 0.1 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Meteorology on Fine Particles Concentration in Vitória Metropolitan Region During Wintertime

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Lemker Andreão ◽  
Bruna Tuão Trindade ◽  
Antônio Paula Nascimento ◽  
Neyval Costa Reis Júnior ◽  
Maria de Fátima Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline ◽  
Number Of Particles

Abstract Fine particles (PM2.5) are harmful to human health especially during periods of limited dispersion when the concentrations build up. This is a common occurrence in Southern Brazil in the dry season when high-pressure stationary systems inhibit vertical dispersion and reduce wind speed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PM2.5 concentrations in the Region of Greater Vitória during the winter of 2013, and to assess the influence of the large-scale meteorological circulation on its concentration. An experimental campaign was carried out to determine the mass of PM2.5 at six urban sites and particle number concentration. The average PM2.5 concentrations varied from 9.70 μg m-3 to 14.36 μg m-3 with the average daily maximum reaching 29.35 μg m-3, exceeding the World Health Organization guideline (24-h average: 25 μg m-3). The particle size distribution showed a larger number of particles from 18 to 21 h (local time), indicating that the main vehicular emissions are the main sources. During the winter, rainfall associated with cold fronts were responsible for a decrease in the particulate concentrations. In contrast, the occurrence of high-pressure systems led to an increase in particle concentrations, due to stagnant conditions.

scholarly journals Correction: World Health Organization Guideline Development: An Evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sinclair ◽  
Rachel Isba ◽  
Tamara Kredo ◽  
Babalwa Zani ◽  
Helen Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

scholarly journals Association of Coronavirus Disease-19 Infected Mothers with Newborn Infants Health – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Mubashir Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) is an emerging disease and the World Health Organization declared pandemic in February 2020. Infants were born from CoV disease (COVID)-19-positive mothers who were risk of different diseases. AIM: The aim of this review is to determine the association of infants health with COVID-19-infected mothers. METHODS: A review of the literature was done for identifying the association of newborn health risk with COVID-19-infected mothers. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used as search engines. RESULTS: The common finding among newborn infants from COVID-19-infected mothers were rashes, ulceration on the body, tachypnea, fever, and cough and assisted ventilation was needed to support the ventilation of newborn. Most of the COVID-19-infected women were delivered the preterm baby. The most effective way to reducing the health risk is to screening of mothers and appropriate effective surveillance system should be established. CONCLUSION: The review has found that infants born with COVID-19-infected mothers had various respiratory disorders. There is a need to coordinated efforts for the management of infants.

scholarly journals Public health responses to toxic cyanobacterial blooms: perspectives from the 2016 Florida event

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Metcalf ◽  
Sandra Anne Banack ◽  
James T. Powell ◽  
Fiona J. M. Tymm ◽  
Susan J. Murch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lake Okeechobee ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Abstract In June 2016, massive cyanobacterial blooms occurred in the St. Lucie River in Florida, caused by nutrient and cyanobacterial-laden water releases from Lake Okeechobee. We independently collected and analyzed bloom material for cyanotoxin diversity and concentrations. The concentrations of microcystins, potent hepatotoxins, present in the bloom material greatly exceeded World Health Organization Guideline Values for drinking and recreational water. We also detected the neurotoxins anatoxin-a(S) and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The Florida State Governor declared a state of emergency, but many affected aquatic recreational areas in St. Lucie County remained open during the bloom event without adequate hazard notification to citizens. During the bloom event, issues with preparedness, communication, sampling, analysis, closures and contingencies were observed. We suggest better ways that cyanobacterial bloom events can be predicted, managed, and mitigated in the future throughout the world. As similar problems with cyanobacterial bloom frequency and occurrence present worldwide, understanding governmental responses to the 2016 Florida incident can help in the development of effective mitigation and management strategies for future bloom events.

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