scholarly journals Revictimization and the Specificity Hypothesis- Do Different Subtypes of Interpersonal Violence Predict Each Other?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lioba Langer ◽  
Frank Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background: Revictimization refers to the finding that victims of child abuse have an increased risk of experiencing violence as adolescents and adults. To date, revictimization has been well documented for sexual violence. Recent findings show that the same phenomenon occurs for physical and emotional types of violence and indicate specificity in the relationship. In particular, childhood sexual abuse predicts sexual violence in adulthood and childhood physical abuse predicts future physical victimization. Although emotional violence is among the most harmful types of maltreatment, emotional revictimization has not yet been systematically documented. The aim of this study was to investigate how the three different types of childhood abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) were related to the three different types of adult victimization (sexual, physical, and emotional).Methods: In an online survey of 135 adult women with high levels of victimization, sexual, physical and emotional experiences of violence were assessed separately for childhood and adulthood.Results: Linear regressions indicated specific relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and sexual violence in adulthood (standardized beta coefficients .33*** and .21*), while childhood physical abuse predicts physical violence in adulthood (standardized beta coefficient .44***). Emotional violence experiences in adulthood were predicted by childhood sexual and emotional abuse (standardized beta coefficients .20*** and .08*).Conclusions: The findings partly support the specificity hypothesis of revictimization and have significant implications for practice, particularly for the development of more effective approaches to preventing repeated violence.

Magnitude and Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Canadian Teenagers in the Sport Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 019372352097357
Author(s):  
Sylvie Parent ◽  
Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Recent studies demonstrate that interpersonal violence toward athletes (VTA) is a significant problem in some countries. However, in Canada, little scientific evidence on the prevalence of this issue exists. The objective of this study was to describe the magnitude of interpersonal violence toward young Canadian athletes in the context of sport and to explore associated risk factors. A total of 1,055 athletes, aged between 14 and 17 years, anonymously completed an online survey about their experiences of various types of interpersonal violence in sport. The sample consisted of 763 girls and 292 boys, with a mean age of 15.3 ± 1.1 years. Results showed that 79.2% of athletes reported at least one experience of psychological violence followed by 39.9% reporting physical violence, 35.7% reporting neglect, and 28.2% sexual violence. Being older, being a girl, having specialized in a sport early on, and a high number of hours of weekly practice were related to higher odds of reporting psychological violence or neglect. Being older, being a boy, reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference, greater number of hours of weekly practice, being in an interregional or provincial sport level, and practicing only team sports were related to higher odds of reporting physical violence. Reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference and being in an interregional or international sport level were associated with higher odds of reporting sexual violence. In conclusion, this study shows that VTA, particularly psychological violence and neglect, is a serious problem in youth sport in Canada. These results may help to influence public decision makers to intervene and develop and implement strategies to prevent VTA.

scholarly journals Preventing Interpersonal Violence in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Sethi ◽  
Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses

AIM: To describe the burden of interpersonal violence, risk factors and discuss the need for evidence based action to reduce the public health threat of interpersonal violence.METHODS: Global Health Estimates data were used to describe the mortality and meta-analyses from previous reports were used to describe the prevalence of the different types of interpersonal violence and to discuss the options for evidence informed prevention programmes. RESULTS: In the 53 countries of the WHO European Region, violence kills about 160,000 people each year, and of these around 31,000 die from interpersonal violence, 123,000 from self-inflicted violence and 2,000 from war. Deaths are just the tip of the iceberg and for every death there are numerous admissions to hospital and emergency departments. Interpersonal violence is thought to be one of the most frequently experienced yet commonly overlooked forms of violence. Based upon data from meta-analyses of population surveys in Europe: the prevalence in children under 18 years of sexual abuse is 9.6% (13.4% in girls and 5.7% in boys); physical abuse is 22.9% and 29.1% for emotional abuse; the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical and or sexual violence) is 19.3% in high-income countries and 25.6% in low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that about 49 million women aged 14-49 years have been abused. Surveys of older people over 60 years, suggest that the past year prevalence of physical abuse is 2.7%, sexual abuse 0.7%, emotional abuse 19.% and financial abuse 3.8%, suggesting the numbers experiencing elder maltreatment in Europe run into the tens of millionsCONCLUSION: Community surveys can play an important role to better understand the scale and risk factors of different types of interpersonal violence. Readers are called upon to support a coordinated public health response to prevent this societal and health threat.

The impact of interpersonal violence in youth sport on adult psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S748-S748
Author(s):  
T. Vertommen ◽  
J. Kampen ◽  
N. Schipper-van Veldhoven ◽  
K. Uzieblo ◽  
F. Van Den Eede
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionA recent cohort study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence in sport (Vertommen et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the long-term consequences on anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in adults who experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence in the specific context of organized youth sport.MethodsA web survey in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (n = 4043) was conducted. In this sample, depression, anxiety and somatic problems were assessed using the brief symptom inventory. A generalized linear model was used to quantify the impact of experiencing severe interpersonal violence in sport on psychopathology.ResultsAll three types of severe interpersonal violence (psychological, physical and sexual) were significantly associated with the total score and the subscales of the brief symptom inventory. The effect remains significant after controlling for socio-demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences outside sport, recent trauma and family history of psychological problems.ConclusionsExperiencing interpersonal violence against in youth sport is associated with mental health problems in adulthood. This is an important finding to consider in child protection policy in sport.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Abstract P202: Violence and Midlife Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness in Mexican Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Flores ◽  
Unnur Valdimarsdóttir ◽  
Ruy Lopez-Ridaura ◽  
Adriana Monge ◽  
Carlos Cantú-Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Introduction: Violence against women remains globally one of the most important human rights violations and public health threats. Yet, data on the potential impact of lifetime exposure to violence, an important stressor, on cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. Hypothesis: Adult women with a history of childhood and/or adult exposure to violence are at increased risk of subclinical CVD compared to women without this history. Methods: We evaluated the association of childhood and adult exposure to violence and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 634 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. In 2012-13, study participants retrospectively responded to 12 violence-related items from the Life Stressor Checklist questionnaire. We categorized violence as neglect, and observed, physical and sexual violence, in childhood and adulthood. IMT was measured by standardized neurologists through ultrasound and log-transformed. We defined carotid atherosclerosis as IMT ≥0.8mm or plaque. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the association between violence, IMT and carotid atherosclerosis. Results: In childhood, the prevalence of neglect was 8.2%, observed violence 22.2%, sexual violence 6.9% and physical violence 8.2%. In adulthood, neglect was present in 17.4% participants, observed violence in 21.6%, sexual violence in 10.4% and physical violence in 27.4%. Childhood exposure to sexual violence appeared to be associated to IMT in midlife but remained non-significant. In adulthood, we observed an association between exposure to physical violence and IMT when comparing exposed to unexposed women (multivariable-adjusted mean % difference=2.3%; 95%CI 0.1, 4.6). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for carotid atherosclerosis was 1.69 (95%CI 1.07, 2.69) comparing women who reported physical violence relative to those who did not. Conclusions: Exposure to certain types of violence may be associated with increased subclinical CVD in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1057-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Angelakis ◽  
Emma Louise Gillespie ◽  
Maria Panagioti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThis comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between different types of childhood maltreatment and suicidality. We searched five bibliographic databases, including Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, until January 2018. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed followed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Heterogeneity was quantified using theI2statistic and formal publication bias tests were undertaken. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised and accounted in the meta-regression analyses. Data from 68 studies based onn= 261.660 adults were pooled. All different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Similar results were found for the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation. Complex childhood abuse was associated with a particularly high risk for suicide attempts in adults (OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.52–10.63). Variations across the studies in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and other core methodological factors did not affect the findings of the main analyses. We conclude that there is solid evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased odds for suicidality in adults. The main outstanding challenge is to better understand the mechanisms which underpin the development of suicidality in people exposed to childhood maltreatment because current evidence is scarce.

scholarly journals Extending the ACEs Framework: Examining the Relations Between Childhood Abuse and Later Victimization and Perpetration With College Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 3487-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Voith ◽  
RaeAnn E. Anderson ◽  
Shawn P. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
College Men ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
The Past

Research has revealed that forms of violence are interconnected, but less work focuses on the interconnection of victimization and perpetration, particularly with men. Subsequently, our understanding of the complexities of violence exposure in men’s lives and related policies and treatments remains limited. The present study utilizes a sample of at-risk for violence involvement, college men, to examine the relationships between childhood victimization, adulthood victimization, and adulthood perpetration. Participants are 423 college men receiving course credit who completed a battery of standardized questionnaires via an anonymous web survey. Logistic regression is used. Results indicate that 27% of the men report polyperpetration (two or more types of perpetration), 43.5% report polyvictimization (two or more types of victimization), and 60% report experiencing both forms of victimization and perpetration in the past year. Childhood physical abuse has predictive power for perpetration (psychological aggression and polyperpetration) and victimization (sexual violence, psychological aggression, and polyvictimization) for the men in the past year. Childhood sexual abuse has strong predictive power for perpetration (physical violence, sexual violence, and polyperpetration) and victimization (physical violence and sexual violence) with the men in the past year. Finally, emotional abuse has predictive power for victimization (physical violence and psychological aggression), but not perpetration, for the men in the past year. Developmental psychopathology and the adverse childhood experiences frameworks are used to posit potential pathways explaining the relation between childhood abuse and the overlap between victimization and perpetration in adulthood for men. Implications of this study include the use of trauma-informed models of care with men and expanding the scope of study to examine experiences of both victimization and perpetration, and various types of violence, among men.

scholarly journals KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN (KDP) PADA REMAJA PUTRI USIA 15-18 TAHUN DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 4 KOTA BENGKULU

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Gaipyana Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
High Incidence

Many teens do not realize that behind the beauty of dating did not escape from the things that lead to violence is popularly called dating violence. This event looks like the iceberg phenomenon, where the case is still far greater, but many things that make it rise to the surface. The purpose of this study is to describe dating violence in adolescent girls aged 15-18 years. The study uses a descriptive research design. The results showed that 56.3 % experienced emotional abuse in dating, 23.4% experienced sexual violence in dating, 39.2 % experienced physical violence in dating, 29.7% experienced economic abuse in dating and 43 % had a tendency to be a victim violence in dating. Sexual violence is a form of violence experienced by most tendency to violence in dating (30%). The conclusion of this study is the high incidence of dating violence in adolescent girls aged 15-18 years.

scholarly journals The Association Between Interpersonal Violence and Unstable Housing Among Veterans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S Hargrave ◽  
Leigh Kimberg ◽  
Edward L Machtinger ◽  
Margot B Kushel ◽  
Beth E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Unstable Housing ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Background Despite programs to address housing for Veterans, they continue to be at high risk of unstable housing. Interpersonal violence is also highly prevalent among Veterans and may contribute to unstable housing. Our study aimed to determine whether interpersonal violence was associated with unstable housing among Veterans, and how this association was influenced by common co-occurring conditions such as substance use and mental illness. Methods Veterans in the Mind Your Heart Study (N = 741) completed survey data on history of interpersonal violence and access to housing in the prior year. Interpersonal violence was defined as experiencing sexual violence, physical violence, or mugging/physical attack using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariable models examined associations between interpersonal violence and unstable housing. Primary models were adjusted for age and sex. Potential explanatory factors were added in subsequent models, including marital status, education, income, substance use disorder, PTSD, and other mental illness. Results Veterans who had experienced interpersonal violence had almost twice the odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). This association was attenuated in the fully adjusted model including substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness, illustrating the interdependence of these factors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.91–2.5). Subtypes of interpersonal violence were individually associated with increased odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (physical abuse AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5; mugging/physical attack AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7; sexual violence AOR 1.4, 95% CI 0.89–2.2), but were no longer significant in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Previous experiences of interpersonal violence were associated with unstable housing among Veterans. Substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness played an important role in this relationship—highlighting the potential to improve health outcomes through trauma informed approaches that address mental health, substance use, and housing concurrently.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Elder Mistreatment in the Community: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
David Burnes ◽  
David Hancock ◽  
John Eckenrode ◽  
Mark Lachs ◽  
Karl Pillemer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Financial Abuse ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Prior population-based elder mistreatment (EM) risk factor research has focused on problem prevalence using cross-sectional designs, which cannot make causal inferences between proposed risk factors and EM or discern existing cases from new cases entering the population. This study sought to estimate the incidence of EM and identify risk factors for new cases. It is a ten-year prospective, population-based cohort study with data collected between 2009 (Wave 1) and 2019 (Wave 2). Based on Wave 1 random, stratified sampling to recruit English/Spanish-speaking, cognitively intact, community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 60) across New York State, this study conducted computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) with 628 respondents participating in both Wave 1 and Wave 2 interviews (response rate=60.7%). Ten-year EM incidence was regressed on factors related to physical vulnerability, living arrangement, and socio-cultural characteristics using logistic regression. Ten-year incidence rates included overall EM (11.4%), financial abuse (8.5%), emotional abuse (4.1%), physical abuse (2.3%), and neglect (1.0%). Poor self-rated health at Wave 1 significantly predicted increased risk of new Wave 2 overall EM (odds ratio [OR]=2.8), emotional abuse (OR=3.67), physical abuse (OR=4.21), and financial abuse (OR=2.8). Black older adults were at significantly heightened risk of overall EM (OR=2.61), specifically financial abuse (OR=2.8). Change from co-residence (Wave 1) toward living alone (Wave 2) significantly predicted financial abuse (OR=2.74). Healthcare visits represent important opportunities to detect at-risk older adults. Race is highlighted as an important social determinant for EM requiring urgent attention. This study represents the first longitudinal, population-based EM incidence study.

Born Amid Bullets

In Harm's Way ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Auyero ◽  
María Fernanda Berti
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Residents

This chapter examines the concatenations of different types of violence that coexist in Arquitecto Tucci. It begins with a series of ethnographic descriptions of the different forms and uses of violence that sometimes overlap in the everyday life of local residents. It then considers the ways in which social science has approached the issue of interpersonal violence before engaging in a series of ethnographic reconstructions that depict the concatenations of different types of intentional perpetration of physical harm in Arquitecto Tucci. It shows that children and adolescents growing up in the neighborhood not only encounter criminal and police violence, but domestic and sexual violence also frequently put their lives in danger, either as victims or as witnesses. It also explains how violence acquires a form other than restricted reciprocity and is deployed not simply as a means of retaliation. Finally, it discusses the link between drugs and violence.

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