Quantifying Macro Logistics Cost of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devender Pratap ◽  
Devendra B Gupta ◽  
Sanjib Pohit
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Logistics Cost ◽  
Regional Markets

Abstract Globalisation has opened up economic opportunities for developing countries in the form of outflow of value-added services, low-cost raw materials , human resource skills, improved market access for their exports, efficiency gains in their economies through technology transfer and spill-over, and resource re-allocations. Consequently, various developing countries, including India, have increasingly begun to position themselves for greater participation in regional and global markets. It goes without saying that India needs to build its capacity for establishing linkages with global and regional markets for deriving the optimal benefits of engaging with the globalised world. This, in turn, depends on the creation of an efficient logistics system. For this purpose, most of the developed and emerging countries estimate logistics costs on a regular basis, and use performance indicators to measure the efficiency levels of logistics activities. Till now, no attempt has been made to estimate logistics cost of India by the official statistical organisation. Two estimate of logistics cost computed by private bodies are usually quoted when one refers to Indian estimate. However, the methodology of the two needs serious introspection. In this context, this paper makes an attempt to estimate logistics cost of India.

scholarly journals Building empowerment model of cocoa oil small-sized industries to increase value added

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Sudirman Zaid ◽  
La Hatani ◽  
Hayat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Empowerment Model

This study aims to explore the problems faced by cocoa oil small-sized industries and develop an empowerment model design from the perspective of business management to increase added value implemented in the Agropolitan Region in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach, where data analysis is performed using the Nvivo 12 Plus software. Exploration results show that the perspective of business management which is a problem in the development of cocoa oil small-sized industries is the supply of raw materials; price of raw materials; variable cost; machine capacity; human resources; capital; institutional; product price; market access; assets legality; and partnership. The results of the design of the empowerment model explained that there was a need for a partnership between cocoa oil small-sized industries and other related parties such as; supplier of raw materials and target markets so that this empowerment effort can go well; and it is hoped that there will be government support in managerial aspects, both physical and non-physical so that cocoa oil small-sized industries can increase the added value

scholarly journals Transforming natural resources into industrial advantage: the case of China’s rare earths industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS AGUIAR DE MEDEIROS ◽  
NICHOLAS M. TREBAT
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Division ◽  
State Technological

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the development of China’s rare earths industry, emphasizing the role of state technological initiatives in the country’s transition from rare earth exporter to large industrial consumer of these raw materials. Like other industrial powers before it, China takes advantage of low-cost domestic supplies of strategic raw materials to promote higher value-added manufacturing. We argue that, in the case of rare earths, this strategy has been largely successful, disrupting a classic international division of labor that existed prior to 2000, in which China exported most of its rare earth output to wealthy countries, and transforming Chinese firms into exporters of more sophisticated downstream products.

Study of Port Tariff Structure and Port Pricing Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Tri Achmadi ◽  
Firmanto Hadi ◽  
Hasan Iqbal Nur ◽  
Irwan Tri Yunianto ◽  
Christino Boyke
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Logistics Cost ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
Port Pricing

In order to support National Logistics System continuity there are at least three (3) main components that should synergize well, namely the sea side (sea transport), the land side (hinterland transport) and the part that connects between the two (port). Port performance will greatly affect the performance of the national logistics system as a whole. One of the indicator of a country's logistics performance evaluation is the ease of arranging shipments of goods at competitive prices (shipment). One of the components of logistics costs which become concern of many parties is the port costs, in order to support the national high logistics cost reduction, study related to the port tariff structure and its associated regulations is needed, especially a matter to formulate and determining policy related to pricing port services. The survey and analysis will be carried out in an attempt to identified the port tariff structure as basis to determining the port pricing model. Port tariff structure analysis include the Identification of port services and cost component (user and port operator point of view). Based on the analysis of transport logistics cost, the shipping cost contribute 48%, port cost 40% and hinterland cost 12%. The port cost on the container terminal, the stevedoring costs contribute 42%, followed by the cargodoring cost 58%. It takes further analysis for stevedoring tariff and tariff lift-on / lift-off container given a large contribution to the overall cost of loading and unloading at the port. Port pricing formulation problem associated with cost (competitiveness), performance (level of services) and value added (value added to the customer), so that the best approach for determinining port cost and tariff are: (1) the first best pricing approach is MC = MR = P, (2) the second best pricing approach is LRMC. We suggest that the pricing policy for ports where tariff formulation needs to consider the external factors (currency, rates, fuel price, minimum salary and etc) and differentiated based on the level of port service. Relevant quality level of port service factors are the time in port, and the punctuality of handling the vessel and its cargo. Port Tariff = f (Cost of Goods Manufactured (production unit cost), Margin, Level of Service (LS)) and Maximum Port Tariff = 1.25 % ofproduction unit cost .

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FORESTRY COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Negative Factors

The article is devoted to the study of such an important component of the competitiveness of the forestry complex as its production potential. To do this, the volume of harvested timber from felling for general use, indicators and structure of wood sales for export, the volume of wood residues in warehouses and the cost of sales of one impersonal m3 of wood are analyzed. In addition, the author examines the trends in the formation of appropriate forest infrastructure, which will help optimize the cost of transporting harvested timber as a result of saving fuel and lubricants and reducing the time of delivery of logging equipment to the main felling sites (forest formation and care). Negative factors of reduction of capital construction of various objects of forestry, ecological and social purpose are revealed, and also tendencies of decrease in level of updating of fixed assets of forest branch due to corresponding reduction of volumes of purchase of forestry and road-building technics, ecologically safe cars and mechanisms are investigated. The presented material presents the main reasons for the low level of competitiveness of the forest industry, in particular, among them there is a lack of investment and innovation processes; monopoly position of forestry entities in regional markets; inertia of the industry management system in the conditions of existing decentralization processes, residual principle of enterprise financing, export to foreign markets is characterized by raw materials of the industry without a significant share of value added, high share of completely depreciated fixed assets, etc. The author proposes the main directions of strengthening the competitiveness of the forestry complex through the introduction of a system of control over the quality and quantity of felling formation and care of the forest, which will increase the completeness of forest stands and the corresponding volumes of timber from felling; regulatory and legal support for the possibility of attracting investment resources to the industry and its modernization; formation of an effective financial and economic mechanism for financing forestry enterprises as a basis for investment and innovation development of a competitive forest industry.

scholarly journals Biodegradable polymeric composite based on recycled polyurethane and rubber wastes: material for green shoe manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentia Alexandrescu ◽  
Mihai Georgescu ◽  
Maria Sonmez ◽  
Mihaela Nituica
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Shoe Manufacturing ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Value Added Products

This paper presents the process of obtaining biodegradable polymeric composites based on post-consumption thermoplastic polyurethane and post-consumption vulcanized rubber waste, in various ratios (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%), cryogenically ground to min. 100 nm, and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene as compatibilizer between the two phases. This composite will be formed into a low-density product, with low cost, recovery and reuse of waste, containing post-consumption polymers, and last but not least, biodegradable. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, will be carried out on a corotating twin-screw extruder-granulator with the possibility to adjust parameters such as temperature and speed depending on the material, having a screw ratio (L/D-35). The tested biodegradable composites were characterized structurally and physico-mechanically. Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) into new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the responsible use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.

scholarly journals Non-tariff measures a trade barrier for developing countries’ agricultural processed products exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sushil Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Barrier ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Access Barriers ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
Processed Products

The paper analyses the trade barriers that thwart diversification efforts of developing countries into exports of value-added agricultural processed products. It examines the extent to which non-tariff measures act as market access barriers that constrain agricultural processed products exports from developing countries. The analysis shows that the prevalence of non-tariff measures (including domestic non-tariff measures) limit the ability of developing countries to increase their agricultural processed exports. This has important policy implications in terms of the emphasis that trade negotiators and policy planners should place on addressing non-tariff measures both in the domestic and foreign markets.

Rising Inequality in the New Global Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Birdsall
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Poor Countries

Reasons of high inequality in the modern world are considered in the article. In developing countries it interacts with underdeveloped markets and inefficient government programs to slow growth, which in turn slows progress in reducing poverty. Increasing reach of global markets makes rising inequality more likely and deepens the gap between rich and poor countries. Because global markets work better for the already rich, we should increase the representation of poor countries in global fora.

PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Missing Value ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost
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