scholarly journals Effects of combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation on athletic performance and recovery of endurance runners：a double blind, random trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiheng Liang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Guoqiang Geng ◽  
Mingyue Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ingesting protein supplementation before endurance exercise. Methods 10 recreationally active male runners (VO2max: 53.61±3.86 ml/kg•min) completed a run-to-exhaustion test three times. Each test involved 90 minutes of running at 70% VO2max, followed by a time to exhausted test for running at 80% VO2max. All subjects ingested three different, randomly assigned, supplement before the first phase. At the end of the first phase, CHO (carbohydrate) + CHO; PRO (protein) + CHO; CHO + PRO. Both carbohydrate and protein were supplemented at 0.4g•kg− 1BM− 1. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). Results Three different supplement regimens did not cause a significant difference in exhaustion time (CHO + CHO: 432.36 ± 225.51s; PRO + CHO: 463.82 ± 227.45s; CHO + PRO: 461.45 ± 248.5s). However, ALT and AST in PRO + CHO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24h after exercise (ALT: 16.8 ± 6.31 VS. 24.39 ± 2.54 U/L; AST: 24.06 ± 4.77 VS. 31.51 ± 7.53 U/L, p < 0.05), and MB in PRO + CHO and CHO + PRO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24 h after exercise (40.71 ± 15.16; 38.12 ± 14.32; 64.32 ± 28.86 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). Compared to CHO + CHO, CK in PRO + CHO increased less 24 h after exercise (404.22 ± 75.31 VS. 642.33 ± 68.57 U/L, p < 0.05). Conclusion Although combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation did not prolong exhaustion time, it can effectively relieve muscle damage, and it is better to supplement PRO before exercise.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Volleyball Training on Athletes' Liver Enzymes and Muscle Damage Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramazan Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Aims: It is seen that regular exercises cause physiological changes in the organism. The effects of such a training are not known especially on liver enzymes and muscle damages. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the effects of long-term volleyball training on athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Methodology: 20 male volunteer athletes in volleyball branch participated in the study. In the study, a 12-week training program was applied to the athletes four days a week, and one day intended for conditioning training in each week. Blood samples were received from the athletes for two times when they were resting that was before and at the end of the training. Indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages of athletes were determined in these blood samples received. The data obtained in this study were analysed by SPSS 22 package program. Paired Samples t-test was used in the comparison of pre-post test data of the study group. Significance level was accepted to be p<0,05. Results: After the data evaluated, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test results of muscle damage indicators and CK (Creatine Kinase) and CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB) values of the athletes participating in the study (p<0,05). Considering the pre and post-test results of the athletes’ liver enzymes, a statistically significant difference was found to be at LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and ALP (Alanine aminotransferase) levels (p<0,05) while there was no statistically significant difference at GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) levels.  Conclusion: As a result, regular volleyball training was determined to cause changes in the athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Considering the physiological changes caused by the training programs to be applied, it is thought that the performances of the athletes will be positively affected.

Production and certification of secondary enzyme reference materials (ERMs). Part 1: Preparation of the sera and some of their properties.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1901-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Koedam ◽  
G M Steentjes ◽  
S Buitenhuis ◽  
E Schmidt ◽  
R Klauke
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Clinical Enzymology

Abstract We produced three batches of a human-serum-based enzyme reference material (ERM) enriched with human aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). The added enzymes were not exhaustively purified; thus the final ERMs contained some enzymes as contaminants, of which only glutamate dehydrogenase activity might interfere. The stability during storage and after reconstitution was good. The commutability of the four enzymes in the three ERM batches was also good, except when German or Scandinavian methods for aminotransferases were involved. The temperature-conversion factors for the ERMs were equivalent to those for patients' sera. Reactivation after reconstitution was complete within 5 min and was independent of the temperature of the reconstitution fluid. We believe that these secondary ERMs will aid in the transfer of accuracy between well-defined reference methods and daily working methods so that clinical enzymology results will become more comparable from laboratory to laboratory.

scholarly journals Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
CS Lin ◽  
GH Chiang ◽  
CH Liu ◽  
HC Tsai ◽  
CC Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Blood Samples

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup>, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup> and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument’s analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser’s performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (&lt; 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Diluents on the Activity of Several Enzymes Present in Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1080
Author(s):  
Ted W Fendley ◽  
Jane M Hochholzer ◽  
Christopher S Frings
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We have evaluated the effect of diluting serum with water or NaCl solution (8.5 or 9.0 g/liter) before assaying by a manual method for creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity. The t test and the F test show no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the assays at the 95% confidence level when 100 different samples were compared for each enzyme activity after use of the three diluents.

The Effects of Four Types of Restraint on Serum Alanine Aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase in the Macaca fascicularis

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Landi ◽  
J.T. Kissinger ◽  
S.A. Campbell ◽  
C.A. Kenney ◽  
E.L. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Over Time

To determine the effect of restraint on selected clinical laboratory parameters, cynomolgus monkeys were continuously restrained for 60 and 120 minutes in a restraining box, a restraint chair, and on a restraining board. Animals were also hand caught for manual restraint. Blood samples were collected at 11 time points over 168 hours and evaluated with a standard clinical chemistry profile. Only aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were statistically evaluated; no overt changes were noted in any other parameter. Significant differences between the enzyme levels of different restraint methods were not seen during the 60-min restraint studies, but were present during the 120-min restraint duration. For AST, chair and board restraint resulted in lower and higher enzyme levels, respectively, than the other methods. Levels of ALT for board restraint were significantly higher when compared with other methods. For both the 60-and 120-min restraint periods, AST values that were significantly elevated when compared with baseline were common at 4, 6, and 24 h. Significant ALT increases, when compared with baseline, occurred primarily at 6, 24, and 48 h. The results indicate that over time, restraint methods alone can affect AST and ALT levels in cynomolgus monkeys.

Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2598-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
M. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Myocardial Infarct Size ◽  
Distribution Space ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

Skeletal muscle damage size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 women and 34 men runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of myocardial infarct size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of creatine kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in men, 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in women, 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in men and 7-624 in women. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; men 432 +/- 583 (SD), women 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In men and women, no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal muscle damage occurred in men vs. women runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

scholarly journals EFEK HEPATOTOKSIK ANTI TUBERKULOSIS TERHADAP KADAR ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE SERUM PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Delita Prihatni ◽  
Ida Parwati ◽  
Idaningroem Sjahid ◽  
Coriejati Rita
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem, especially in the developing countries. The combination of antituberculosis drugs are generally recommended for the treatment of tuberculosis. Van Crevel study in Jakarta found that most (70%) of patients with pulmonary TB who received combined antituberculosis drugs with standard (450 mg) dose rifampicin had very low plasma rifampicin level. Based on this results, TB Research and Clinical Trial Centre Bandung & University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands conduct the study which compared clinical outcome between standard and high (600 mg) dose of rifampicin. Most of antituberculosis drugs currently available are very low in causing acute and chronic toxicities, however we must keep aware of side effect during the treatment. The most serious adverse effect of several drugs is liver damage (drug induced hepatitis) and potentially fatal hepatitis. To detect liver demage earlier aspartate aminotransferase( AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level were examined during antituberculosis treatment. The aim of this study was to determine AST and ALT serum level at intensif phase of antituberculosis treatment with standard and high dose rifampicin. The study had been done from August 2003 to September 2004 at Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital and Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paruparu, Bandung. The subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients with category I antituberculosis drugs with standard dose rifampicin and the second group patients also category I with high dose rifampicin. Aspartate aminotransferase and ALT serum level were examined at week 0 (before treatment), 2nd, 4th, and 8th. This was randomized clinical trial with paralel design study. Statistical analysis used paired t test to compare the dose effect of rifampicin to AST and ALT serum level changes, t independent test to compared mean difference of AST and ALT serum level changes which is projected by profile analysis. p value < 5%.. The prevalence of the hepatotoxicity were 17.39% of standard dose and 18.17% of high dose rifampicin. The hepatotoxicity were mild and moderate level,and it was already present at 2 weeks of therapy. There were no significant difference of AST and ALT serum level beetween those two groups. Conclusion: In this study antituberculosis drugs with high dose rifampicin were safe for TB patients.

scholarly journals A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial of protein supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in COPD during pulmonary rehabilitation: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 00077-2021
Author(s):  
Abdulelah M. Aldhahir ◽  
Yousef S. Aldabayan ◽  
Jaber S. Alqahtani ◽  
Heidi A. Ridsdale ◽  
Colette Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cost-effective management strategy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which improves exercise performance and health-related quality of life. Nutritional supplementation may counter malnutrition and enhance PR outcomes but rigorous evidence is absent. We aimed to investigate the effect of high protein-supplementation (Fortisip Compact Protein, FCP) during PR on exercise capacity.MethodsA double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing FCP with preOp (a carbohydrate control supplement) in COPD patients participating in a PR programme. Participants consumed the supplement twice a day during PR and attended twice-weekly PR sessions, with pre- and post-PR measurements including the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) at 6-weeks as the primary outcome. Participants’ experience using supplements was assessed.ResultsSixty-eight patients were recruited; (FCP: 36 and control: 32). The trial was stopped early due to COVID-19. Although statistical significance was not reached, there was the suggestion of a clinically meaningful difference in ISWT at 6 weeks favouring the intervention group (intervention: 342 m±149; n=22 versus control: 305 m±148; n=22, p=0.1). Individuals who achieved an improvement in ISWT had larger mid-thigh circumference at baseline (responder: 62 cm±4 versus non-responder: 55 cm±6; p=0.006). 79% were satisfied with the taste and 43% would continue taking the FCP.ConclusionAlthough the data did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in ISWT, high protein supplementation in COPD during PR may result in a clinically meaningful improvement in exercise capacity and was acceptable to patients. Large, adequately powered studies are justified.

scholarly journals The impact of protein supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness and fatigue following prolonged walking exercise in older adults a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique ten Haaf ◽  
Coen C.W.G. Bongers ◽  
Hugo G. Hulshof ◽  
Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels ◽  
Maria T.E. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Protein supplementation can enhance recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage in young adults. It is currently unknown whether this could be extrapolated to older adults who have a disturbed muscle protein synthetic response. The aim of this study was to assess whether protein supplementation could attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness after prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise in older adults.Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study, 104 participants (81% male, BMI: 26.5±2.5 kg/m 2 ) of 65 years or older used either a protein (n=50) or placebo supplement (n=54) during breakfast and directly after exercise cessation. Study participants walked 30/40/50 km per day on 3 consecutive days. Muscle soreness and fatigue were determined at baseline, and after the 1 st and 3 rd exercise day with a numeric rating scale. Blood samples, to measure plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentrations and serum inflammation markers, were obtained at baseline (pre-exercise), and after the 1 st and 3 rd exercise day.Results Habitual protein intake was comparable between the protein (0.92±0.27 g/kg/d) and placebo group (0.97±0.23 g/kg/d, P= 0.31). At baseline, comparable CK concentrations were found between the protein and the placebo group (110 (IQR: 84–160 U/L) and 115 (IQR: 91–186 U/L), respectively, P= 0.84). Prolonged walking (protein: 32±9 km/d, placebo: 33±6 km/d) resulted in a cumulative increase of CK in both the protein (∆283 (IQR: 182–662 U/L)) and placebo group (∆456 (IQR: 209–885 U/L)) after three days. CK elevations were not significantly different between groups ( P= 0.43). Similarly, no differences in inflammation markers, muscle soreness and fatigue were found between groups.Conclusions In contrast to findings in young adults, protein supplementation does not attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle soreness or fatigue in older adults performing prolonged moderate-intensity walking exercise.

scholarly journals Amino Acids Changes and Muscle Damage During the 400 km Ultra Trail Gobi Race

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Guangyuan Huang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Shengting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Current researches demonstrated that completing the Ultra Trail Gobi (UTG) could lead to severe muscle damage. Our study was designed to analysis the muscle damage and amino acid changes reacted to a 400 km ultra-endurance race in experienced runners. Peripheral blood samples from 16 male athletes (mean age 40.3 ± 7.0 years, mean finish time 121.2 ± 21.8 hours), taken 48 h before and immediately after completing the Ultra Trail Gobi Race (UTG), were analyzed for 39 amino acids, 15 steroid hormones and 4 muscle damage factors. In all participants, the 4 biomarkers for muscle damage, i.e., creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the race, whose mean post-race values were 13.7-, 7.3-, 4.7- and 1.5-fold higher than the pre-race values, respectively. 5 amino acids, i.e., alanine, valine, proline, ornithine and citrulline showed significant decrease, whose mean values decreased by 40.4 ± 18.7%, 38.9 ± 9.3%, 48.1 ± 15.2%, 44.8 ± 15.1% and 23.4 ± 30.8% after the race, respectively. Our study revealed that progressive decline in amino acids contents may further contribute to the factors increasing the muscle damage during the UTG.

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