scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Volleyball Training on Athletes' Liver Enzymes and Muscle Damage Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramazan Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Aims: It is seen that regular exercises cause physiological changes in the organism. The effects of such a training are not known especially on liver enzymes and muscle damages. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the effects of long-term volleyball training on athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Methodology: 20 male volunteer athletes in volleyball branch participated in the study. In the study, a 12-week training program was applied to the athletes four days a week, and one day intended for conditioning training in each week. Blood samples were received from the athletes for two times when they were resting that was before and at the end of the training. Indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages of athletes were determined in these blood samples received. The data obtained in this study were analysed by SPSS 22 package program. Paired Samples t-test was used in the comparison of pre-post test data of the study group. Significance level was accepted to be p<0,05. Results: After the data evaluated, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test results of muscle damage indicators and CK (Creatine Kinase) and CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB) values of the athletes participating in the study (p<0,05). Considering the pre and post-test results of the athletes’ liver enzymes, a statistically significant difference was found to be at LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and ALP (Alanine aminotransferase) levels (p<0,05) while there was no statistically significant difference at GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) levels.  Conclusion: As a result, regular volleyball training was determined to cause changes in the athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Considering the physiological changes caused by the training programs to be applied, it is thought that the performances of the athletes will be positively affected.

scholarly journals Effects of combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation on athletic performance and recovery of endurance runners：a double blind, random trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiheng Liang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Guoqiang Geng ◽  
Mingyue Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ingesting protein supplementation before endurance exercise. Methods 10 recreationally active male runners (VO2max: 53.61±3.86 ml/kg•min) completed a run-to-exhaustion test three times. Each test involved 90 minutes of running at 70% VO2max, followed by a time to exhausted test for running at 80% VO2max. All subjects ingested three different, randomly assigned, supplement before the first phase. At the end of the first phase, CHO (carbohydrate) + CHO; PRO (protein) + CHO; CHO + PRO. Both carbohydrate and protein were supplemented at 0.4g•kg− 1BM− 1. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). Results Three different supplement regimens did not cause a significant difference in exhaustion time (CHO + CHO: 432.36 ± 225.51s; PRO + CHO: 463.82 ± 227.45s; CHO + PRO: 461.45 ± 248.5s). However, ALT and AST in PRO + CHO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24h after exercise (ALT: 16.8 ± 6.31 VS. 24.39 ± 2.54 U/L; AST: 24.06 ± 4.77 VS. 31.51 ± 7.53 U/L, p < 0.05), and MB in PRO + CHO and CHO + PRO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24 h after exercise (40.71 ± 15.16; 38.12 ± 14.32; 64.32 ± 28.86 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). Compared to CHO + CHO, CK in PRO + CHO increased less 24 h after exercise (404.22 ± 75.31 VS. 642.33 ± 68.57 U/L, p < 0.05). Conclusion Although combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation did not prolong exhaustion time, it can effectively relieve muscle damage, and it is better to supplement PRO before exercise.

Modifications in the Concentrations of Circulating Myoglobin after Treatment with Low Doses of Adriamycin

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Carulli ◽  
Aldo Clerico ◽  
Alessandra Marini ◽  
Maria Grazia Del Chicca ◽  
Renato Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

The modifications in the concentration of circulating myoglobin have been studied by means of a radioimmunoassay in 15 cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy including adriamycin. In 8 patients significant increases in myoglobin levels were found after injection of low doses of the drug (25-50 mg/m2). Moreover, a disturbance of the normal biorhythm of the protein was evident in 12 patients. Creatine kinase-MB was evaluated by means of a radioimmunoassay, but there was no relation between an increase in the isoenzyme and an increase in myoglobin. No ECG modifications were detected. These data indicate that the measurement of myoglobin may offer an indication of myocardial or skeletal muscle damage caused by adriamycin.

scholarly journals The Use of Keyword Video Captioning on Vocabulary Learning Through Mobile-Assisted Language Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Saleh Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Video Captioning ◽  
Mobile Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Teaching Pronunciation

Video captioning is a useful tool for language learning. In the literature, video captioning has been investigated by many studies and the results indicated that video captioning may foster vocabulary learning. Most of the previous studies have investigated the effect of full captions on vocabulary learning. One of the key aspects of vocabulary learning is pronunciation. However, the use of mobile devices for teaching pronunciation has not been investigated conclusively. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the effect of implementing keyword video captioning on L2 pronunciation using mobile devices. Thirty-four Arab EFL university learners participated in this study and were randomly assigned to two groups (key-word captioned video and full captioned video). The study is an experimental one in which pre- and post-tests were administered to both groups. The results indicated that keyword captioning is a useful mode to improve learner’s pronunciation. The post test results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the two modes of captioning on vocabulary learning. However, learners at keyword video captioning performed better that full video captioning. 

scholarly journals The Effect Of Counseling On The Adherence Of Therapeutic Hypertension Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Sekar Prihanti ◽  
Novi Puspita Sari ◽  
Nur Indah Septiani ◽  
Laura Putri Risty L. Tobing ◽  
Annisa Rahayu Adrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Lifestyle Education ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Adherence To Therapy

Failure of therapy is a result of bad adherence  medication. Non-adherence to therapy is a major factor that is suspected to result in uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive patients resulting in more serious complications. Therefore it is important to increase the adherence rate of treatment in patients with hypertension in the treatment process. For this reason, the need for interventions to improve  adherence  with several aspects that can be changed. This study uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design using 100 samples. Data derived from questionnaires containing 25 items of adherence to therapy, 5 items of knowledge, 4 items of trust, 3 items of motivation, 10 items of family support with nonparametric statistical tests used were Mc Nemar test. Mc Nemar test results indicate that there is a significant difference between adherence at the pre-test and at the post-test after counseling with a significance value (p = 0,000). The results also showed that there was a difference in knowledge with a significance value (p = 0.001), motivation with a value (p = 0.031) and family support with a value (p = 0,000). The education with counseling about knowledge, trust, motivation and family support is effective in increasing compliance. There are other changeable factors such as lifestyle education, patient doctor relationships, and the use of smartphone applications for self-reported therapy can improve adherence in patients thereby minimizing therapy failure. Other educational methods that can be used besides counseling are counseling and dissemination of social media information.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PSIKOEDUKASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN INKLUSIVITAS PADA ANAK-ANAK DI YAYASAN PANTI ASUHAN Z

2021 ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Agnes Nugrawati Salim ◽  
Atalya Debora ◽  
Farica Tanojo ◽  
Sriana Sihombing ◽  
Sylvia Dewi Suryaganda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Parametric Statistical Test ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Non Parametric

The research explored the effect of psychoeducation towards knowledge of inclusivity for children at Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z (Z orphanage). Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z (Z orphanage) has been chosen because there is a phenomenon where the typical children shows stigmatization towards the atypical children. There are various form of stigmatization, including physical, attitude, communication, social interaction, et cetera. This research involved 33 children at the Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z having an age range from 11-21 years old. The design used in this research is within-group experimental design. The result of this study indicates that there is an increase after being given psychoeducation. Researchers used the Mann-Whitney non parametric statistical test. The result has shown there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results (p < 0.05, N=28).Penelitian ini melihat pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap pengetahuan inklusivitas pada anak-anak di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z. Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z dipilih karena adanya fenomena stigmatisasi yang tidak disadari antara anak-anak tipikal terhadap anak-anak atipikal yang tinggal di panti tersebut. Bentuk stigmatisasi yang terjadi beragam, seperti fisik, sikap, cara berkomunikasi, cara berteman, dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini melibatkan 33 anak-anak di Yayasan Panti Asuhan Z yang berusia mulai dari 11 hingga 21 tahun. Desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah within-group experimental design. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan inklusivitas yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya hasil pre-test setelah diberikan psikoedukasi. Peneliti menggunakan uji statistik non-parametrik Mann Whitney. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda tersebut, diketahui bahwa hasil pre-test dan post-test memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0.05, N=28).

Biochemical Markers of Myocardial Injury Test Turnaround Time: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 7020 Troponin and 4368 Creatine Kinase–MB Determinations in 159 Institutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Novis ◽  
Bruce A. Jones ◽  
Jane C. Dale ◽  
Molly K. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cardiac Marker ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Abstract Context.—Rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with chest pain may determine the types, and predict the outcomes of, the therapy those patients receive. The amount of time consumed in establishing diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction may depend in part on that consumed in the generation of the blood test results measuring myocardial injury. Objective.—To determine the normative rates of turnaround time (TAT) for biochemical markers of myocardial injury and to examine hospital and laboratory practices associated with faster TATs. Design.—Laboratory personnel in institutions enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Program measured the order-to-report TATs for serum creatine kinase–MB and/or serum troponin (I or T) for patients presenting to their hospital EDs with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Laboratory personnel also completed detailed questionnaires characterizing their laboratories' and hospitals' practices related to testing for biochemical markers of myocardial injury. ED physicians completed questionnaires indicating their satisfaction with testing for biochemical markers of myocardial injury in their hospitals. Setting.—A total of 159 hospitals, predominantly located in the United States, participating in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Program. Results.—Most (82%) laboratory participants indicated that they believed a reasonable order-to-report TATs for biochemical markers of myocardial injury to be 60 minutes or less. Most (75%) of the 1352 ED physicians who completed satisfaction questionnaires believed that the results of tests measuring myocardial injury should be reported back to them in 45 minutes or less, measured from the time that they ordered those tests. Participants submitted TAT data for 7020 troponin and 4368 creatine kinase–MB determinations. On average, they reported 90% of myocardial injury marker results in slightly more than 90 minutes measured from the time that those tests were ordered. Among the fastest performing 25% of participants (75th percentile and above), median order-to-report troponin and creatine kinase–MB TATs were equal to 50 and 48.3 minutes or less, respectively. Shorter troponin TATs were associated with performing cardiac marker studies in EDs or other peripheral laboratories compared to (1) performing tests in central hospital laboratories, and (2) having cardiac marker specimens obtained by laboratory rather than by nonlaboratory personnel. Conclusion.—The TAT expectations of the ED physicians using the results of laboratory tests measuring myocardial injury exceed those of the laboratory personnel providing the results of those tests. The actual TATs of myocardial injury testing meet the expectations of neither the providers of those tests nor the users of those test results. Improving TAT performance will require that the providers and users of laboratory services work together to develop standards that meet the needs of the medical staff and that are reasonably achievable by laboratory personnel.

Characteristics of creatine kinase-MB and MB isoforms in serum after reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2179-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Christenson ◽  
E M Ohman ◽  
P Clemmensen ◽  
P Grande ◽  
J Toffaletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Myocardial Reperfusion ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infarct Related Artery

Abstract Characteristics of CK-MB, the MB1 and MB2 isoforms, and the MB2/MB1 ratio are described in six acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in whom the infarct-related artery was identified and, after intervention, normal coronary flow was re-established. After myocardial reperfusion, washout of CK-MB and the MB2 isoform occurred in parallel, with CK-MB peaking between 5.75 and 10.0 h, and MB2 peaking between 4.50 and 8.00 h. In five of the six patients, MB1 peaked between 8.75 and 15.5 h; the MB2/MB1 ratio demonstrated the earliest peak from 0.75 to 2.25 h. When we compared this study group to an additional 10 AMI patients who had achieved myocardial reperfusion earlier, we found a significant difference (P less than 0.005) for all tests, except MB1 isoform activity, as early as 50 min after reperfusion. This same comparison, by logistic-regression analysis, showed that the MB2/MB1 ratio discriminated between the groups 50 min after reperfusion (P less than 0.05); MB2 showed near-significance at 100 min (P less than 0.057); and CK-MB achieved significance after 200 min (P less than 0.05). CK-MB, the MB2 isoform, and especially the MB2/MB1 ratio show potential for the early, noninvasive detection of myocardial reperfusion.

Information induction for predicting acute myocardial infarction.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Rudolph ◽  
L H Bernstein ◽  
J Babb
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Information Theory ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Noisy Channel ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Abstract We show how to make an unsupervised discrimination of disease and nondisease states by measuring information and using newer notions of inductive reason. We also present a new theory of group-based reference values that is based on measuring information uncertainty. We use data on the isoenzymes creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LD1) and on the percentage of LD1 from 101 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and from 41 patients with suspected, but unfounded, infarction (non-AMI). Calculating the Shannon entropy, a concept from information theory, of the data base allows determination of a difference in entropy values ("effective information"), which determines decision cutoff values that produce binary-base patterns yielding the fewest classification errors. Redundancy in testing is important because it provides the information to approach a goal of errorless discrimination by coding the test results and meeting the conditions of the "Noisy Channel Theorem" of information theory. This redundancy improves the predictive value of diagnosis by isolating the area of equivocation to evident patterns. Results for CK-MB and LD1 are 99% correct in assigning cases to AMI and non-AMI categories; adding %LD1 increases the proportion of errorless binary patterns from 25% to 90%.

Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2598-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Apple ◽  
M. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Myocardial Infarct Size ◽  
Distribution Space ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

Skeletal muscle damage size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 women and 34 men runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of myocardial infarct size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of creatine kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in men, 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in women, 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in men and 7-624 in women. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; men 432 +/- 583 (SD), women 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In men and women, no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal muscle damage occurred in men vs. women runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

scholarly journals The Basic Motion Learning Model of Small Game Based Throwing in Elementary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Gunawan Setiawan ◽  
Syamsuramel Syamsuramel ◽  
Silvi Aryanti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Motion Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Motion

This study aims to develop a small game-based basic motion learning model at Elementary School Number 65 Rejang Lebong. The research method used is research and development (R&D) using ten stages from Borg and Gall. The research instruments used were locomotor, non-locomotor tests, and manipulative basic movement skills tests. The treatment in this study was in the form of a basic motion learning model based on small games given for 4 weeks. The subjects in this study were students in grades 4 and 5 of Elementary School Number 65 Rejang Lebong. Subjects in this study were 30 people. The validation results obtained in small-scale trials regarding the quality of the learning model have entered into the validation criteria filled by the validator with a percentage of 63% and the results of large group trials are declared valid with a percentage of 81.25% which means very feasible. Furthermore, the effectiveness test was carried out using the t-test. In the significance test of the difference using the SPSS tool, the mean value = 0.8666 which shows the difference between the pre-test and post-test results, the results of T-count = 13.730, df = 29, and P-Value = 0.000 <0.05, which means that there are There is a significant difference between before and after being treated with the small game-based learning model of throwing basic motion learning. Where the post-test results have positive results with a significant difference compared to the pre-test results. So that the learning model of the basic motion of throwing based on small games can be used in learning physical education and health in elementary schools. The implication of this research is that the basic motion learning model of throwing based on small games can be used as a form of learning the basic motion of throwing in elementary school children.

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