Monitoring disease and antibiotic treatment in the skin microbiota of farmed seabass fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada ◽  
Ricardo Severino ◽  
Raquel Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The microbiota of fish skin is the primary barrier against disease; however, it is highly dynamic being modulated by several factors. In fish aquaculture, disease outbreaks occur mainly during early-life stages with high associated losses. Antibiotic treatments sometimes remain as the best option to control bacterial diseases, despite many reported negative impacts of its use on fish and associated microbiota. Notwithstanding, studies monitoring the effects of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbiota of fingerlings are scarce. We used a 16S rRNA metataxonomic approach to assess the impact of a mixed infection with Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida and Vibrio harveyi and subsequent antibiotic treatment with flumequine, on the skin microbiota of farmed seabass Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings. Both disease and antibiotic treatment led to a significant increase in bacterial diversity and core microbial communities and impacted microbial structure. Dysbiosis was confirmed by changes in the abundance of potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial taxa. Skin bacterial metabolic function was also significantly affected by flumequine administration, suggesting a detriment to fish skin health. Our results add to an increasing body of literature, showing how fish microbiome response to disease and antibiotics is not easily predicted.

scholarly journals Effects of disease, antibiotic treatment and recovery trajectory on the microbiome of farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Raquel Xavier ◽  
Ricardo Severino ◽  
Fernando Tavares ◽  
Jo Cable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Recovery Trajectory

AbstractThe mucosal surfaces of fish harbour microbial communities that can act as the first-line of defense against pathogens. Infectious diseases are one of the main constraints to aquaculture growth leading to huge economic losses. Despite their negative impacts on microbial diversity and overall fish health, antibiotics are still the method of choice to treat many such diseases. Here, we use 16 rRNA V4 metataxonomics to study over a 6 week period the dynamics of the gill and skin microbiomes of farmed seabass before, during and after a natural disease outbreak and subsequent antibiotic treatment with oxytetracycline. Photobacterium damselae was identified as the most probable causative agent of disease. Both infection and antibiotic treatment caused significant, although asymmetrical, changes in the microbiome composition of the gills and skin. The most dramatic changes in microbial taxonomic abundance occurred between healthy and diseased fish. Disease led to a decrease in the bacterial core diversity in the skin, whereas in the gills there was both an increase and a shift in core diversity. Oxytetracycline caused a decrease in core diversity in the gill and an increase in the skin. Severe loss of core diversity in fish mucosae demonstrates the disruptive impact of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbial communities of healthy fish.

scholarly journals A rapid review of the impact of quarantine and restricted environments on children’s play and health outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Graber ◽  
Elizabeth Mary Byrne ◽  
Emily J Goodacre ◽  
Natalie Kirby ◽  
Krishna Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Children's Play ◽  
Children’S Play ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

In the wake of the current COVID-19 health crisis, there is uncertainty and concern about the impact this pandemic will have on children’s health and educational outcomes. Play is a fundamental part of childhood and can be integral to children’s health in moments of crisis. Due to severe lockdown regulations around the world, typical play experiences have needed to adapt to school and playground closures, changes to peer interactions, and social distancing. We undertook a rapid literature review of the impact of quarantine, isolation, or other restrictive environments on children’s play and whether play may mitigate the adverse effects of such restrictions. Fifteen peer-reviewed studies were identified, spanning various environments in which children faced restriction, including hospitalisation, juvenile and immigration detention, and displacement to a refugee camp. We found that the literature provided evidence of changes in children’s access to play under restrictive circumstances, but less conclusive inferences regarding changes in frequency of play behaviours. These studies also indicated ways in which play might support children going through periods of isolation or quarantine, via promoting coping, expression, sociability, and skill development, but critically lacked robust investigations of play as a mechanism or intervention target in mitigating the negative impacts of restriction during childhood. Studies pertaining to children in isolation due to infectious disease outbreaks were notably absent from the literature reviewed in this search. We present these findings from the literature followed by recommendations for further research that may better support children in this and future moments of crisis.

An Exploration of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences on FMCG Industry in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imtiaz Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Hasan Polas ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Tahiya Islam ◽  
Yasmin Jamadar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the article was to explore the impact and consequences of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on the FMCG Industry in Bangladesh. To achieve the research objective Qualitative methodology was applied by using focus group discussion on the online platforms during the movement restriction period. We collected data from four informants and they were chosen based on their professional relevancy with the FMCG industry. Existing documents also analyzed. This study found that COVID-19 has significant negative impacts on the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. The informants provide the miserable scenario of the industry during this pandemic besides suggesting possible corporate strategies. This article discusses the impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, in order to provide a better understanding to government and practitioners of why improving the management of response to infectious disease outbreaks is so critical for a country’s economy, its society, and its place in the global community. 

FAKTOR DETERMINAN PENYALURAN KREDIT BANK PERSERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.

scholarly journals 288. Follow-Up Blood Cultures in Gram-Negative Bacteremia: How Do They Impact Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S144-S144
Author(s):  
Azza Elamin ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ali Abunayla ◽  
Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi ◽  
aditee Dash
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background As opposed to Staphylococcus. aureus bacteremia, there are no guidelines to recommend repeating blood cultures in Gram-negative bacilli bacteremia (GNB). Several studies have questioned the utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in GNB, but the impact of this practice on clinical outcomes is not fully understood. Our aim was to study the practice of obtaining FUBCs in GNB at our institution and to assess it’s impact on clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of adult patients, ≥ 18 years of age admitted with GNB between January 2017 and December 2018. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in those with and without FUBCs. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, presumed source of bacteremia and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Presence of fever, hypotension /shock and white blood cell (WBC) count on the day of FUBC was recorded. The primary objective was to compare 30-day mortality between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare differences in 30-day readmission rate, hospital length of stay (LOS) and duration of antibiotic treatment. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables, frequency and proportion were used for categorical variables. P-value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results 482 patients were included, and of these, 321 (67%) had FUBCs. 96% of FUBCs were negative and 2.8% had persistent bacteremia. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between those with and without FUBCs (2.9% and 2.7% respectively), or in 30-day readmission rate (21.4% and 23.4% respectively). In patients with FUBCs compared to those without FUBCs, hospital LOS was longer (7 days vs 5 days, P < 0.001), and mean duration of antibiotic treatment was longer (14 days vs 11 days, P < 0.001). A higher number of patients with FUBCs needed ICU care compared to those without FUBCs (41.4% and 25.5% respectively, P < 0.001) Microbiology of index blood culture in those with and without FUBCs Outcomes in those with and without FUBCs FUBCs characteristics Conclusion Obtaining FUBCs in GNB had no impact on 30-day mortality or 30-day readmission rate. It was associated with longer LOS and antibiotic duration. Our findings suggest that FUBCs in GNB are low yield and may not be recommended in all patients. Prospective studies are needed to further examine the utility of this practice in GNB. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation.

scholarly journals Inequality, policy polarization and the income gap in turnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110119
Author(s):  
Matthew Polacko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research into the relationship between income inequality and turnout inequality has produced mixed results, as consensus is lacking whether inequality reduces turnout for all income groups, low-income earners, or no one. Therefore, this paper builds on this literature by introducing supply-side logic, through the first individual-level test of the impact that income inequality (moderated by policy manifesto positions) has on turnout. It does so through multilevel logistic regressions utilizing mixed effects, on a sample of 30 advanced democracies in 102 elections from 1996 to 2016. It finds that higher levels of income inequality significantly reduce turnout and widen the turnout gap between rich and poor. However, it also finds that when party systems are more polarized, low-income earners are mobilized the greatest extent coupled with higher inequality, resulting in a significantly reduced income gap in turnout. The findings magnify the negative impacts income inequality can exert on political behavior and contribute to the study of policy offerings as a key moderating mechanism in the relationship.

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