scholarly journals Comparing Insecticide-Treated Nets Access-Use Based On Universal Household and Population Indicators Vis-A-Vis Measures Adapted to Sleeping Spaces in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kebede ◽  
Morankar Sudhakar ◽  
Guda Alemayehu ◽  
Lakew Abebe ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) access-use has been pivotal monitoring indicator for malaria prevention and control, particularly in resource limited settings. Objectives: To compare ITN access-use based on universal household and population indicators and measures adapted to sleeping spaces Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, March, 2019. 762 HHs were sampled for the survey. We used multi-stage followed by simple random sampling. Monitoring and evaluation reference group’s (MERG’s) indicators were used for measuring ITN access-use. MERG’s indicators are each adapted ITN access-use to sleeping spaces. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Differences of estimates of ITN access-use based on the two methods reported as magnitude of over/under estimations, at p-value <0.05. Results: Based on MERG’s approach, the study revealed household (HH) based indicators as such: HH ownership of at least 1 ITN (92.6%), sufficiency of ITN for every two people in HH (50.3%), and saturation of ITN for every 2 people in HHs with any ITN (54.6%). Moreover, population based indicators were: population with ITN access (P3=78.6%), people who slept under ITN previous night (63.0%), people who slept under ITN among who accessed it (73.1%), ITN use-gap (26.9%). Equivalent indicators of HH ownership, sufficiency, saturation, people accessed at where they actually slept, and people slept under ITN among those who accessed where they slept estimated at 71.3%, 49.4%, 69.3%, 66.3%, and 92.1%, respectively. MERG’s approach over-estimated ownership, people’s access, and behavior-failures by 21.3%, 12.3%, 19.0%, respectively. Over-estimation occurred for reasons such as many sleeping spaces lack ITN and > 2 people actually sleep in one space. Conclusions: MERG’s universal indicators over estimated households and populations ITN access-use as a result of absence of measures capturing access-use values at spaces where people actually slept. Consequently, measures adapted to sleeping contexts revealed potential misdistributions practiced when the existing indicators are in use. Insertion of sleeping spaces into existing approach will be worthwhile and needs to be promoted as it improves curiosity in ITN distribution, produces closer estimates and prevents malaria prevention and control programs from overlooking access-use challenges.

scholarly journals Comparing insecticide-treated nets access-use based on universal household and population indicators vis-a-vis measures adapted to sleeping spaces in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kebede ◽  
Morankar Sudhakar ◽  
Guda Alemayehu ◽  
Lakew Abebe ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) access-use has been pivotal monitoring indicator for malaria prevention and control, particularly in resource limited settings. The objective of the study was to compare ITN access-use based on universal household and population indicators and measures adapted to sleeping spaces. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, March, 2019. 762 HHs were sampled for the survey. Multi-stage followed by simple random sampling used. Monitoring and evaluation reference group’s (MERG’s) indicators were used for measuring ITN access-use. MERG’s indicators are each adapted ITN access-use to sleeping spaces. Household (ownership, saturation and sufficiency) and population access and household members’ status of last night sleeping under ITN compared based on the two models. Differences of estimates of ITN access-use based on the two methods reported as magnitude of over/under estimations, at p-value < 0.05. Results Based on MERG’s approach, the study revealed household (HH) based indicators as such: HH ownership of at least 1 ITN (92.6%), sufficiency of ITN for every two people in HH (50.3%), and saturation of ITN for every 2 people in HHs with any ITN (54.6%). Moreover, population based indicators were: population with ITN access (P3 = 78.6%), people who slept under ITN previous night (63.0%), people who slept under ITN among who accessed it (73.1%), ITN use-gap (26.9%). Equivalent indicators of HH ownership, sufficiency, saturation, and people accessed at where they actually slept, and people slept under ITN among those accessed at where they slept estimated at 71.3%, 49.4%, 69.3%, 66.3%, and 92.1%, respectively. MERG’s approach over-estimated ownership, people’s access, and behaviour-failures by 21.3%, 12.3%, 19.0%, respectively. Over-estimation occurred for reasons such as many sleeping spaces lack ITN and > 2 people actually slept per sleeping space. Conclusions MERG’s universal indicators over estimated households and populations ITN access-use as a result of absence of measures capturing access-use values at spaces where people actually slept. Consequently, measures adapted to sleeping contexts revealed potential misdistributions practiced when the existing indicators are in use. Insertion of sleeping spaces into existing approach will be worthwhile and needs to be promoted as it improves curiosity in ITN distribution, produces closer estimates and prevents malaria prevention and control programmes from overlooking access-use challenges.

scholarly journals Reproductive-Age Women’s Knowledge and Care Seeking for Malaria Prevention and Control in Ghana: Analysis of the 2016 Malaria Indicator Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
John Tetteh ◽  
Asiwome Ameko ◽  
Wisdom Kudzo Axame ◽  
Robert Kaba Alhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
Women’S Knowledge

Introduction. Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring individual and environmental level controls to prevent its adverse morbidity effects. This study examined reproductive-aged women’s knowledge and care-seeking practices for malaria prevention and control in Ghana. Methods. The 2016 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey data for reproductive-age women was analysed (n=5,150). Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with reproductive-aged women’s knowledge and care-seeking practices for malaria. Results. 62.3%, 81.3%, and 64.6% knowledge levels on causes, signs/symptoms, and prevention of malaria were found, respectively, among respondents. Age, wealth and educational status, religion, region, and place of residence (rural) were found to significantly influence respondents’ knowledge of causes, signs/symptoms, and care-seeking practices for malaria. A 15% differential among Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) awareness and use was found. Increasing age (≥35 years) was associated with increasing knowledge of malaria. Regional variations were observed to significantly influence knowledge of malaria treatment. Conclusion. Though ownership of ITNs and knowledge of malaria prevention were high, it did not necessarily translate into use of ITNs. Thus, there is a need to intensify education on the importance and the role of ITNs use in the prevention of malaria.

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogale Belay ◽  
Tegenu Gelana ◽  
Araya Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Ethiopia has achieved considerable progresses in the prevention and control of malaria in the past decades; hitherto it is a formidable health concern and socio-economic impediment. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of malaria and KAP towards malaria among febrile patients at Chagni health center in Chagni Town during September 2017 to February 2018. In order to determine the magnitude of malaria, finger prick blood samples were collected and thick and thin smears were prepared and microscopically examined for the presence of malaria parasites. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also applied to assess KAP of suspected malaria patients, attending the health center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results Prevalence of malaria among febrile patients, who visited the sampled health facility, was 7.3%. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections accounted for 55, 44.3 and 0.7% of the cases, respectively. This study also revealed that 97% of the respondents had ever heard about malaria and recognized it as a serious health problem. Mosquito bite was identified as the main malaria transmission. Taking drug (86.3%), use of mosquito nets (73.3%), drain stagnated water (68%), and house spay with insecticides (66%) were mentioned as the main malaria prevention methods. Mosquito net coverage and utilizations in the prior night were 98 and 75%, respectively. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 99%, of which 77.5% of study participants’ houses have been sprayed in the last 6 months. Conclusions The current study revealed that prevalence of malaria among febrile illnesses in the study area was relatively low (7.3%) with a high proportion of P. falciparum. Besides, participants had adequate knowledge, encouraging attitudes, and good practices about prevention and control of malaria. However, some misconceptions on malaria disease, its transmission, and prevention have been noted that actually require due attention by the concerned stakeholders. The findings of this study could be used as important inputs for the implementation of effective malaria prevention and control methods, including community health education programs, and scaling up coverage of evidence-based interventions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Malaria Community Worker towards Prevention and Control of Malaria in Kokap, Kulon Progo: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Noor Afif Mahmudah ◽  
Intan Esaputri ◽  
Halwan Fuad Bayuangga ◽  
Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi ◽  
Alif Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Worker ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
And Control

Background: Malaria Community Worker (CMW) has a crucial role in malaria prevention and control in the community. However, a number of studies showed that there is a lack of competence from MCW in carrying out its duties. Knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) can represent the behavior about health services. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of the Malaria Community Worker towards prevention and control of malaria in Kokap, Kulon Progo. Methods: KAP survey with cross-sectional design was conducted in this study. CMW from Puskesmas Kokap I (n = 8) was asked to fill out a KAP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25. Results: The study found that 100% of respondents (n = 8) obtained high knowledge scores with the highest aspect on understanding about malaria and the lowest on diagnosis. The attitude score showed a moderate attitude for 100% of respondents (n = 8) with the highest aspect was fogging for malaria prevention and the lowest was the attitude that malaria is a serious disease. Meanwhile, the score of practice described good practice in 100% of respondents (n = 8) with the lowest part was compiling daily/weekly reports to the malaria program coordinator of Primary Health Care. From the observations, there was no significant correlation (p> 0.05) between demographic characteristics and between knowledge, attitudes and practice. Conclusion: The CMWs had a high knowledge score, moderate attitude, and good practice towards malaria prevention and control. Further studies with a larger sample are recommended for future study. CMW training is also recommended to improve the KAP of CMW.

MALARIA-RELATED HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND CHALLENGES FOR CARE PROVIDERS IN RURAL ETHIOPIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAKGARI DERESSA ◽  
AHMED ALI ◽  
DAMEN HAILEMARIAM
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
And Control

SummaryA range of activities are currently underway to improve access to malaria prevention and control interventions. As disease control strategies change over time, it is crucial to understand the health-seeking behaviour and the local socio-cultural context in which the changes in interventions operate. This paper reflects on how people in an area of seasonal malaria perceive the causes and transmission of the disease, and what prevention and treatment measures they practise to cope with the disease. It also highlights some of the challenges of malaria treatment for health care providers. The study was undertaken in 2003 in Adami Tulu District in south-central Ethiopia, where malaria is a major health problem. Pre-tested structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were conducted among men and women. Malaria, locally known as busa, was perceived as the most important cause of ill health in the area. Respondent’s perception and knowledge about the cause and transmission of the disease were relatively high. The newly introduced insecticide-treated nets were not popular in the area, and only 6·4% of households possessed at least one. The results showed that patients use multiple sources of health care for malaria treatment. Public health facilities, private clinics and community health workers were the main providers of malaria treatment. Despite higher treatment costs, people preferred to use private health care providers for malaria treatment due to the higher perceived quality of care they offer. In conclusion, effort in the prevention and control of malaria should be intensified through addressing not only public facilities, but also the private sector and community-based control interventions. Appropriate and relevant information on malaria should be disseminated to the local community. The authors propose the provision of effective antimalarial drugs and malaria prevention tools such as subsidized or free insecticide-treated nets.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit BARI Palembang

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Siti Amallia ◽  
Rahmalia Afriyani ◽  
Siska Putri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control

The appearance of anemia during the maternity caused the death of mothers indirectly. Based on the data from BARI hospital Palembang in 2015, it was found for about 29 (13 %) of 2218 maternity mothers affected by anemia. The objectives of this study were to discover the influential factors on the appearance of anemia on maternity women in the BARI Hospital Palembang in 2015. The cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. The population of the study was all the maternity women who checked their pregnancy in the BARI hospital in 2015. There were 236 respondents taken by using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by using frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The result of study showed that 31 (13.1%) respondents got anemia during their pregnancy, there was the correlation between the age (p-value=0.032)  and parity of maternity women (p-value=0.005) on anemia, and there was no correlation between the education and occupation of maternity women who affected by anemia. The regression logistic test showed that age and parity influenced the affection of anemia on maternity women and the most influential factor was the parity with OR = 4.012. Suggested to health officer will improve the counseling for maternity women about the importance of family planning after childbirth and control the number of children, so anemia cases in pregnancy will be decreased.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MALARIA PREVENTION AND CONTROL METHODS IN SHENDI LOCALITY, SUDAN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Omar Yousof Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Service ◽  
And Control

This paper represented the founding of community based cross sectional study conducted to assess methods of prevention and control of malaria in Shendi city. Specifically it aims to evaluate the different methods of prevention service offered by local health authorities.Evaluation of community participation towards control of malaria and evaluation of personal protection against mosquito bite.Sample size of 192 was selected randomly out of 9000 households. An interview’ questionnaires and observations were used to collect the data from households, then the data was analyzed using both Microsoft Excel and Statistic Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS).The main results showed that Most dominant level of education of shendi populationwas university and secondary school.The study concludes that most population used personal protection against mosquito bites.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Unsafe Abortion among Female Students in Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Chandra Mani Acharya ◽  
Bipin Bahadur Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Control

The term 'abortion' is a deliberate termination of unwanted human pregnancy. To save maternal health and life and control population growth, abortion has been legally permitted in Nepal since 2002. Most of the female youths stay away from home and are vulnerable to risky behavior regarding sex related matters. They have no proper knowledge about unsafe abortion. The objective of this article is to investigate the knowledge about unsafe abortion among the female youths in Pokhara. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 BBS first-year female students by using the simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared to assess the participants’ socio-demographic factors along with their knowledge about unsafe abortion. The association of knowledge was categorized with selected variables. Out of the 133 respondents, 49.6 percent were from the age group 19-20, 46.6 percent from the group of Janjati, 78.2 percent from the group of Hindu followers and 86.5 percent from the single respondents. The majority of the respondents (71.4 percent) were found to have the knowledge that over-bleeding was the consequence of abortion. Among the total respondents, 58 percent respondents had good knowledge about unsafe abortion and 15 percent had poor knowledge about unsafe abortion. No significant connection of age with knowledge of unsafe abortion has been observed during the study as the p value is greater than 0.05 at 95 confidence level, but other variables like caste, religion, place of residence and marital status have been found to have a significant relation with knowledge of unsafe abortion because p value is smaller than 0.05 at 95 confidence level.

scholarly journals Social Responsibility Behaviors among Universities Students in the 3 Southern Border Provinces of Thailand in the Period of Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-989
Author(s):  
Awirut SINGKUN ◽  
Fatin PAYODEURAMAE ◽  
Nuseeta SAMAE ◽  
Piriya PATIWIKRIWONG ◽  
Khajornsak CHAINAPONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
University Students ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The State ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

The objectives of this cross-sectional research were to study university students’ knowledge on COVID-19 transmission, their attitude toward the measures of COVID-19 prevention and control, social responsibility behaviors, and factors association with participants’ social responsibility behaviors. The population from 3 universities were 17,765 students, the sample size was at least 376 participants according to Krejcie and Morgan’s formula. Purposive sampling was employed to select the target participants. Then, each student shared the questionnaire link with their friends. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed by using Google Forms. The content validity was evaluated by 3 experts; the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) of each item of all part was 1 and the coefficient of reliability knowledge and attitude were more than 0.70. The links of each Google Form was sent through Facebook and Line contact friends and asked them for distribution to others. The were 416 students who completed the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, while for the association study, Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used. The results disclosed that the university students had the knowledge of Covid-19 transmission at Moderate level (50.72 %), and had the attitude of the state measures for Covid-19 prevention and control in High level (81.01 %). Additionally, their social responsibility behaviors for COVID-19 prevention and control were in High level (57.21 %). The knowledge on Covid-19 transmission was significantly associated with social responsibility behaviors among university students (p-value < 0.05) as well as their attitude on the state measures for Covid-19 prevention and control that was significantly associated with university students’ social responsibility behaviors (p-value < 0.01).

scholarly journals Perception of Risk for Lassa Fever among Residents of a Rural Community in Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
I Alenoghena ◽  
V Omuemu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
P Value ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Edo State ◽  
State And Local ◽  
And Control

Background: The prevention and control of Lassa fever depends on the adoption of appropriate behavioural practices. The expected changes are best explained using the Health Belief Model. The study investigated respondents’ perception of their risk for Lassa fever infection and its associated factors in Akhalowa community of Edo State. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible heads of households using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics on IBM SPSS version 22.0. A p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results: The participants included 220 respondents with mean age (SD) of 37.9 (13.2) years. There were 127 (57.7%) females and 143 (65.0%) respondents had at least secondary education. One hundred and ninety one (86.8%) of them were aware of Lassa fever, out of which 146 (76.4%) had overall good perception of their risk for the disease and 144 (75.4%) agreed that Lassa fever was a problem in the community. One hundred and seventy seven (92.7%) agreed that complying with preventive measures would protect them against Lassa fever. Respondents’ good knowledge of Lassa fever was the only significant predictor of good perception of risk for Lassa fever [Odds Ratio=3.806; 95 CI = 1.498-9.672, p=0.005]. Conclusion: The study revealed overall good perception of risk for Lassa fever among the respondents. It is therefore recommended that this is sustained through continuous risk communication messages on the prevention and control of Lassa fever to the people by the Edo State and local governments.

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