scholarly journals Peste Des Petits Ruminants: A First Retrospective Investigation Among Susceptible Animal Species in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haroun ◽  
Nawal M. Abdulla ◽  
Mohammed Habeb ◽  
Elmoubasher A. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Susceptible Animal ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
First Time

Abstract A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Qatar. Three hundred sixty-eight blood, swabs, and organ tissue samples collected between 2009 and 2016 were screened for PPR viral antibodies, antigens and nucleic acids using ELISA-Ab, ELISA-Ag and rRT-PCR, respectively. Fifteen PPR positive samples were subjected to virus isolation using Vero cell lines. 52% (n=192) of the samples were shown positive for PPR reporting first time infection of 52% (n=71) animal species including sheep, goat, deer, gazelle, addax, Oryx, blackbuck, deer, springbuck and waterbuck. Eight PPR virus (PPRV) field isolates demonstrated classical PPRV cytopathic effect (CPE) and shown positive for the virus antigens proving finally virus isolation. Sheep had the highest infection rate (55%) followed by wild ruminants (54%) and goats (47%). History wise, PPR might exist in Qatar before 2009. A systematic investigation is recommended to identify the risk factors associated with exposure of the susceptible animals to PPR infection, to test the susceptibility of the different species to PPR infection, and to describe the molecular entity and the replicative potentiality of the circulating field strains.

scholarly journals Bovine ephemeral fever epidemics in Kingdom Saudi Arabia: clinical, epidemiological and molecular investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Zaghawa ◽  
Fadhel Housawi ◽  
Abdulmohsen Al-Naeem ◽  
Ahmed Elsify ◽  
Yamen Mohammed Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The molecular detection of BEFV by RT-PCR and real- time RT-qPCR were found more sensitive for diagnosis of the disease than virus isolation; 80% and 90% for the former tests and 55% for the latter. Three isolates were sequenced, they showed 84.7% - 100% identities in between and shared 90.4%-96.5% sequence identity with a previously published sequence from Australia (KF679404). The generated sequences belonged to 3rd cluster of BEFV glycoprotein. Conclusions: BEF occurrence has cyclic nature and the efficacy of vaccines prepared from local strains has to be evaluated and considered in diseases control.

scholarly journals Screening for West Nile virus infections of susceptible animal species in Austria

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. WEISSENBÖCK ◽  
Z. HUBÁLEK ◽  
J. HALOUZKA ◽  
A. PICHLMAIR ◽  
A. MADERNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Susceptible Animal ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Avian mortality and encephalomyelitis in equines are considered good indicators for West Nile virus (WNV) activity. We retrospectively tested 385 horse sera for WNV antibodies and looked for WNV nucleic acid and/or WNV antigen in paraffin embedded tissues from 12 horses with aetiologically unresolved encephalomyelitis and 102 free-living birds of different species which had been found dead. With the exception of four horses originating from eastern European countries investigated on the occasion of transit through Austria, all horse sera were negative. Nested RT-PCR of the horse tissues yielded no amplification of WNV-RNA. Also, all bird samples, examined by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and nested RT-PCR were negative for WNV. These results indicate that currently WNV cannot be considered a significant pathogen in Austria.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic Evidence of Reinfection and Persistence of SARS-CoV-2: First Report from Colombia

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Juan David Ramírez ◽  
Marina Muñoz ◽  
Nathalia Ballesteros ◽  
Luz H. Patiño ◽  
Sergio Castañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oxford Nanopore Technologies

The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of novel variants have raised concerns about possible reinfection events and potential changes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics. Utilizing Oxford Nanopore technologies, we sequenced paired samples of three patients with positive RT-PCR results in a 1–2-month window period, and subsequent phylogenetics and genetic polymorphism analysis of these genomes was performed. Herein, we report, for the first time, genomic evidence of one case of reinfection in Colombia, exhibiting different SARS-CoV-2 lineage classifications between samples (B.1 and B.1.1.269). Furthermore, we report two cases of possible viral persistence, highlighting the importance of deepening our understanding on the evolutionary intra-host traits of this virus throughout different timeframes of disease progression. These results emphasize the relevance of genomic surveillance as a tool for understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics, and how this may translate effectively to future control and mitigations efforts, such as the national vaccination program.

scholarly journals Current Status of Putative Animal Sources of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans: Wildlife, Domestic Animals and Pets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Max Maurin ◽  
Florence Fenollar ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Christian Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Susceptible Animal

SARS-CoV-2 is currently considered to have emerged from a bat coronavirus reservoir. However, the real natural cycle of this virus remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to novel opportunities for SARS-CoV-2 transmission between humans and susceptible animal species. In silico and in vitro evaluation of the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and eucaryotic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor have tentatively predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection of several animal species. Although useful, these data do not always correlate with in vivo data obtained in experimental models or during natural infections. Other host biological properties may intervene such as the body temperature, level of receptor expression, co-receptor, restriction factors, and genetic background. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 also depends on the extent and duration of viral shedding in the infected host as well as population density and behaviour (group living and grooming). Overall, current data indicate that the most at-risk interactions between humans and animals for COVID-19 infection are those involving certain mustelids (such as minks and ferrets), rodents (such as hamsters), lagomorphs (especially rabbits), and felines (including cats). Therefore, special attention should be paid to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with pets.

Isolation of Arboviruses From Cattle and Insects at 2 Sentinel Sites in Queensland, Australia, 1979-85

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Cybinski ◽  
MJ Muller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Akabane Virus ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Intrathoracic Inoculation ◽  
First Time

Blood samples were collected regularly from two sentinel herds of cattle in northern and southern Queensland between 1979 and 1985. From 2660 samples, virus isolation attempts using baby hamster kidney (BHK21) and Aedes albopictus (AA) tissue cultures and suckling mice produced 308 viruses of which 243 (79%) were in the Palyam subgroup of orbiviruses. Mosquitoes and biting midges were collected at the southern sentinel herd site in January-February 1984 and processed for virus isolation in BHK2l and AA tissue cultures and by intrathoracic inoculation of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Totals of 14 338 midges of four species in 156 pools, and 9030 mosquitoes of 27 species in 232 pools, were processed and yielded 59 isolations. Of the 35 viruses isolated from Culicoides brevitarsis, 17 were members of the Palyam subgroup. Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus was isolated once from Anopheles bancroftii, once from C. brevitarsis and 17 times from cattle. Akabane virus was isolated for the first time from C. wadai, as well as a further 10 times from C. brevitarsis and 20 times from cattle. Other viruses isolated from cattle included bluetongue serotype 1, and serotypes 5, 6 and 7 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD). A new BEF group virus, tentatively called Oak Vale, was isolated nine times from Culex edwardsi mosquitoes. Of the orbiviruses, those in the Palyam subgroup were isolated almost exclusively in BHK2l tissue cultures but those in the bluetongue and EHD subgroups were isolated almost exclusively in AA cell cultures or after passage through Ae. aegypti. Of 22 rhabdovirus isolations from blood and insects (BEF, Kimberley and Tibrogargan), 16 were made only in AA cell cultures or after passage through Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 3422-3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SINGH ◽  
M. CHHABRA ◽  
P. SHARMA ◽  
R. JAISWAL ◽  
G. SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Western India ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease in India which is prevalent in neighbouring countries. CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a widespread tick-borne virus which is endemic in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In the present study, samples of clinically suspected human cases from different areas of northern-western India were tested for the presence of CCHFV by RT–PCR through amplification of nucleocapsid (N) gene of CCHFV. Positive samples were sequenced to reveal the prevailing CCHFV genotype(s) and phylogenetic relatedness. A phylogenetic tree revealed the emergence of diverse strains in the study region showing maximum identity with the Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran strains, which was different from earlier reported Indian strains. Our findings reveal for the first time the emergence of the Asia 1 group in India; while earlier reported CCHFV strains belong to the Asia 2 group.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Group A Rotavirus Genotypes in Moscow (2019–2020)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Anton Yuzhakov ◽  
Ksenia Yuzhakova ◽  
Nadezhda Kulikova ◽  
Lidia Kisteneva ◽  
Stanislav Cherepushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Time ◽  
Common Combination ◽  
Children Under 5

Group A rotavirus (RVA) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization of children under 5 years old, presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of our study was to explore the genetic diversity of RVA among patients admitted to Moscow Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital No. 1 with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. A total of 653 samples were collected from May 2019 through March 2020. Out of them, 135 (20.67%) fecal samples were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen by ELISA. RT-PCR detected rotavirus RNA in 80 samples. Seven G-genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12) and three P-genotypes (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) formed 9 different combinations. The most common combination was G9P[8]. However, for the first time in Moscow, the combination G3P[8] took second place. Moreover, all detected viruses of this combination belonged to Equine-like G3P[8] viruses that had never been detected in Russia before. The genotype G8P[8] and G9P[4] rotaviruses were also detected in Moscow for the first time. Among the studied rotaviruses, there were equal proportions of Wa and DS-1-like strains; previous studies showed that Wa-like strains accounted for the largest proportion of rotaviruses in Russia.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) for detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype A

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Márcia Mercês Aparecida Bianchi dos Santos ◽  
Renata Servan de Almeida ◽  
Clarice Weis Arns
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Avian Metapneumovirus ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Subtype A

Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) belongs to Metapneumovirus genus of Paramyxoviridae family. Virus isolation, serology, and detection of genomic RNA are used as diagnostic methods for AMPV. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection of six subgroup A AMPV isolates (AMPV/A) viral RNA by using different conventional and real time RT-PCR methods. Two new RT-PCR tests and two real time RT-PCR tests, both detecting fusion (F) gene and nucleocapsid (N) gene were compared with an established test for the attachment (G) gene. All the RT-PCR tested assays were able to detect the AMPV/A. The lower detection limits were observed using the N-, F- based RRT-PCR and F-based conventional RT-PCR (10(0.3) to 10¹ TCID50 mL-1). The present study suggests that the conventional F-based RT-PCR presented similar detection limit when compared to N- and F-based RRT-PCR and they can be successfully used for AMPV/A detection.

scholarly journals Comparison of virus isolation using the Vero E6 cell line with real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsuzaki ◽  
Katsumi Mizuta ◽  
Emi Takashita ◽  
Michiko Okamoto ◽  
Tsutomu Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay

scholarly journals Expression of the Short Form of RON/STK in Feline Mammary Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorella Maniscalco ◽  
Silvia Guil-Luna ◽  
Selina Iussich ◽  
Francesca Gattino ◽  
Calogero Trupia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Alternative Promoter ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feline Mammary Carcinoma

RON is a tyrosine kinase receptor activated by the macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) ligand that is overexpressed in human breast cancer. In humans, RON protein can be present in different isoforms, and the most studied isoform is represented by the short form of RON ( sf-RON), which is generated by an alternative promoter located in intron 10 of the RON complementary DNA (cDNA). It plays an important role in breast cancer progression. Considering the many similarities between feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) and human breast cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of both RON and MSP in FMCs and to identify the presence of the sf-RON transcript. Tissue samples of spontaneous mammary tumors were collected from 60 queens (10 benign lesions, 50 carcinomas). All of the samples were tested for RON and MSP expression by immunohistochemistry; moreover, RNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples, and the cDNA was tested by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify the presence of sf-RON. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of RON and MSP in 34 of 50 (68%) and 29 of 50 (58%) FMCs, respectively. RT-PCR revealed the presence of the short-form in 18 of 47 (38%) FMCs. This form originates, as in humans, from an alternative promoter (P2), and it codes for the proper feline short form ( sf-RON). sf-RON expression was associated with poorly differentiated tumors and with a shorter disease-free ( P < .05; hazard ratio [HR], 2.2) period and a shorter survival ( P < .05; HR, 2.2). These results support FMC as a suitable model in comparative oncology and identify sf-RON expression as potential predictor of outcomes for this disease.

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