Arginine Promotes Testicular Development in Boars through Nitric Oxide and Putrescine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqin Wei ◽  
De Wu ◽  
Wenxian Zeng ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
Shengyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Abstract Background: The present work aimed to explore the influence of arginine on testicular development in boars and the underlying mechanism. Methods: To this end, thirty 30-day-old male Duroc piglets (7.00 ± 0.30 kg) were randomly sorted into two groups maintained on either a basal diet (CON, n = 15) or a diet supplemented with 0.8% arginine (ARG, n = 15). The average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and testicular volume were determined periodically, and serum samples were collected once every 30 days. The amino acid composition and arginine metabolite levels were estimated in testes samples, collected by castration of three 150-day-old boars randomly selected from each group. Boars semen was collected at 240 days of age to estimate sperm production and quality. Results: The results showed that dietary supplementation of arginine had no effect on boar growth performance (P > 0.05) but increased the testicular volume and weight of 120- and 150-day-old boars, respectively (P < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of testicular histology showed a higher value for the number of spermatogonia and height of the seminiferous epithelium in the ARG group (P < 0.05). The sperm density, total number of sperm, and effective number of sperm of the boars in the ARG group increased significantly compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Although arginine supplementation did not affect plasma amino acid levels, the testicular arginine levels in 150-day-old boars showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). The level of serum nitric oxide (NO) and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) also increased in 150-day-old boars in the ARG group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary supplementation of arginine increased the testicular levels of putrescine in 150-day-old boars (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that arginine supplementation increases serum NO levels and testicular arginine and putrescine levels, thereby improving testicular development and semen quality in boars.

scholarly journals Top-dressing 1% arginine supplementation in the lactation diet of sows does not affect the litter performance and milk composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djane Dallanora ◽  
Marina Patricia Walter ◽  
Jéssica Marcon ◽  
Camila Saremba ◽  
Mari Lourdes Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of arginine supplementation in the lactation diet of sows on their milk composition, litter performance and piglet survival. Sixty-four lactating Landrace x Large White sows, parity 1 to 7, were randomly assigned to two treatments: 1) Control - a corn/soybean meal based diet with 1.10% standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine and 3,475kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) kg-1, and 2) arginine - the control diet top-dressed daily with arginine at 1% of feed allowance. The daily feed allowance per sow was 5.0 and 7.5kg from day (D)0 to D7 and D8 to D21, respectively. The average litter size was 12.8 piglets after cross-fostering. Litters were weighed on D1, D10, and D21 of lactation and pre-weaning mortality was recorded. Samples of milk (60mL) were collected from all functional teats at D10 and D20 of lactation. There were no effects (P>0.05) of arginine supplementation on piglet weight, litter weight, and average daily gain of piglets at D10 and D21 of lactation. The interaction between weight day and treatment was not significant (P>0.05) for any of these response variables. The percentages of piglets that survived until D10 and D21 were 90.3% and 88.3%, respectively, with no difference (P>0.05) between treatments. There were no effects (P>0.05) of the lactation day (D10 or D20), treatment or the interaction between them on crude protein and amino acid content in milk. Top-dressing arginine at 1% of feed allowance of the lactation diet of sows does not affect litter performance and survival and does not influence the amino acid content or arginine: lysine ratio of milk.

scholarly journals 407 Nutrition and sexual development in bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Joseph Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bull management for reproduction begins at birth. The objectives of this invited review are to provide a brief summary of the impact of nutrition on sexual development and reproductive function in beef bulls, followed by a discussion of management before, during and after the breeding season. Increased calfhood nutrition results in greater testicular development at maturity. Conversely, poor calfhood nutrition results in delayed puberty and reduced testicular development at maturity. Unfortunately, it is not possible to compensate for the effects of poor calfhood nutrition by subsequently providing supplemental feed. Previous research investigating sexual development and reproductive function in bulls 6 to 16 months of age focused on associations of average daily gain (ADG) and body weight with age at puberty, scrotal circumference, sperm production and morphology. Researchers reported no significant correlations between cumulative ADG and any of the factors investigated, and concluded ADG of 1.0 to 1.6 kg per day did not result in excessive scrotal fat accumulation, increased scrotal temperature, or reduction in semen quality. A common recommendation is for yearling bulls to have a body condition score of 5.5 to 6.5 (on a 9-point scale) at the start of the breeding season. Spermatogenesis occurs over a 60-day period; therefore, nutritional effects of inappropriate nutrition (over- or under-feeding) on sperm will have a carryover effect. During the breeding season bulls are usually limited to the same nutritional plane as the cow herd; however, bulls losing an excessive amount of weight should be replaced. Nutritional management of bulls after the breeding season is influenced by age (potential for further growth) and weight loss during the breeding season. Managing nutrition of bulls through early life phases and the first breeding season provides the opportunity for desired sexual development and reproductive function.

Perspectives on the Therapeutic Benefits of Arginine Supplementation in Cancer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-920
Author(s):  
Fabiani L. R. Beal ◽  
Pedro R. Beal ◽  
Juliana R. Beal ◽  
Natan Carvalho-Neves ◽  
Octávio L. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Background: Arginine is considered a semi-essential amino acid in healthy adults and the elderly. This amino acid seems to improve the immune system, stimulate cell growth and differentiation, and increase endothelial permeability, among other effects. For those reasons, it has been theorized that arginine supplementation may be used as an adjuvant to conventional cancer therapy treatments. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the existing knowledge of the scientific community on arginine supplementation in order to improve the efficacy of current cancer treatment. Results: Despite the continued efforts of science to improve treatment strategies, cancer remains one of the greatest causes of death on the planet in adults and elderly people. Chemo and radiotherapy are still the most effective treatments but at the cost of significant side effects. Conclusion: Thus, new therapeutic perspectives have been studied in recent years, to be used in addition to traditional treatments or not, seeking to treat or even cure the various types of cancer with fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of gEGF on the Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Jianyong Zhou ◽  
Jingyi Yao ◽  
Luhong Bai ◽  
Chuansong Sun ◽  
Jianjun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Growth Of Animals

EGF has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. In this study, the content of EGF in chicken embryos (gallus EGF, gEGF) aged from 1 to 20 days of incubation were determined by ELISA kit, and the 5-day-old chicken embryos with the highest content of 5593 pg/g were selected to make gEGF crude extracts. A total of 1500 1-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of 50 chickens each. The control group was fed a basal diet, and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 8, 16 and 32 ng/kg gEGF crude extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. Chicks were harvested at the end of the experiment, and liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and serum samples were collected. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 16 ng/kg group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum uric acid (UA) of the 16 ng/kg group was reduced (p < 0.01), and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 16 ng/kg group increased (p < 0.01). The gEGF extract also increased chick’s antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum of 16 ng/kg groups in compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, immunity was improved by the addition of gEGF to broiler diets. The serum immunoglobin A (IgA) content of 8 and 16 ng/kg groups and the serum immunoglobin M (IgM) content of 4 and 8 ng/kg groups were increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The bursa index of each experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the crude extract of gEGF prepared in this experiment could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers.

Impact of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, chyme viscosity, and enzymes activity of broilers fed corn-soybean diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbo Liu ◽  
Kun Xing ◽  
Ran Ning ◽  
Sergi Carné ◽  
Xingqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300 and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn-Soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr and Phe (P &lt; 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P &lt; 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn-SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P &lt; 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P &lt; 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE) (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P &lt; 0.001) and stachyose (P &lt; 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal amino acid digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity.

scholarly journals Larger Testes and Higher Inhibin B Levels in Finnish than in Danish Newborn Boys

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2732-2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina M. Main ◽  
Jorma Toppari ◽  
Anne-Maarit Suomi ◽  
Marko Kaleva ◽  
Marla Chellakooty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Context: Recent studies showed that male reproductive health problems, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular cancer, and low sperm quality, are more prevalent in Denmark than in Finland. Objectives: We hypothesized that, if fetal testicular dysgenesis contributed to these observations, differences in gonadal development and the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis would already be detectable perinatally. Thus, we investigated healthy newborn boys in both countries. Design: This was a prospective, longitudinal population-based study. Setting: Two primary obstetric centers were included at the University Hospitals of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Turku, Finland. Participants: The participants of the study included 633 Danish and 1044 Finnish boys, born at term with appropriate weight for gestational age. Interventions: Ultrasound determination of testis size at 0, 3, and 18 months and blood sampling (n = 727) at 3 months were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Testicular volume and reproductive hormones were measured. Results: Testis volume was significantly higher at all ages in Finnish than in Danish boys (medians, 98 vs. 95, 185 vs. 119, and 188 vs. 136 mm3, respectively; P &lt; 0.00001). Testis growth from birth to 3 months was larger in Finnish than in Danish boys (mean, 75 vs. 26 mm3; P &lt; 0.0001). Serum hormone levels were higher in Finnish than Danish boys for inhibin B (median, 456 vs. 385 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.0001), FSH (1.33 vs. 1.21 IU/liter; P &lt; 0.036), and SHBG (143 vs. 136 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.022). Inhibin B was significantly positively correlated to testicular volume (r = 0.25; P &lt; 0.006). Conclusions: The larger testes and higher inhibin B levels most likely represent a bigger volume of seminiferous tubules in Finnish compared with Danish boys. Although this phenomenon may be attributable to a genetic difference between the two countries, it may also reflect environmental factors influencing testicular development.

scholarly journals Length of efficacy and effect of implant location in adult tom cats treated with a 9.4 mg deslorelin subcutaneous implant

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Romagnoli ◽  
Anna Baldan ◽  
Silvia Ferro ◽  
Camilla Righetti ◽  
Ludovico Scenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Duration Of Effect ◽  
Duration Of Efficacy ◽  
Testicular Histology

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess duration of efficacy, side effects and return to fertility following use of the 9.4 mg deslorelin implant (Suprelorin 12; Virbac) in cats, and test whether efficacy and duration of action are influenced by implantation site (interscapular vs periumbilical). Methods Sixteen healthy adult tom cats were checked with (1) reproductive examination, (2) gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test and (3) semen collection until achievement of sterility, then with (1) and (2) only at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months, and every 6 months thereafter until treatment effect disappeared. Results Serum testosterone reached basal levels by 7 days post-treatment. Semen quality improved initially then started to worsen by 1 month post-treatment and after 70 days post-treatment all cats were sterile. Early in the third month post-treatment there was a significant decrease in testicular volume and penile spikes. Testicular histology was normal upon neutering performed after resumption of fertility. No injection site lesions or treatment-related side effects were observed. There was no difference between periumbilical and interscapular placement for all criteria, but there was a trend for the decrease in testicular volume to last longer and for the regression of penile spikes to start sooner after interscapular administration. One of 16 cats did not respond to treatment. Six cats were lost at variable times during the study while fully responding to treatment. In the cats that completed the study, normal fertility was regained after 805 days, on average, but with a variable duration of effect from 750–850 days. Conclusions and relevance Treatment with a 9.4 mg deslorelin implant in male cats was effective for a period of 750–850 days, which is 1.5–2 times longer than the effect of the 4.7 mg deslorelin implant. Fertility (based on serum testosterone production and the presence of penile spikes) was regained at the end of the study. Placing implants in the intrascapular vs periumbilical location did not affect duration of suppression of testosterone production. The interscapular location may be characterised by a better efficacy, although further studies are needed to clarify this issue.

Effects of Quillaja saponin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Xin Dang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Quillaja Saponin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin (QS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 50 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for a 56-day trial with 5 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (2 barrows and 3 gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments including control diet and control diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg QS. The average daily gain was significantly increased during days 0-56, while the fecal ammonia emission on day 56 and fecal coliform bacteria counts on day 28 were significantly decreased in pigs fed with QS containing diet. However, dietary supplementation of QS had no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg QS had beneficial effects on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Considering the carry-over effects, the adaption period should be at least 28 days when supplementing 200 mg/kg QS to the diet of growing pigs for improving the growth performance.

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