scholarly journals Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae from blood stream infections at a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Yadav ◽  
Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Basudha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Method

Abstract Background Blood stream infection (BSI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has poses significant challenge to the clinicians and clinical microbiologists alike. Therefore its accurate diagnosis, isolation and identification of causative agents with appropriate antibiotics is required. This study is aimed to find out resistance pattern, e.g. extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, K1, carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) among isolates obtained from BSI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, BPKIHS from 1st September 2014 to 31st August 2015. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, K1, and carbapenemase production by ten disk method. Confirmation for ESBL was done phenotypically by using combined disk method recommended by CLSI, AmpC sterile disk method for AmpC and K1 by combined disk method. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production was detected by imipenem-ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid double disk synergy test. Results A total of 11,264 blood samples were collected from the patients suspected of Blood Stream Infection. Of these isolates, 192 (1.70%) were Enterobacteriaceae. Among them, 94 (49%) were ESBL, 51 (26.5%) were carbapenemase and 10 (5%) were AmpC producers. Of 51 carbapenemase producers, 22 (11.5%) were MBL producers. None of the isolates were found to produce K1 β-lactamase. A total of 64 (33.4%) isolates were MDR. Conclusion MDR Enterobacteriaceae is found to be prevalent in our set up as important cause of BSI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of various Beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Soumya Kaup ◽  
S Roopashree
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase

Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria has constantly increased over the years with emergence of novel resistance mechanism among these versatile organisms. Identifying the resistance pattern of the isolates both regionally and globally is essential for the institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of beta-Lactamase enzymes among species of Enterobacteriaceae.312 consecutive isolates belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae were included in the study conducted over a period of one year. After preliminary antibiotic susceptibility testing using standard guidelines, production of various beta-Lactamase enzymes was assessed by phenotypic methods.22.76% of the isolates were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producers, 37.82% were AmpC Beta-Lactamase producers and 7.37% of the isolates produced the Carbapenemase enzyme.Our study estimates the prevalence of various beta-Lactamase enzymes in isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary care centre. The increase in production of these enzymes among bacteria necessitates the implementation of strict adherence to antibiotic policy and infection control measures.

Device associated healthcare associated infections in a pediatric intensive care unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Shah Ali Ahmed ◽  
Anwarul Haque ◽  
Qalab Abbas ◽  
Humaira Jurair ◽  
Zohra Qamar ud Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the frequency of Ventilator associated Pneumonia (VAP), Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) and Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infection (CAUTI) by using standardized criteria established by Center of disease control and prevention. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: PICU of Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). Period: (August 2015 to January 2016). Material & Methods: Data was collected on a pre-coded proforma. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS. Results: 156 patients were enrolled. 102 (65.4%) were male. Mean age was 57.59 months. Mean length of stay was 5.6 days. Patient and Device days were 546 and 958 respectively. Device utilization ratio was 0.56. Four Device associated infections (DAI) were identified during study period with a DAI Rate of 4.17 per 1000 device days. All DAI were CLABSIs. Enterococcus was the most frequent bacterial isolate. Conclusion: DAI are highly prevalent in low resource countries, especially in intensive care areas including PICUs. In our setup, CLABSI are increasing while VAP and CAUTI are decreasing.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Blood Stream Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Iqra Ayaz ◽  
Hira Hameed ◽  
Wajeeha Amber ◽  
Talal Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Time Of Admission

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of most common bacterial organisms in nosocomial blood stream infections STUDY DESIGN: A Cross-sectional descriptive study PLACE AND DURATION:                In  Department of Paediatric Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Tertiary care hospital over a period of 06 months from 6th July 2017 to 6th Jan  2018 METHODOLOGY: Total 385 patients admitted in PICU were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Patients were monitored from the time of admission to their final outcome for development of hospital acquired infections, based on standard definitions. Blood sample for culture were collected aseptically according to the protocol of the microbiology laboratory. The bottles were incubated for 7 days. Patients were monitored from time of the blood culture yielding growth until culture report becomes available. Data was calculated through a structured Performa confidentiality of patient was maintained. RESULTS: Pseduomonas Aeruginosa and Salmonellia Tpyhi were the most common bacterial organism 83 (21.6) in nosocomial blood stream infection whereas E.Coli and Klebsiella found in 77 (20.0) and 67 (17.4) patients respectively. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the frequency of most common bacterial organisms in nosocomial blood stream infections is substantial. Thus, early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy help in contributing significantly towards decrease in mortality rates due to blood stream infections. KEYWORDS: Nosocomial, Bloodstream infection, Intensive care unit

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

scholarly journals Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Bacteria from Clinical Specimens of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Shikha Paul ◽  
Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽  
Prashanta Prasun Dey ◽  
Bilkis Ara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Detection of Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzyme producing bacteria in hospital settings is vital as ESBL genes are transmissible. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of ESBL producing gram negative isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city which deals with the patients hailing from relatively low socioeconomic status.Onehundred and twenty four gram negative bacteria isolated from different clinical specimens from outpatient and inpatient departments of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) were tested for ESBL by E test ESBL method in the department of microbiology of Sir Salimullah medical college (SSMC) from March 2013 to August 2013.Out of 124 gram negative bacteria 69 (55.65%) were positive for ESBL. Among the ESBL producers, Esch.coli was the highest (46.38%) which was followed by Serratia spp (11.59%), Enterobacter spp (10.14%), Proteus spp, (8.70%), Acinetobacter spp.(7.24%) and Klebsiella spp.(5.79%). Out of 32 Esch.coli isolated from outpatient department, 10 (31.25%) were positive for ESBL. On the other hand out of 27 Esch. coli isolated from inpatient department, 22 (81.48%) were positive for ESBL. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).So the present study reveals that the distribution of ESBL producers is more among the hospitalized patients than the patients of the community.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 8-12

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