scholarly journals Addiction-related behavioral problems increase during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
Eva Katzinger ◽  
Sunghwan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Social Recreation ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background and aims: In this study we aimed to assess multiple addiction-related behaviours simultaneously for an extended period of time during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relation to distress. Methods: Data were collected every three days from Amazon’s MTurk between 26.03.2020 and 02.10.2020 in cohorts of 25 participants resulting in a total sample of 1430 US adults (60% men, mean age 36.6 years, SD = 11). General distress and Covid-19 related fear were assessed as well as self-reported frequency of eight potentially addictive behaviours: shopping (compulsive buying), alcohol, smoking, legal substances, illegal substances, gambling, gaming and overeating. Results: We found a positive relationship between time and the frequency of each self-reported addiction-related behaviour (𝜏 = 0.15 - 0.23, all p<0.001), and their frequency is linearly related to the intensity of (Covid-19-related and general) distress (𝜏 = 0.12 - 0.28, all p<0.001). Most popular activities were gaming and compulsive buying, and the relative frequency of the behaviours remained about the same during the data collection period. Discussion: It is possible that people seek substitutes when other coping mechanisms (e.g. social recreation) are hindered depending on their level of distress. Conclusion: Given the evidence for the increasing frequency of addiction-related excessive behaviours and their relevance to distress, special attention needs to be paid to reduce potential harmful effects of maladaptive coping during and after this demanding period.

scholarly journals Potentially addictive behaviours increase during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Social Recreation ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background and aims In this study we aimed to assess multiple potentially addictive behaviours simultaneously for an extended period of time during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relation to distress. Methods Data were collected every three days from Amazon’s MTurk between 26.03.2020 and 02.10.2020 in repeated cross-sectional samples of 25 participants resulting in a total sample of 1430 US adults (60% men, mean age 36.6 years, SD = 11). General distress and Covid-19 related fear were assessed as well as self-reported frequency of eight potentially addictive behaviours: shopping (compulsive buying), alcohol, smoking, legal substances, illegal substances, gambling, gaming and overeating. Results We found a positive relationship between time and the frequency of each self-reported potentially addictive behaviour ( = 0.15–0.23, all P < 0.001), and their frequency is linearly related to the intensity of (Covid-19-related and general) distress ( = 0.12–0.28, all P < 0.001). Most popular activities were gaming and compulsive buying, and the relative frequency of the behaviours remained about the same during the data collection period. Discussion It is possible that people seek other maladaptive substitutes when other coping mechanisms (e.g. social recreation) are hindered depending on their level of distress. Conclusion Given the evidence for the increasing frequency of potentially addictive behaviours and their relevance to distress, special attention needs to be paid to reduce potential harmful effects of maladaptive coping during and after this demanding period.

scholarly journals Compulsive buying gradually increased during the first six months of the Covid-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
Sunghwan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Chronic Stressor ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Clean Sample

Abstract Background and Aims: The current Covid-19 situation offers a natural experiment to explore the effect of a chronic stressor on compulsive buying tendencies over an extended period of time. Design: Survey method of sampling every three days a new cohort during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic (March-October 2020) in the United States. Participants: Total (clean) sample of N = 1430 (39.3% female, mean age = 36.4 years). Measurements: Online and offline compulsive buying separately, distress, SES, income and age were assessed. Findings: Both online and offline compulsive buying increased during the data collection period (𝜏 = 0.24, 𝜏 = 0.22, respectively, both p < 0.001). High-SES individuals reported the highest tendency for compulsive buying throughout the entire time frame, although the increase in compulsive buying tendencies over time was the highest among the socioeconomically less privileged. Online compulsive buying increased as a result of the CARES Act (first stimulus package) by an effect size of d = 0.33. When entered into a regression model, SES had the strongest effect on compulsive buying after accounting for the effect of distress, income and age (online: ßPSS = 1.3***, ßSES = 5.13***, ßincome = 2.6***, ßage = -0.20*, F(4, 709) = 53.01, R2 = 0.23, RSE = 29.5; offline: ßPSS = 1.45***, ßSES = 4.86***, ßincome = 2.16***, ßage = -0.08 p > 0.4; F(4, 695) = 49.54, R2 = 0.22, RSE = 30.41). The high-income group reported the strongest correlation between distress and compulsive buying (r = 0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.57–0.76). Conclusions: Compulsive buying tendency gradually increased during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic especially as a result of the CARES Act.

Cadaver Use and Coping Mechanisms in a Biomechanics Laboratory

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
And Coping

Although many studies have focused on emotional anxiety related to cadaver use in medical school gross anatomy laboratories and disaster relief settings, this study breaks new ground by investigating coping mechanisms employed by members of a research laboratory where cadaver use is common. This setting differs from those of other studies insofar as cadaver use is a common occurrence over an extended period of time, the laboratory is composed of engineers and computer programmers as well as medically trained individuals, and cadaver parts, rather than whole cadavers, are used in the studies. In this article, coping mechanisms are qualitatively described and then related to differences between this laboratory setting and the settings of previous studies on coping mechanisms related to cadaver use.

Treatment of ADHD secondary to traumatic brain injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1246-1246
Author(s):  
L.J. Irastorza
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Inhibition Control ◽  
And Behavior

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder secondary to traumatic brain injury (ADHD/TBI) is one of the most common neurobehavioral consequences of TBI, occurring in 20% to 50% of individuals post-injury. Some of the most persistent problems include impairment in memory, attention and concentration, language, executive skills, social judgment, social behavior, and impulsiveness.A female patient is presented with TBI and cognitive symptoms and behavior compatible with ADHD. The treatment with methylphenidate was useful for the behavioral problems. The 23 years old woman suffered 3 years earlier a car accident, causing severe TBI and polytrauma. She was in a coma with a CGS of 4 and 41 days in the intensive care unit. She received rehabilitation and continued to suffer from diplopia and posture alteration, semantic paraphasia, child-like behavior, and neuropsychological problems (reading comprehension, slow mental processing, inhibition control deficit, and memory loss).During her visits to my MHC, she was often euphoric and made inappropriate comments and occasionally became angry. She did not have psychiatric antecedents prior to the TBI. Scales were used to diagnose post-traumatic ADHD. The patient was then treated with methylphenidate. After titration, the dosage reached was 0,3 mg/kg. After 4 months, the child-like behavior disappeared and interpersonal relations became more fluid, with less irritability.Stimulants have frequently been used in the treatment of behavioral and cognitive consequences of TBI in both children and adults. This clinical case demonstrates that the use of methylphenidate is favored for an extended period of time in patients suffering from behavioral and emotional consequences of TBI.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Determinants of Intention to Use Tobacco Among Adolescents in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Nagarkar ◽  
Swapnil Gadhave
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intention To Smoke ◽  
Harmful Effects

AimThe present study aims to determine the psychosocial factors associated with ‘intention to use tobacco’, because it is influenced by social norms and beliefs about smoking.MethodA cross-sectional survey on a random sample of 665 individuals, aged 15-20 years, was conducted using a pretested questionnaire. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify determinants of ‘intention to use tobacco’, with the total sample, with respondents under 18 years old, and with respondents 18 years old and above.ResultsOdds of intention to use tobacco were higher when friends used tobacco products, and perceived no negative effects on health. Parental use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco, and a similar effect was observed when a celebrity was followed as a role model. Approval of occasional use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco. Communication with parents about harmful effects of tobacco reduced the odds of intention to smoke among respondents younger than 18 years old.ConclusionSocial factors and perception of risk significantly influenced the intention to use tobacco. Study results are useful in designing interventions for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents.

scholarly journals LONGPOP and IDS. Personal reflections on our collaboration With Kees Mandemakers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Sam Jenkinson ◽  
Hideko Matsuo ◽  
Koen Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Personal Reflections

The Leuven research team working on historical demography is grateful for their opportunity to have collaboratively and intensively worked with Professor Dr. Kees Mandemakers over an extended period of time. We wish him a wonderful emeritus status, not only in academia, but also in the warm nest of his family, relatives, children, and grandchildren. The three of us have known Kees for some time, but most closely since 2014, when we became formally engaged as project partners under the so-called LONGPOP-project, an EU funded Marie Curie grant, named Methodologies and Data mining techniques for the analysis of Big Data based on Longitudinal Population and Epidemiological Registers. The importance of our close professional relationship is best demonstrated by our work in producing the COR*-IDS 2020 database. The historical demographic dataset for the Antwerp arrondissement, a letter sample COR*-2010, recorded total sample size of +/- 33,000 residents of Antwerp for nearly seven decades and was already available. The LONGPOP project began in Autumn 2016, setting in motion a collaboration between ourselves at KU Leuven and Kees and his colleagues at the IISH. From the outset, we had purposefully worked closely with Kees' team, utilising their premier expertise in database management and the IDS towards the new release of our database, the Antwerp COR*-IDS dataset. Here we set out our recollections of that intellectual process, encompassing the personal and professional reflections of our close working relationship.

scholarly journals Pattern of tobacco consumption and related factors among the people residing in a rural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmeen Rifat Khan ◽  
Afzalur Rahman Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Harmful Effects

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to find out the pattern of tobacco consumption and its related factors in a rural area of Sripur upazilla under Gajipur district of Bangladesh. The study was carried out from February 2010 to June 2010. Total sample was 361. Mean age of respondents was 39.01 years with standard deviation of ±13.54 years. Among them 85.04% and 14.96% were male and female respectively. Most (27.16%) of them were illiterate and 26.86% were able to write their name only. Maximum were businessman (25.48%) followed by day laborers (20.23%). Their mean monthly family income was 8,867.31 taka with SD of ± 7733.56 taka and 39.88% of them had monthly family income equal or below 5000 taka. The most frequent types of tobacco use among male was cigarette smoking (77.20%) and among female, consumption of jarda was 81.48%. The mean age of starting tobacco consumption was around 22 years and mean duration of consumption was nearly 17 years. Regarding causes behind tobacco consumption, majority (29.92%) answered 'addiction'. Mean daily expenditure on tobacco consumption was 24 taka. Maximum (90%) were known about harmful effects of tobacco consumption and regarding harmful effects they mentioned 'cancer' in 74.54% cases and 'tuberculosis' in 64.7%. The findings of this study suggest that, tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor, illiterate middle-aged segment of the population.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 32-37

scholarly journals Mekanisme Koping dengan Tingkat Depresi pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agung Krisdianto ◽  
Mulyanti Mulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Final year students whose individual maladaptive coping mechanisms would be very easy to get depressed. Less of knowledge about how to prevent and treat depression may result in fatal impact that is suicide. This inductive quantitative research with cross sectional design was aimed to know the relationship between<br />mechanism koping with the level of depression in the last year student of the level of education ners study program college Alma Ata Yogyakarta. Samples were obtained by total sample technique which consisted of 47 respondents. Analysis test used Chi-Square test. The result of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between coping mechanisms at the level of depression (p&lt;0.05) however there was no signifi cant relationship between coping mechanisms with age, gender, and place of residence (p&gt;0.05).</p>

Emotion understanding, parent mental state language, and behavior problems in internationally adopted children

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Tarullo ◽  
Adriana Youssef ◽  
Kristin A. Frenn ◽  
Kristen Wiik ◽  
Melissa C. Garvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Mental State Language ◽  
Internationally Adopted Children ◽  
State Language ◽  
Internationally Adopted

AbstractInternationally adopted postinstitutionalized (PI) children are at risk for lower levels of emotion understanding. This study examined how postadoption parenting influences emotion understanding and whether lower levels of emotion understanding are associated with behavior problems. Emotion understanding and parent mental state language were assessed in 3-year-old internationally adopted PI children (N = 25), and comparison groups of children internationally adopted from foster care (N = 25) and nonadopted (NA) children (N = 36). At 5.5-year follow-up, PI children had lower levels of emotion understanding than NA children, a group difference not explained by language. In the total sample, parent mental state language at age 3 years predicted 5.5-year emotion understanding after controlling for child language ability. The association of parent mental state language and 5.5-year emotion understanding was moderated by adoption status, such that parent mental state language predicted 5.5-year emotion understanding for the internationally adopted children, but not for the NA children. While postadoption experience does not erase negative effects of early deprivation on emotion understanding, results suggest that parents can promote emotion understanding development through mental state talk. At 5.5 years, PI children had more internalizing and externalizing problems than NA children, and these behavioral problems related to lower levels of emotion understanding.

scholarly journals Factor structure of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire in Portuguese children

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Telma Pereira ◽  
Berta Rodrigues Maia ◽  
Mariana Marques ◽  
Sandra Carvalho Bos ◽  
Maria João Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Children’S Behavior Problems

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factor structure of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire in Portuguese primary school children. METHOD: The Rutter Teacher Questionnaire, a 26-item scale covering a variety of behavioral problems, was completed by teachers of 877 children, aged 6 to 11 years. Data were subjected to factor analysis using the principal components solution with varimax rotation. RESULTS: The factorial analysis in total sample revealed three factors explaining 38.88% of the total variance. The factors contained items representing hyperactivity/conduct (Factor 1), anxious/depressive (Factor 2) and truancy/stealing (Factor 3). The highest correlations between factors scores were for Factor 1 and Factor 3. These Factors scores were higher in boys than girls and correlated with lower social class. All three Factors scores correlated with school performance. The comparison between separate factorial structures for the samples of boys and girls revealed a considerable overlap. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of the items contained on Factor 1 appears to be related with the category of hyperkinetic conduct disorder used by the International Classification of Diseases-10. Results suggest that the Portuguese language version of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire possesses good psychometric properties and may be considered a useful instrument for measuring children's behavior problems.

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