scholarly journals Potentially addictive behaviours increase during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Social Recreation ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background and aims In this study we aimed to assess multiple potentially addictive behaviours simultaneously for an extended period of time during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relation to distress. Methods Data were collected every three days from Amazon’s MTurk between 26.03.2020 and 02.10.2020 in repeated cross-sectional samples of 25 participants resulting in a total sample of 1430 US adults (60% men, mean age 36.6 years, SD = 11). General distress and Covid-19 related fear were assessed as well as self-reported frequency of eight potentially addictive behaviours: shopping (compulsive buying), alcohol, smoking, legal substances, illegal substances, gambling, gaming and overeating. Results We found a positive relationship between time and the frequency of each self-reported potentially addictive behaviour ( = 0.15–0.23, all P < 0.001), and their frequency is linearly related to the intensity of (Covid-19-related and general) distress ( = 0.12–0.28, all P < 0.001). Most popular activities were gaming and compulsive buying, and the relative frequency of the behaviours remained about the same during the data collection period. Discussion It is possible that people seek other maladaptive substitutes when other coping mechanisms (e.g. social recreation) are hindered depending on their level of distress. Conclusion Given the evidence for the increasing frequency of potentially addictive behaviours and their relevance to distress, special attention needs to be paid to reduce potential harmful effects of maladaptive coping during and after this demanding period.

scholarly journals Addiction-related behavioral problems increase during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
Eva Katzinger ◽  
Sunghwan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
General Distress ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Social Recreation ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background and aims: In this study we aimed to assess multiple addiction-related behaviours simultaneously for an extended period of time during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relation to distress. Methods: Data were collected every three days from Amazon’s MTurk between 26.03.2020 and 02.10.2020 in cohorts of 25 participants resulting in a total sample of 1430 US adults (60% men, mean age 36.6 years, SD = 11). General distress and Covid-19 related fear were assessed as well as self-reported frequency of eight potentially addictive behaviours: shopping (compulsive buying), alcohol, smoking, legal substances, illegal substances, gambling, gaming and overeating. Results: We found a positive relationship between time and the frequency of each self-reported addiction-related behaviour (𝜏 = 0.15 - 0.23, all p<0.001), and their frequency is linearly related to the intensity of (Covid-19-related and general) distress (𝜏 = 0.12 - 0.28, all p<0.001). Most popular activities were gaming and compulsive buying, and the relative frequency of the behaviours remained about the same during the data collection period. Discussion: It is possible that people seek substitutes when other coping mechanisms (e.g. social recreation) are hindered depending on their level of distress. Conclusion: Given the evidence for the increasing frequency of addiction-related excessive behaviours and their relevance to distress, special attention needs to be paid to reduce potential harmful effects of maladaptive coping during and after this demanding period.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Determinants of Intention to Use Tobacco Among Adolescents in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Nagarkar ◽  
Swapnil Gadhave
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intention To Smoke ◽  
Harmful Effects

AimThe present study aims to determine the psychosocial factors associated with ‘intention to use tobacco’, because it is influenced by social norms and beliefs about smoking.MethodA cross-sectional survey on a random sample of 665 individuals, aged 15-20 years, was conducted using a pretested questionnaire. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify determinants of ‘intention to use tobacco’, with the total sample, with respondents under 18 years old, and with respondents 18 years old and above.ResultsOdds of intention to use tobacco were higher when friends used tobacco products, and perceived no negative effects on health. Parental use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco, and a similar effect was observed when a celebrity was followed as a role model. Approval of occasional use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco. Communication with parents about harmful effects of tobacco reduced the odds of intention to smoke among respondents younger than 18 years old.ConclusionSocial factors and perception of risk significantly influenced the intention to use tobacco. Study results are useful in designing interventions for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Pattern of tobacco consumption and related factors among the people residing in a rural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmeen Rifat Khan ◽  
Afzalur Rahman Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Harmful Effects

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to find out the pattern of tobacco consumption and its related factors in a rural area of Sripur upazilla under Gajipur district of Bangladesh. The study was carried out from February 2010 to June 2010. Total sample was 361. Mean age of respondents was 39.01 years with standard deviation of ±13.54 years. Among them 85.04% and 14.96% were male and female respectively. Most (27.16%) of them were illiterate and 26.86% were able to write their name only. Maximum were businessman (25.48%) followed by day laborers (20.23%). Their mean monthly family income was 8,867.31 taka with SD of ± 7733.56 taka and 39.88% of them had monthly family income equal or below 5000 taka. The most frequent types of tobacco use among male was cigarette smoking (77.20%) and among female, consumption of jarda was 81.48%. The mean age of starting tobacco consumption was around 22 years and mean duration of consumption was nearly 17 years. Regarding causes behind tobacco consumption, majority (29.92%) answered 'addiction'. Mean daily expenditure on tobacco consumption was 24 taka. Maximum (90%) were known about harmful effects of tobacco consumption and regarding harmful effects they mentioned 'cancer' in 74.54% cases and 'tuberculosis' in 64.7%. The findings of this study suggest that, tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor, illiterate middle-aged segment of the population.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 32-37

scholarly journals Mekanisme Koping dengan Tingkat Depresi pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agung Krisdianto ◽  
Mulyanti Mulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Final year students whose individual maladaptive coping mechanisms would be very easy to get depressed. Less of knowledge about how to prevent and treat depression may result in fatal impact that is suicide. This inductive quantitative research with cross sectional design was aimed to know the relationship between<br />mechanism koping with the level of depression in the last year student of the level of education ners study program college Alma Ata Yogyakarta. Samples were obtained by total sample technique which consisted of 47 respondents. Analysis test used Chi-Square test. The result of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between coping mechanisms at the level of depression (p&lt;0.05) however there was no signifi cant relationship between coping mechanisms with age, gender, and place of residence (p&gt;0.05).</p>

scholarly journals Compulsive buying gradually increased during the first six months of the Covid-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Maraz ◽  
Sunghwan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Chronic Stressor ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Clean Sample

Abstract Background and Aims: The current Covid-19 situation offers a natural experiment to explore the effect of a chronic stressor on compulsive buying tendencies over an extended period of time. Design: Survey method of sampling every three days a new cohort during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic (March-October 2020) in the United States. Participants: Total (clean) sample of N = 1430 (39.3% female, mean age = 36.4 years). Measurements: Online and offline compulsive buying separately, distress, SES, income and age were assessed. Findings: Both online and offline compulsive buying increased during the data collection period (𝜏 = 0.24, 𝜏 = 0.22, respectively, both p < 0.001). High-SES individuals reported the highest tendency for compulsive buying throughout the entire time frame, although the increase in compulsive buying tendencies over time was the highest among the socioeconomically less privileged. Online compulsive buying increased as a result of the CARES Act (first stimulus package) by an effect size of d = 0.33. When entered into a regression model, SES had the strongest effect on compulsive buying after accounting for the effect of distress, income and age (online: ßPSS = 1.3***, ßSES = 5.13***, ßincome = 2.6***, ßage = -0.20*, F(4, 709) = 53.01, R2 = 0.23, RSE = 29.5; offline: ßPSS = 1.45***, ßSES = 4.86***, ßincome = 2.16***, ßage = -0.08 p > 0.4; F(4, 695) = 49.54, R2 = 0.22, RSE = 30.41). The high-income group reported the strongest correlation between distress and compulsive buying (r = 0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.57–0.76). Conclusions: Compulsive buying tendency gradually increased during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic especially as a result of the CARES Act.

Rorschach-CS Scores of Six Groups of Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar C. Berghout ◽  
Jolien Zevalkink ◽  
Abraham N. J. Pieters ◽  
Gregory J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

In this study we used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design with six cohorts differing in phase of treatment (pretreatment, posttreatment, 2-year posttreatment) and treatment type (psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy) and investigated scores on 39 Rorschach-CS variables. The total sample consisted of 176 participants from four mental health care organizations in The Netherlands. We first examined pretreatment differences between patients entering psychoanalysis and patients entering psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The two treatment groups did not seem to differ substantially before treatment, with the exception of the level of ideational problems. Next, we studied the outcome of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy by comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of the six groups of patients. In general, we found significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment on a relatively small number of Rorschach-CS variables. More pre/post differences were found between the psychoanalytic psychotherapy groups than between the psychoanalysis groups. More research is needed to examine whether analyzing clusters of variables might reveal other results.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

PHYSICAL, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY LIVING IN TRUONG AN WARD, HUE CITY IN 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Vuong Diem Khanh Doan ◽  
Ngoc Minh Chau Ho ◽  
Thi Van Ngo ◽  
Thi Bao Nga Phan ◽  
Thi Hong Phan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Living

Background: Vietnam is entering the stage of aging population; as a result, the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly is really a matter of concern. There is a great deal of research on the quality of life of the elderly while Vietnam witnesses a lack of research on this topic, especially on how physical and social activities have impact on QOL of the elderly. Objectives: (1) To describe the situation of participation in physical, social activities and QOL of the elderly residing in Truong An Ward, Hue city. (2) To examine the association between physical, social activities and QOL among participants. Methodology: This study used cross-sectional study design. A total sample of 420 people aged 60 and above in Truong An Ward, Hue city were interviewd. The SF36 was used to measure the QOL of participants. Results: Percentage of the elderly taking part in physical activity were 66%. 49% reported having the habit of taking part in social activities. The majority of the elderly get their QOL level in three health fields, namely physical, mental and general health at above average. (56.0, 60.7 and 60.8 respectively). There were significant associations between physical activities, social activities and QOL among participants. Conclusion: The percentage of the elderly taking part in physical and social activities were still low. Besides, QOL of the elderly at the research location was not really high. It’s important to encourage the elderly taking part in physical and social activities to improve their quality of life. Key words: Physical activities, social activities, QOL, the elderly

HUBUNGAN PERAN KADER POSYANDU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Wiwid Wahyuningsih ◽  
Atik Setiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Keberadaan kader di posyandu sebagai salah satu sistem penyelenggarakan pelayanan sangat dibutuhkan. Mereka adalah ujung tombak  pelayanan kesehatan yang merupakan kepanjangtanganan puskesmas Jawa Tengah tahun 2011 jumlah gizi kurang 5,35% dan gizi buruk 0,10%. Untuk Kabupaten Semarang dari 23.562 balita yang ditimbang pada tahun 2011 gizi lebih 1,13%, gizi baik 93,51%, gizi kurang 4,86% dan gizi buruk 0,49% (DepKes Prov Jateng, 2011). Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran kader posyandu dengan status gizi balita. Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita di Posyandu Mawar di Desa Gedangan sejumlah 40 responden, dengan teknik total sampling dan analisa data chi square. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil perhitungan chi square di peroleh X² hitung 10.644 pada df=4, P.value 0.031 dimana probabilitas lebih kecil dari level of significant 5 % (0,001 < 0,05) berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Kesimpulan : ada hubungan antara peran kader posyandu dengan status gizi pada balita.Kata Kunci : peran kader , status gizi balitaCADERE ROLE RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN POSYANDUABSTRACTBackground : posyandu cadre in Existence as one of the 56th's service system is urgently needed. They are the tip of the Spear is a kepanjangtanganan health services clinics in Central Java in 2011 the amount of nutrition less 5.35% 0.10% and malnutrition. To Semarang from 23.562 toddler who weighed in 2011 more nutritional 1.13%, 93,51%, good nutrition nutrition less 4.86% and 0.49% poor nutrition (Department of Health Central Java Prov., 2011). Objective : the research aims to find out the relationship role of posyandu cadre with the nutritional status of children. Methods : the design of this research is a survey using the analytic approach of cross sectional. The population in this study are all the toddlers at the Rose in the village of Posyandu Gedangan some 38 respondents, with total sample techniques and data analysis a chi square. The results :. The chi square calculation results in getting X ² count 10.644 on df = 4, P. value 0.031 where probability is smaller than the level of significant 5% (0.001 < 0.05) mean Ha Ho accepted and rejected. Conclusion : there is a connection between the role of cadres of posyandu with nutritional status on toddlers.Keywords : the role of cadres, toddler nutrition status

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERSONAL HYGIENE TENTANG MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI SMP

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Zaim Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behavior

During menstruation blood vessels in the uterus are very easily infected because germs easily enter and cause diseases of the reproductive tract. Some of the most common disorders are vaginal discharge and pruritus vulvae (vaginal itching). However, this complaint can be prevented by maintaining the cleanliness of the female organs early on, namely with good menstrual personal hygiene. This study aims to describe the level of personal hygiene knowledge about menstruation. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, with a total sample of 90 people taken by total sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had enough personal hygiene behavior as many as 82 people (91.1%), while good menstrual personal hygiene behavior was 3 people (3.3%), and respondents who had behaviors classified as less than 5 people ( 5.6%). Based on complaints on reproductive organs, respondents who experienced vaginal discharge were 85 people (94.4%) and itching around the genitals was around 83 people (92.2%).

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