scholarly journals Optimizing Reduction of Groundwater Discharge to Control Land Subsidence (Case study: Nadjafabad Aquifer)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
hamid Kardan moghaddam ◽  
Zahra Rahimzadeh kivi ◽  
Fatemeh Javadi ◽  
Mohammad Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Risk Zoning ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study evaluates and predicts the ground subsidence that happens due to the haphazard operation of groundwater resources. Also, several strategies have been developed to control this unpleasant phenomenon. For this purpose, groundwater flow simulation has been conducted using MODFLOW numerical model, and subsidence simulation in Najafabad plain has been done using SUB package under three climatic scenarios for future periods. Examination of the simulation results shows that the amount of land subsidence will increase with the aquifer operation's continuation. The maximum amount of subsidence for 6 years in drought conditions will be 23 cm at the aquifer's outlet. According to the land subsidence results at the aquifer, risk zoning of the aquifer operation was done to develop a solution to reduce the withdrawal of groundwater resources to control subsidence. Therefore, risk zoning was performed using land use and the extent of operation of groundwater resources. The results showed that the north-eastern part of the aquifer has the maximum risk of subsidence. According to the obtained results from subsidence risk zoning, scenarios of reduced water withdrawal from the aquifer in its outlet were developed. The treatment strategies results showed that the maximum amount of subsidence in wet, normal and dry conditions will be 10, 14 and 18 cm, respectively. These results indicate a 14% improvement in the quantitative condition of the aquifer in wet conditions, 10% in normal conditions and 7% in dry conditions in the total aquifer of Najafabad. Improvement of conditions by simulation shows the impact of the importance of optimal utilization of groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Future Climate Change Scenarios on Ground Subsidence

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara ◽  
David Pulido-Velazquez ◽  
Rosa María Mateos ◽  
Pablo Ezquerro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we developed a new method to assess the impact of climate change (CC) scenarios on land subsidence related to groundwater level depletion in detrital aquifers. The main goal of this work was to propose a parsimonious approach that could be applied for any case study. We also evaluated the methodology in a case study, the Vega de Granada aquifer (southern Spain). Historical subsidence rates were estimated using remote sensing techniques (differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar, DInSAR). Local CC scenarios were generated by applying a bias correction approach. An equifeasible ensemble of the generated projections from different climatic models was also proposed. A simple water balance approach was applied to assess CC impacts on lumped global drawdowns due to future potential rainfall recharge and pumping. CC impacts were propagated to drawdowns within piezometers by applying the global delta change observed with the lumped assessment. Regression models were employed to estimate the impacts of these drawdowns in terms of land subsidence, as well as to analyze the influence of the fine-grained material in the aquifer. The results showed that a more linear behavior was observed for the cases with lower percentage of fine-grained material. The mean increase of the maximum subsidence rates in the considered wells for the future horizon (2016–2045) and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenario 8.5 was 54%. The main advantage of the proposed method is its applicability in cases with limited information. It is also appropriate for the study of wide areas to identify potential hot spots where more exhaustive analyses should be performed. The method will allow sustainable adaptation strategies in vulnerable areas during drought-critical periods to be assessed.

Monitoring groundwater depletion in Iran from space: results from gravity and InSAR observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Haghshenas Haghighi ◽  
Mahdi Motagh
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Groundwater Consumption

<p>Iran is located in a semi-arid to arid environment and is highly dependent on its groundwater resources for development in its agricultural and industrial sectors. In many aquifers across the country, unsustainable groundwater extraction in the past few decades caused severe groundwater level decline, at locations exceeding 20 m. The country is divided into six major basins. However, neither the water consumption nor renewable water resources are distributed evenly. Quantitative assessment of the groundwater situation in different basins is a piece of crucial information for improving management practices. In this study, we use satellite observations to assess the groundwater situation across Iran.</p><p>We observe the terrestrial water storage (TWS) from Satellite gravimetry measurements of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). These observations provide a country-scale picture of groundwater variations at a coarse spatial resolution of 500 km. In all six basins, TWS declines during the 15 year lifetime of GRACE from 2002 until 2017. In total, the Equivalent Water Height (EWH) declines as much as approximately 10 cm during this period. Although part of this decline is caused by other components such as surface water or soil moisture, groundwater decline is responsible for the major part.</p><p>The compaction of aquifers resulted from the over-extraction of groundwater can be observed as land subsidence on the surface. We analyze ground subsidence for the whole Iran using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations of the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite and present the first detailed map of compacting aquifers across the country at a high spatial resolution of 100 m. The average rate of displacement, exceeding 30 cm/yr in some areas, reveals hundreds of aquifers across the country are suffering unsustainable groundwater consumption. The distribution of subsidence basins is significantly correlated with the distribution of agricultural regions.</p><p>To obtain information on the sustainability of groundwater consumption, we separate the time series of land subsidence into two parts: the short term part as elastic/recoverable component and the long-term part as inelastic/irrecoverable. The ratio between elastic and inelastic elements provides quantitative measurements of aquifer health. Combining the Sentinel-1 subsidence measurements with GRACE observations of groundwater variations gives us new details on how the groundwater is consumed across different basins in the country. The results can have essential implications on the more sustainable management of groundwater resources.</p>

scholarly journals Land Subsidence risk maps and InSAR based angular distortion structural vulnerability assessment: an example in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Fernández-Torres ◽  
Enrique Cabral-Cano ◽  
Dario Solano-Rojas ◽  
Emre Havazli ◽  
Luis Salazar-Tlaczani
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Angular Distortion ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
The City

Abstract. Land subsidence is a phenomenon present in several cities in central Mexico, and results from a combination of groundwater resources' overexploitation and the local stratigraphic nature. Furthermore, subsidence occurs inhomogeneously in space, producing differential vertical displacements, which affect both the natural media, as well as human-built structures. Subsidence associated structural-vulnerability assessments usually rely on direct field measurements to determine parameters such as angular distortion. However, the large areas in which land subsidence occurs (city-scale) in Mexico City hinders a direct quantification of differential displacements for all buildings and structures present in it. A Sentinel-1 based subsidence analysis shows that the highest velocities are located on the eastern sector of the city. This velocity map was used as the basis for a population density weighted land subsidence correlation analysis. Our Land Subsidence Risk assessment indicates that 15.43 % of the population of Mexico City live in intermediate, high and very-high risk zones which corresponds to 1 358 873 inhabitants. Therefore, a significant percentage of Mexico City's population is vulnerable to suffering damage in their housing structures due to land subsidence. Furthermore, the lower income inhabitants share a proportionally greater economic cost due to land subsidence and associated shallow faulting. The structural vulnerability analysis of the civil structures in the city was performed using angular distortion maps derived from the subsidence velocity gradient between October 2014–October 2017 period. These maps indicate that within this time window, ∼12 % of the total urbanized area in Mexico City had already exceeded a 0.002 radian angular distortion threshold; above which damage in civil structures is more likely to occur. In fact, more than 1 million people have already suffered damages in their houses due to the differential ground subsidence and the resulting structural angular distortion. With these results, we can evaluate correspondence between angular distortion map and critical infrastructure of the city, as a result, we found that between 0 % and 12.84 % of these buildings have undergone over 0.002 radian angular distortion.

scholarly journals Assessment of Subsidence Risk Associated with Brackish Groundwater Development in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer, Houston, Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 437-441
Author(s):  
Neil Deeds ◽  
Michael Turco ◽  
Van Kelley ◽  
Christina Petersen ◽  
Susan Baird
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Development ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Gulf Coast Aquifer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal Lowlands

Abstract. Significant undeveloped brackish groundwater resources exist within the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (Gulf Coast Aquifer System) near Houston, Texas, USA. As the development of these frontier resources is imminent, an improved understanding of the impact development may have on the availability of the resource and land subsidence is needed. In this region, land subsidence is caused by the depressurization of the aquifer and compaction of the many clay lenses in the subsurface. The Gulf Coast Aquifer System in the study area includes three primary water bearing units (from shallow to deep): the Chicot (Pleistocene and Pliocene) and Evangeline (Pliocene and Miocene) aquifers, and the Jasper aquifer (Miocene). Although there has been much research and data supporting the causal relation between water-level decline and subsidence in the areas of fresh groundwater development, little data exists to inform on the potential subsidence impacts upon deeper brackish groundwater development. Data were compiled, and multiple hydrologic parameters were utilized to improve the understanding of the brackish resources within the study area. Geophysical logs were compiled and analysed to refine the aquifer stratigraphy, determine the binary classification of sand and clay, and estimate the groundwater salinity. These data were used to develop a MODFLOW groundwater flow model to estimate the risk of compaction and land subsidence upon the development of brackish zones within the Jasper aquifer. Compiled data detailing the total clay thickness, clay bed thickness, and clay bed location were input into the model along with a hypothetical stress to predict compaction within the Jasper aquifer across the study area while incorporating the observed heterogeneity in clay properties. Using the results from the model simulations and two other risk performance measures (depth of burial and surface flood risk), the total subsidence normalized risk score was estimated. The results of this study confirm the potential for compaction in the Jasper aquifer and for land subsidence to occur upon development. Areas with the highest risk are located in the up-dip, inland areas, near where the aquifer becomes fresh and is currently used for municipal supply. The results will inform water managers and planners in the Houston area on the future availability of brackish groundwater resources.

Impacts of rainfall changes on groundwater balance of coastal aquifers: a case study of the Thermaikos Gulf, North Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Reduction

<div> <p>Groundwater is one of the major parameters in maintaining ecology in many regions. As climate is one of the main factors which affects groundwater resources, the main objective of the present study is to assess the impact of rainfall changes on the groundwater system by projecting the future changes in the 21<sup>st</sup> century (2021-2050 and 2071-2100). For this reason, the RegCM3 climate model precipitation data, which showed a reduction in rainfall, was entered in the steady-state groundwater flow model MODFLOW for the case study of a coastal aquifer in the eastern part of the Thermaikos Gulf (North Greece). The uprising urbanization in combination with the intensive cultivation have led to the overexploitation of the coastal aquifer and seawater intrusion. The groundwater flow simulation by using the MODFLOW code indicates a negative water budget and estimates the quantities of the seawater intrusion. According to the RegCM3 climate model, the precipitation reduction is estimated to be 4% during the period of 2021-2050, while the precipitation decrease is expected to be 22% during the period of 2071-2100. Furthermore, the natural recharge of the coastal aquifer is expected to be influenced by the precipitation reduction. Finally, the seawater intrusion amounts are expected to increase during these future periods and more specifically during the second period of 2071-2100.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Methods for monitoring land subsidence and earth fissures in the Western USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Fergason ◽  
M. L. Rucker ◽  
B. B. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Earth Fissure ◽  
Western Usa ◽  
Earth Fissures

Abstract. Depletion of groundwater resources in many deep alluvial basin aquifers in the Western USA is causing land subsidence, as it does in many regions worldwide. Land subsidence can severely and adversely impact infrastructure by changing the ground elevation, ground slope (grade) and through the development of ground cracks known as earth fissures that can erode into large gullies. Earth fissures have the potential to compromise the foundations of dams, levees, and other infrastructure and cause failure. Subsequent to an evaluation of the overall subsidence experienced in the vicinity of subsidence-impacted infrastructure, a detailed investigation to search for earth fissures, and design and/or mitigation of potentially effected infrastructure, a focused monitoring system should be designed and implemented. Its purpose is to provide data, and ultimately knowledge, to reduce the potential adverse impacts of land subsidence and earth fissure development to the pertinent infrastructure. This risk reduction is realized by quantifying the rate and distribution of ground deformation, and to detect ground rupture if it occurs, in the vicinity of the infrastructure. The authors have successfully designed and implemented monitoring systems capable of quantifying rates and distributions of ground subsidence and detection of ground rupture at multiple locations throughout the Western USA for several types of infrastructure including dams, levees, channels, basins, roadways, and mining facilities. Effective subsidence and earth fissure monitoring requires understanding and quantification of historic subsidence, estimation of potential future subsidence, delineation of the risk for earth fissures that could impact infrastructure, and motivation and resources to continue monitoring through time. A successful monitoring system provides the means to measure ground deformation, grade changes, displacement, and anticipate and assess the potential for earth fissuring. Employing multiple methods, a monitoring strategy utilizes an integrated approach, including both regional and local measurements. Various methods implemented include conventional practices and proven, instrumented in-ground sensing systems. The conventional techniques include repeat optical levelling and global positioning system (GPS) surveys, ground reconnaissance, photo-geological analysis, groundwater monitoring, and tape-extensometers. Advanced techniques include the processing and interpretation of differential interferograms of repeat-pass, satellite-based synthetic aperture radar data (InSAR), borehole tiltmeters, microseismic arrays, excavation of monitoring trenches, and time-domain reflectometry (TDR).

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

The Impact of Translational Research in Breast Cancer Care: Can we Improve the Therapeutic Scenario?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-836
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Buono ◽  
Francesco Schettini ◽  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Grazia Arpino ◽  
Roberto Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally, breast cancer (BC) is divided into different subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) according to the expression of hormone receptors and overexpression/amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with crucial therapeutic implications. In the last few years, the definition of different BC molecular subgroups within the IHC-defined subtypes and the identification of the important role that molecular heterogeneity can play in tumor progression and treatment resistance have inspired the search for personalized therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, translational research represents a key strategy to apply knowledge from cancer biology to the clinical setting, through the study of all the tumors “omics”, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics. Importantly, the introduction of new high-throughput technologies, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) for the study of cancer genome and transcriptome, greatly amplifies the potential and the applications of translational research in the oncology field. Moreover, the introduction of new experimental approaches, such as liquid biopsy, as well as new-concept clinical trials, such as biomarker-driven adaptive studies, may represent a turning point for BC translational research. </P><P> It is likely that translational research will have in the near future a significant impact on BC care, especially by giving us the possibility to dissect the complexity of tumor cell biology and develop new personalized treatment strategies.

Stochastic simulation for determining the design flood of cascade reservoir systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Lu ◽  
Huanghe Gu ◽  
Ziyin Xie ◽  
Jiufu Liu ◽  
Lejun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Stochastic Simulation Model ◽  
The Impact

Stochastic simulation is widely applied for estimating the design flood of various hydrosystems. The design flood at a reservoir site should consider the impact of upstream reservoirs, along with any development of hydropower. This paper investigates and applies a stochastic simulation approach for determining the design flood of a complex cascade of reservoirs in the Longtan watershed, southern China. The magnitude of the design flood when the impact of the upstream reservoirs is considered is less than that without considering them. In particular, the stochastic simulation model takes into account both systematic and historical flood records. As the reliability of the frequency analysis increases with more representative samples, it is desirable to incorporate historical flood records, if available, into the stochastic simulation model. This study shows that the design values from the stochastic simulation method with historical flood records are higher than those without historical flood records. The paper demonstrates the advantages of adopting a stochastic flow simulation approach to address design-flood-related issues for a complex cascade reservoir system.

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