scholarly journals Postpartum mood among universally screened high and low socioeconomic status patients during COVID-19 social restrictions in New York City.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Silverman ◽  
Laudy Burgos ◽  
Zoe I. Rodriguez ◽  
Omara Afzal ◽  
Alyssa Kalishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: The mental health effects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on postpartum women is of increasing concern among mental health practitioners. To date only a handful of studies have explored the impact of the pandemic during pregnancy and none have attempted explore the impact of pandemic related social restrictions on postpartum mood.Methods: Postpartum patients appearing to the Mount Sinai Health System for their postpartum appointment between January 2, 2020 and June 30, 2020, corresponding to before and during pandemic imposed social restrictions, were screened for mood symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Each patient’s socioeconomic status (SES; high/low) was determined by their location of clinical service.Results: 516 postpartum patients were screened. While no differences in EPDS scores were observed by SES prior to social restrictions (t(262)=0.23, p=.82), a significant change in mood symptomatology was observed following COVID-19 restrictions (t(288)=2.32, p<.02), with patients living in lower SES reporting significantly less depression symptomatology (t(321)=4.07, p<.01). There was no change in symptomatology among patients of higher SES (t(191)=0.59, p=0.56).Discussion: Postpartum depression, the most common complication of childbearing, is a prevalent, cross-cultural disorder with significant morbidity. The observed differences in postpartum mood between patients of different SES in the context of temporarily imposed COVID-19 related social restrictions present a unique opportunity to better understand the specific health and social support needs of postpartum patients living in urban poverty. Given that maternal mental illness has negative long-term developmental implications for the offspring, and that poor mental health reinforces the poverty cycle, future policy specifically directed towards supporting urban postpartum women living in low-SES by ameliorating some of the early maternal mental health burdens associated with balancing employment-family-childcare demands may assist in interrupting this cycle while simultaneously improving the long-term outcomes of their offspring.

scholarly journals Postpartum mood among universally screened high and low socioeconomic status patients during COVID-19 social restrictions in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Silverman ◽  
Laudy Burgos ◽  
Zoe I. Rodriguez ◽  
Omara Afzal ◽  
Alyssa Kalishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Future Health

AbstractThe mental health effects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on postpartum women are of increasing concern among mental health practitioners. To date, only a handful of studies have explored the emotional impact of the pandemic surrounding pregnancy and none have investigated the consequence of pandemic-related social restrictions on the postpartum mood of those living among different socioeconomic status (SES). All postpartum patients appearing to the Mount Sinai Health System for their postpartum appointment between January 2, 2020 and June 30, 2020, corresponding to before and during pandemic imposed social restrictions, were screened for mood symptomatology using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Each patient’s socioeconomic status (high/low) was determined by their location of clinical service. A total of 516 postpartum patients were screened. While no differences in EPDS scores were observed by SES prior to social restrictions (U = 7956.0, z = − 1.05, p = .293), a significant change in mood symptomatology was observed following COVID-19 restrictions (U = 4895.0, z = − 3.48, p < .001), with patients living in lower SES reporting significantly less depression symptomatology (U = 9209.0, z = − 4.56, p < .001). There was no change in symptomatology among patients of higher SES (U = 4045.5, z = − 1.06, p = .288). Postpartum depression, the most common complication of childbearing, is a prevalent, cross-cultural disorder with significant morbidity. The observed differences in postpartum mood between patients of different SES in the context of temporarily imposed COVID-19-related social restrictions present a unique opportunity to better understand the specific health and social support needs of postpartum patients living in urban economic poverty. Given that maternal mental illness has negative long-term developmental implications for the offspring and that poor mental health reinforces the poverty cycle, future health policy specifically directed towards supporting postpartum women living in low SES by ameliorating some of the early maternal burdens associated with balancing employment-family-childcare demands may assist in interrupting this cycle while simultaneously improving the long-term outcomes of their offspring.

scholarly journals The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Distress: A Within and Between Twin Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine R. Lam ◽  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Katrina J. Scurrah ◽  
Nicola J. Reavley ◽  
Gillian S. Dite
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractLow socioeconomic status (SES) has been established as a risk factor for poor mental health; however, the relationship between SES and mental health problems can be confounded by genetic and environmental factors in standard regression analyses and observational studies of unrelated individuals. In this study, we used a within-pair twin design to control for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounders in investigating the association between SES and psychological distress. We also employed within–between pair regression analysis to assess whether the association was consistent with causality. SES was measured using the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage (IRSD), income and the Australian Socioeconomic Index 2006 (AUSEI06); psychological distress was measured using the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Data were obtained from Twins Research Australia’s Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire (2014–2017), providing a maximum sample size of 1395 pairs. Twins with higher AUSEI06 scores had significantly lower K6 scores than their co-twins after controlling for shared genetic and environmental traits (βW [within-pair regression coefficient] = −0.012 units, p = .006). Twins with higher income had significantly lower K6 scores than their co-twins after controlling for familial confounders (βW = −0.182 units, p = .002). There was no evidence of an association between the IRSD and K6 scores within pairs (βW, p = .6). Using a twin design to eliminate the effect of potential confounders, these findings further support the association between low SES and poor mental health, reinforcing the need to address social determinants of poor mental health, in addition to interventions targeted to individuals.

Health Impacts of Floods

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Du ◽  
Gerard Joseph FitzGerald ◽  
Michele Clark ◽  
Xiang-Yu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction:Floods are the most common hazard to cause disasters and have led to extensive morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The impact of floods on the human community is related directly to the location and topography of the area, as well as human demographics and characteristics of the built environment.Objectives:The aim of this study is to identify the health impacts of disasters and the underlying causes of health impacts associated with floods. A conceptual framework is developed that may assist with the development of a rational and comprehensive approach to prevention, mitigation, and management.Methods:This study involved an extensive literature review that located >500 references, which were analyzed to identify common themes, findings, and expert views. The findings then were distilled into common themes.Results:The health impacts of floods are wide ranging, and depend on a number of factors. However, the health impacts of a particular flood are specific to the particular context. The immediate health impacts of floods include drowning, injuries, hypothermia, and animal bites. Health risks also are associated with the evacuation of patients, loss of health workers, and loss of health infrastructure including essential drugs and supplies. In the medium-term, infected wounds, complications of injury, poisoning, poor mental health, communicable diseases, and starvation are indirect effects of flooding. In the long-term, chronic disease, disability, poor mental health, and poverty-related diseases including malnutrition are the potential legacy.Conclusions:This article proposes a structured approach to the classification of the health impacts of floods and a conceptual framework that demonstrates the relationships between floods and the direct and indirect health consequences.

scholarly journals Growing pains: a scoping literature review of how perinatal psychiatry was impacted by COVID-19

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S231-S231
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
African Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Perinatal Psychiatry ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
The Impact

AimsThis scoping review aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the field of Perinatal Psychiatry and identify any innovations made as a result of this.BackgroundThe World Health Organisation declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic on March 11th 2020. This pandemic has transformed the way in which Perinatal Psychiatric services are delivered in the United Kingdom and countries across the globe acting as a catalyst for innovation.MethodThe databases searched for peer reviewed literature written since December 2019 were: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PUBMED. Search strategy key words were: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, perinatal psychiatry and maternal mental health. Arksey and O'Malley's framework was utilised. Data were collated and summarized thematically.Result42 studies met the inclusion criteria. The aforementioned studies included data from over 60,000 women from the following countries: China, Italy, Netherlands, United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, India, Spain, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, Iran, Japan and Nepal. Literature clearly indicates that during the pandemic there was an increase in depression and anxiety. Risk factors included: financial insecurity, disrupted antenatal care, isolation, poor physical health and domestic violence. Evidence also suggested COVID-19 stressors impacted feeding practices and infant development as cytokines pass from mother to baby.Perinatal Psychiatry services have adopted social media apps to provide antenatal information, teleconsultations, smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) programs and increased utilisation of screening tools such as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale.ConclusionWhilst this review features literature centred on women from across the globe African women are underrepresented. This should be addressed in future studies. This review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted maternal mental health and acted as a catalyst for innovation. It is essential that efforts are made to support women during pregnancy and the perinatal period now more than ever.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic impacted maternal mental health differently depending on pregnancy status and trimester of gestation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anick Bérard ◽  
Jessica Gorgui ◽  
Vanina Tchuente ◽  
Anaïs Lacasse ◽  
Yessica-Haydee Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Wave

Abstract Introduction: We aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, stratifying on pregnancy status, trimester of gestation, and pandemic period/wave.Methods: Pregnant persons and persons who delivered in Canada during the pandemic, >18 years, were recruited, and data were collected using a web-based strategy. The current analysis includes data on persons enrolled between 06/2020-08/2021. Maternal sociodemographic indicators, mental health measures (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7), stress) were self-reported. Maternal mental health in pregnant women (stratified by trimester, and pandemic period/wave at recruitment) was compared with mental health of women who had delivered; determinants of severe depression were identified with multivariate logistic regression models.Results: 2,574 persons were pregnant and 626 had already delivered at recruitment. Participants who had delivered had significantly higher mean depressive symptom scores compared to those pregnant at recruitment (9.1 (SD, 5.7) vs. 8.4 (SD, 5.3), p=0.009). Among those who were pregnant at recruitment, depressive symptoms were significantly higher in women recruited in their third trimester, and those recruited during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Maternal anxiety (aOR 1.51; 95%CI 1.44-1.59) and stress (aOR 1.35; 95%CI 1.24-1.48) were the most significant predictors of severe maternal depression (EDPS˃13) in pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on maternal depression during pregnancy and in the post-partum period. Given that gestational depression/anxiety/stress have been associated with preterm birth and childhood cognitive problems, it is essential to continue following women/children, and develop strategies to reduce COVID-19’s longer-term impact.

scholarly journals Mental Health Crisis 911 Calls, Resources, and Inequality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Frankham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Health Related

WORKING PAPER Is socioeconomic status a predictor of mental health-related 911 calls independent of mental health? Answering this question is important because knowing which factors are associated with mental health-related calls could influence effective resource allocation. I analyze census tract- level data across three cities and find that a lack of financial resources is positively associated with mental health-related calls, independent of poor mental health. I argue that individuals of low socioeconomic status rely on this public safety net more so than affluent individuals, and that this is an under-recognized mechanism by which individuals of low socioeconomic status with mental illness come into contact with police.

scholarly journals Impact of household food insecurity on maternal mental health in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Eman Mahfouz ◽  
Eman Mohammed ◽  
Shaza Alkilany ◽  
Tarek Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Impact

Background: Food insecurity leads to disturbed eating patterns, hunger or poor nutrition and is strongly correlated with poor mental health. Aims: To determine the impact of household food insecurity on maternal mental health in a rural population in Egypt. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Qulubba Village in Minia Governorate. We interviewed 497 mothers with at least one child, using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and Hopkins Symptom Check List-25. Results: Nearly 70% of women resided in food-insecure households. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly more common among food-insecure mothers. By logistic regression analysis, household food insecurity, socioeconomic status, husband working abroad and number of children were significant predictors of maternal distress. Mothers with severe food insecurity were approximately 13 times more likely to experience mental distress than were food secure-mothers. Conclusions: Household food insecurity was associated with an increased likelihood of poor maternal mental health. The study highlights the need for policies to decrease poverty and programmes for screening and addressing food insecurity. Integrating mental health into programmes addressing food insecurity and providing counselling are recommended.

scholarly journals Association between depressive symptoms and objective/subjective socioeconomic status among older adults of two regions in Myanmar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245489
Author(s):  
Yuri Sasaki ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subjective Ses

Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98–5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08–4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69–8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on maternal mental health and coping in the UK: Data from the COVID-19 New Mum Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dib ◽  
Emeline Rougeaux ◽  
Adriana Vázquez-Vázquez ◽  
Jonathan CK Wells ◽  
Mary Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Background: Depression and anxiety affect up to 20% of new and expectant mothers during the perinatal period; this rate may have increased due to COVID-19 and lockdown measures. This analysis aimed to assess how mothers are feeling and coping during lockdown, and to identify the potential pathways that can assist them. Methods: 1329 women living in the UK aged ≥18 years with an infant ≤12 months of age completed an anonymous online survey. Descriptive analysis of maternal mental health, coping, support received, activities undertaken and consequences of lockdown was conducted. Linear regression was used to predict maternal mental health and coping, using activities, support, and consequences of the lockdown as predictors, while adjusting for age, gestational age, ethnicity, income, marital status and number of children. Results: More than half of the participants reported feeling down (56%), lonely (59%), irritable (62%) and worried (71%), to some or high extent since lockdown began. Despite this, 70% felt able to cope with the situation. Support with her own health (95% CI .004, .235), contacting infant support groups (95% CI -.003, .252), and higher infant gestational age (95% CI .000, .063) predicted better mental health. Travelling for work (95% CI -.680, -.121), lockdown having a major impact on the ability to afford food (95% CI -1.202, -.177), and having an income lower than 30k (95% CI -.475, -.042) predicted poorer mental health. Support with her own health and more equal division of household chores were associated with better coping. Conclusion: During lockdown, a large proportion of new mothers experienced symptoms of poor mental health; mothers of infants with lower gestational age, with low income, and who are travelling to work were particularly at risk. However, greater support for maternal health and with household chores showed positive associations with maternal mental health and coping. These findings highlight the urgent need to assess maternal mental health, and to identify prevention strategies for mothers during different stages of lockdown.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and depression from middle age to the oldest old: gender is more important than age

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Tait ◽  
Davina J. French ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol use disorders are associated with other mental health disorders in young adults, but there are few data on alcohol use and mental health outcomes in older adults, particularly the oldest old. This study examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms.Methods: Data were collected from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project, which has pooled nine Australian longitudinal studies. Alcohol consumption was classified using standard drinks (10 g alcohol)/day as: abstinent, low risk (<0–≤2 standard drinks), long-term risk (>2–≤4) and short-term risk (>4). Probable depression was classified from harmonized scores on various standard instruments (e.g. Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale).Results: Overall, 39,104 (86%) participants contributed data. Alcohol classification at baseline showed 7,526 abstinent, 28,112 low risk, 2,271 long-term risk, and 1,195 short-term risk participants. Age ranged from 45 to 103 year (median 60). Using generalized estimating equations (GEE), there were significant gender by alcohol and gender by age interactions, so the analysis was split by gender. Among males, the abstinent and short-term risk groups had increased likelihood of depression: in females the abstinent, long- and short-term risk groups had increased odds of depression. Increased odds of depression was also associated with former and current smoking, younger age-group, not being partnered, leaving school before age 15 and increasing levels of health-impaired walking, dressing, or bathing.Conclusion: The impact of alcohol use differs by gender, nevertheless those using higher levels of alcohol or who smoke should be screened for depression and may benefit from interventions.

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