scholarly journals The association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Menghao Sang ◽  
Yanhua Lu ◽  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Background Inhibitory control develops rapidly during the preschool stage, and development of inhibitory control in this period is significant for the healthy growth of the future. However, most studies paid more attention to children and adolescents in recent years, but less focus on preschool children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study, 128 preschool children in Yangpu District of Shanghai were recruited by convenient sampling. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was obtained by adding standard scores of six indicators: body mass index, handgrip strength, standing long jump, one-leg balance, 2×10m shuttle run test, and 20m shuttle run test. Inhibitory control was assessed using the flanker task and reflected by reaction time and accuracy. Results A total of 120 preschoolers were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting the confounders, HPFT was associated with reaction time (β=-2.49ms, 95%CI: -4.22, -0.75). Similarly, a negative association was observed between one-leg balance and reaction time (β=-12.04ms, 95%CI: -18.94, -5.15), and between 20m shuttle run and reaction time (β=-23.28ms, 95%CI: -37.00, -9.56). Compared with the participants in the lowest tertile, HPFT (β=-158.74, 95%CI: -309.63, -7.84), one-leg balance(β=-267.25ms, 95%CI: -420.71, -113.79) and 20m shuttle run (β=-215.58ms, 95%CI: -374.67, -56.49) were all negatively associated with reaction time of those in the highest tertile. Conclusion In addition, there was a non-linear relationship between HPFT and reaction time (β=-3.46ms,95%CI: -5.39, -1.53) when HPFT > 249. In conclusion, in order to improve the inhibitory control, it’s suggested that HPFT of preschoolers should be at least 249.

scholarly journals The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Lu ◽  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Menghao Sang ◽  
Longkai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: The results of sedentary time (ST) and health-related physical fitness (HPF) are not completely consistent and the studies concentrated on pre-schoolers are very limited.Methods: We measured ST and ST patterns (ST Bouts time, ST Breaks times) by accelerometer. The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was calculated by five indexes: height-weight standard score, 20 m shuttle-run test, grip strength, standing long jump and 2 × 10 m shuttle-run test.Results: We included 375 pre-schoolers (211 boys, 164 girls) in the final analysis. The total ST and ST Bouts times negatively correlated with HPFT in pre-schoolers. HPFT reduced by 1.69 and 0.70 points per 10 min increased in total ST and ST Bouts times, respectively. HPFT of the highest quartile group reduced by 9.85 points in total ST, and 10.54 points in ST Bouts time compared with the lowest quartile group. However, the HPFT increased by 0.09 points per 10 times increased in ST Breaks times; the HPFT increased by 16.21 and 15.59 points when moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) replaced total ST and ST Bouts time.Conclusions: HPF negatively correlated with the Total ST and ST Bouts times, but positively correlated with ST Breaks times; and HPF significantly improved when MVPA replaced ST in pre-schoolers.

scholarly journals Is Self-Reported Physical Fitness Useful for Estimating Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents? A Reliability and Validity Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes ◽  
Regina Célia Vilanova-Campelo ◽  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background and objective: The assessment of physical fitness has become a necessary issue in epidemiological studies, since a reduction in fitness is directly associated with early mortality. Therefore, the development of simple, accurate, and inexpensive methods is necessary to measure physical fitness. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the criteria and constructs of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS), Portuguese version, in Brazilian pediatric populations. Methods: A total of 190 children aged 3–10 years and 110 adolescents aged 11–17 years were enrolled in an observational study of reliability and validity. For reliability, the participants completed a questionnaire twice (with an interval of 15 days). To test the criterion validity, we analyzed the agreement between the questionnaire and physical tests (20-m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, standing long jump tests, 4 × 10-m shuttle run test, and back-saver sit and reach test), and the construct validity was estimated by agreement between the questionnaire and high blood pressure. The reliability was analyzed by kappa coefficients. The agreement between the testing and retesting of the questionnaire was evaluated by kappa coefficients. We applied a 2 × 2 table to estimate the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the children was 6.7 years (n = 190), and for the adolescents it was 14.6 years (n = 110). The questionnaire reliability showed an almost perfect score (κ ≥ 0.93 in children and κ ≥ 0.88 in adolescents). The questionnaire showed moderate criterion validity (κ ≥ 0.40 in children and adolescents) as well as moderate construct validity (κ ≥ 0.40) in the components of general conditioning, cardiorespiratory capacity, muscular strength, and speed/agility in children and in the components of cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, and speed/agility in adolescents. The questionnaire was a sensitive method for measuring physical fitness. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the IFIS is a reliable and valid method for measuring physical fitness in pediatric populations.

Locomotive and Non-Locomotive Activity as Determined by Triaxial Accelerometry and Physical Fitness in Japanese Preschool Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Hikihara ◽  
Kazunori Ohkawara ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test

This study examined the potential relationship between participation in physical activity (PA) assessed by triaxial accelerometry and physical fitness testing, including health-related and skill-related parameters of fitness, in 136 Japanese preschoolers (65 girls and 71 boys, 5.5 ± 0.6 years). In partial correlation analyses, grip strength and 20m shuttle run test were positively correlated with time spent in physical activity ratio (PAR) ≥ 4. Better scores on standing long jump distance and jump over and crawl under tests were associated with lower sedentary time and greater moderate-to-vigorous PA time and PAR ≥ 4 time, and increased physical activity level. Moreover, 25m run speed was positively correlated with time spent in PAR ≥ 4 and locomotive activity. These findings suggest that development of both health-related (muscle strength and aerobic fitness) and skill-related fitness (power, agility and speed) may make engagement in PA easier for preschool children, although further research on the cause-effect relationship is needed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gross Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness in Children: Comparison between Soccer and Multisport Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Popović ◽  
Marko Gušić ◽  
Danilo Radanović ◽  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
Dejan M. Madić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Training Professionals ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The early detection and continuous monitoring of children’s motor competence levels and physical fitness is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in motor coordination of children enrolled in soccer and multisport activities. The participants of this study included 147 boys and girls (mean age 7.60 ± 0.85 years). The total sample of subjects was composed of two subgroups: children who were enrolled in organized exercise programs—multisports (n = 77), and children who were engaged in soccer training (n = 70). Motor coordination was evaluated with the Kiphard–Schilling body coordination test (KTK). Physical fitness was assessed with a 20 m shuttle run test, 4 × 10 m shuttle run test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength. The ANCOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with large effect size between groups for tests hopping for height (d = 0.93), total motor quotient (d = 1.31), jumping sideways (d = 1.32), and moving sideways (d = 1.59), after adjusting for age and gender. There were no significant differences between groups in the physical fitness tests. It can be concluded that children enrolled in multisport activities have higher levels of motor coordination than children who are enrolled only in soccer. Therefore, multiple sport training programs should be considered and encouraged by parents, educators, and other training professionals.

scholarly journals Functional endurance capacity is associated with multiple other physical fitness components in 7–14-year-olds: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Lovro Štefan ◽  
Vilko Petrić ◽  
Vesna Štemberger ◽  
Iva Blažević
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Measure ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Background Although evidence suggests that functional endurance capacity is the most important component associated with future health, little is known of how it is associated with multiple other physical fitness components. Since various physical fitness aspects do not change the same as functional endurance capacity during childhood, it is necessary to establish possible associations between functional endurance capacity and other physical fitness components in children. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to test the associations between functional endurance capacity with other physical fitness components in 7–14-year-old children, stratified by gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1612 children [mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 9.72 ± 2.37 years; 52.5% girls). Health-related physical fitness components included: 1) body-mass index (kg/m2) calculated from height and weight (measure of body size), 2) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility), 3) standing broad jump (measure of explosive strength of lower extremities), 4) sit-ups in 30 s (measure of repetitive strength of the trunk), 5) 10 × 5 shuttle run test (measure of agility) and 6) 20-m shuttle run test (measure of functional endurance capacity). The associations were performed using generalized estimating equations with beta (β) coefficients. Results After adjusting for age, functional endurance capacity was associated with sit-and-reach test (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.59, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.53, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = − 0.56, p < 0.001) in boys. In girls, functional endurance capacity was associated with body-mass index (β = − 0.12, p < 0.001), sit-and-reach test (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = − 0.40, p < 0.001). No significant associations between functional endurance capacity and body-mass index in boys were observed. Conclusions Although significant, functional endurance capacity is weakly to moderately associated with other physical fitness components, pointing out that such measure should be tested separately from other aspects of physical fitness in school-aged children.

scholarly journals Temporal trend of cardiorespiratory endurance in urban Catalan high school students over a 20 year period

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10365
Author(s):  
Jordi Arboix-Alió ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
Enric M. Sebastiani ◽  
Joan Aguilera-Castells ◽  
Sergio Marcaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background Physical fitness is considered an important indicator of health in adolescents. However, in recent years several studies in the scientific literature have shown a considerable lower trend and an alarming worsening of the current adolescents’ physical condition when comparing with previous decades, especially in urban populations. The aim of the current study was to analyse the temporal trend in cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) in urban Catalan adolescents over a 20-year period (1999–2019). Methods A cross-sectional analysis study considering the 20-m Shuttle Run test (SRT) results obtained in the last 20 years was carried out. 1,701 adolescents between 15 and 16 years old (914 boys and 787 girls) were divided into four groups, corresponding to consecutive periods of five years (Group 1: 1999–2004; Group 2: 2005–2009; Group 3: 2010–2014 and Group 4: 2015–2019). ANOVA was used to test the period effect on CRE and post hoc Bonferroni analysis was performed to test pairwise differences between groups (p < 0.05). Results Results showed a significantly lower performance in CRE in both sexes. The percentual negative difference was 0.67%, 9.6% and 7% for boys and 5.06%, 14.97% and 9.41% for girls, when comparing the performance in 20-m Shuttle Run test for the first period, respectively. Conclusions Results suggest that the physical fitness of Catalan urban adolescents is lower in both sexes when comparing the different analysed periods of time. Therefore, CRE adolescents should be improved in order to help to protect against cardiovascular disease and other health risks in adulthood.

scholarly journals Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviours and its relationship with weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of Flemish 11- to 12-year-olds

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Seghers ◽  
Cindy Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity (PA), sedentariness and food habits, in young adolescents. The present study also investigated whether the identified groups could be characterised by gender and components of health-related physical fitness, especially weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).DesignA cross-sectional survey. Leisure-time PA, sedentary behaviour and food consumption were assessed by a questionnaire. Overweight prevalence was estimated using BMI (kg/m2) calculated from self-reported height and weight. CRF was measured using a 20 m shuttle-run test.SettingThe study was conducted in four middle schools in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsThe sample size was 317 seventh grade students aged 11–12 years.ResultsFour reliable and meaningful lifestyle clusters could be identified, labelled as ‘Sporty media-oriented mixed eaters’ (boys:n34; girls:n16), ‘Academic healthy eaters’ (boys:n30; girls:n58), ‘Inactive healthy eaters’ (boys:n38; girls:n57) and ‘Inactive media-oriented unhealthy eaters’ (boys:n35; girls:n49). The lifestyle clusters could not be characterised by adolescents’ weight status. Among boys, the ‘Sporty media-oriented mixed eaters’ group performed significantly better on the shuttle-run test than those in clusters with the lowest levels of PA (clusters 3 and 4).ConclusionsOur results showed that healthy and risk-related behaviours may coexist in some groups of young adolescents. Isolated unhealthy behaviours, such as high levels of screen-based media use or high consumption of energy-dense food items, are not necessarily related with negative health outcomes, on the condition that these risk-related behaviours co-occur with more health-enhancing behaviours such as PA.

scholarly journals Associations between Daily Step Counts and Physical Fitness in Preschool Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Chunyi Fang ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Longkai Li ◽  
Yaofei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between daily step counts and physical fitness in preschool children. Methods: Preschoolers’ step counts were assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers consecutively for seven days. Physical fitness was assessed by a 20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness), the handgrip and standing long jump tests (musculoskeletal fitness), and the 2 × 10 m shuttle run test (speed/agility). A composite score was created from the mean of the standardized values of all physical fitness tests. Results: A total of 301 preschoolers (134 girls, mean age 57.40 ± 5.47 months; 167 boys, mean age 58.10 ± 5.34 months) were included in the final analysis. Compared with the lowest tertile, boys and girls in the highest tertile of step counts achieved high physical fitness with odds ratio (OR) being 5.39 (95% CI = 1.65–17.59) and 4.42 (95% CI = 1.30–14.99), respectively, after adjusting for confounders. Meanwhile, a relationship was observed for each 1000 steps/day increment being associated with 43% (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–1.85) and 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20–2.19) increment for high physical fitness in boys and girls, respectively. In addition, significant non-linear relationship was observed between daily steps and physical fitness in boys, which indicated that accumulated 8000 steps/day was associated with the highest ratio to achieve high physical fitness. Conclusions: Positive relationships between step counts and physical fitness were observed in preschool children, and the relationships were strongest for those who accumulated 8000 steps/day in boys. To confirm the findings in this study, well-designed and large-scale longitudinal studies are needed in the future.

scholarly journals Anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health related physical fitness in university professors

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Costa Moreira ◽  
Renata Aparecida Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira ◽  
Leonice Aparecida Doimo ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Related

AbstractObjective To verify the behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health-related physical fitness in university professors and perform a comparison of these variables between sexes.Materials and methods We conducted an observational epidemiological cross-sectional study in 145 professors (45.86 ± 9.7 years), 103 men (71.03%), which were evaluated by measuring heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure at rest, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We proceeded to the descriptive analysis, Student t-test for comparison between sexes and multiple regression analysis to verify the association between the variables analyzed. It was adopted a significance level of p < 0.05.Results The sex affected all variables. Women had better levels of BMI, flexibility, SBP and DBP. The BF% and CRF were associated with SBP and BMI in both sexes.Conclusion The behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables indicated unsatisfactory values for flexibility, HGS and BMI, with the worst levels among men. Furthermore, the variables that showed better association with HRPF were BF% and CRF.

scholarly journals Examination of Construct Validity and Criterion-Related Validity of the German Motor Test in Egyptian Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8341
Author(s):  
Osama Abdelkarim ◽  
Julian Fritsch ◽  
Darko Jekauc ◽  
Klaus Bös
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Health Related

Physical fitness is an indicator for children’s public health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the construct validity and the criterion-related validity of the German motor test (GMT) in Egyptian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 931 children aged 6 to 11 years (age: 9.1 ± 1.7 years) with 484 (52%) males and 447 (48%) females in grades one to five in Assiut city. The children’s physical fitness data were collected using GMT. GMT is designed to measure five health-related physical fitness components including speed, strength, coordination, endurance, and flexibility of children aged 6 to 18 years. The anthropometric data were collected based on three indicators: body height, body weight, and BMI. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS AMOS 26.0 using full-information maximum likelihood. The results indicated an adequate fit (χ2 = 112.3, df = 20; p < 0.01; CFI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.07). The χ2-statistic showed significant results, and the values for CFI and RMSEA showed a good fit. All loadings of the manifest variables on the first-order latent factors as well as loadings of the first-order latent factors on the second-order superordinate factor were significant. The results also showed strong construct validity in the components of conditioning abilities and moderate construct validity in the components of coordinative abilities. GMT proved to be a valid method and could be widely used on large-scale studies for health-related fitness monitoring in the Egyptian population.

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