scholarly journals A Self-Assembling Blockchain-Based Database in Global Data Sharing of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedieh Sajedi ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadipanah ◽  
Melika Davoodzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Trusted Data

Abstract Background The year 2020 has been through the occurrence of a pandemic caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2. The uncontrolled worldwide spread of COVID-19 and the rapid transmission of this virus lead to more and more cases, which results in a massive data stream. Each day a new set of data points are being reported regarding the number of positive test results, patients hospitalized, deaths, ventilator shortages, etc. This paper reviews Blockchain technology principles that suit it for data sharing of the pandemic and highlights the potential applications and opportunities in allying this form of data deposition and sharing for combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Blockchain has potential application in rapid data sharing of COVID-19 associated data. Data sharing using Blockchain is among the most influencing and practical approaches that healthcare data management can utilize to be more efficacious. Despite Blockchain robustness, it still has limitations that need to be considered in this paper. Conclusions The key concept of Blockchain technology is decentralization, which provides high performance and security for records stored on the net. Moreover, Blockchain is accessible to every participating block in the network. As a result, Blockchain can play an important role in storing and sharing medical records by giving global secure access to trusted data.

scholarly journals Hierarchically Authorized Transactions for Massive Internet-of-Things Data Sharing Based on Multilayer Blockchain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichang Xuan ◽  
Yibo Zhang ◽  
Hao Tang ◽  
Ilyong Chung ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) era and the rise of Big Data, cloud computing, and similar technologies, data resources are becoming increasingly valuable. Organizations and users can perform all kinds of processing and analysis on the basis of massive IoT data, thus adding to their value. However, this is based on data-sharing transactions, and most existing work focuses on one aspect of data transactions, such as convenience, privacy protection, and auditing. In this paper, a data-sharing-transaction application based on blockchain technology is proposed, which comprehensively considers various types of performance, provides an efficient consistency mechanism, improves transaction verification, realizes high-performance concurrency, and has tamperproof functions. Experiments were designed to analyze the functions and storage of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Natural Silkworm Cocoon Composites with High Strength and Stiffness Constructed in Confined Cocooning Space

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Xiaoling Tong ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Zulan Liu ◽  
Huiming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

In this study, using round paper tubes (PTs) and rectangular cardboard boxes (CBs) as external constraints to control the size of the cocooning space, we fabricated a series of modified silkworm cocoons (PT cocoons and CB cocoons). Their microstructures, morphologies, compositions, and mechanical properties were characterized and compared with normal silkworm cocoons. These two kinds of modified silkworm cocoons exhibit dense and homogeneous layer structures. Tensile test results indicate that above a size limit of cocooning space, their tensile strengths, Young’s moduli, and strain energy densities increase with the decrease in cocooning space. Especially in comparison with the normal cocoons, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PT-14 cocoon increase by 44% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, PT cocoons and CB cocoons, except PT-12, also possess better peeling resistance than normal cocoons. Owing to the dense structure and low porosity, the modified cocoons form robust fiber networks that result in high strength and toughness. This study provides a green and efficient method to fabricate mechanically enhanced silkworm cocoons with special shapes and dense layer structures. The method can be easily subjected to further modification processes and has potential applications in the production of high-performance green cocoon composites and biomimetic materials.

scholarly journals A Hyperledger Fabric-Based System Framework for Healthcare Data Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11693
Author(s):  
Qianyu Wang ◽  
Shaowen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Existing Data

This study examined the requirements for privacy-preserving and interoperability in healthcare data sharing and proposed a blockchain-based solution. The Hyperledger Fabric framework was adopted due to its enterprise-grade data processing capabilities and enhanced privacy protection functions. In addition to the Fabric’s built-in privacy-preserving functions, healthcare data-specific smart contracts with hierarchical access control were developed to strengthen privacy protection in data sharing. The proposed healthcare data-sharing framework is based on Australian medical practices with the aim to upgrade, rather than to replace, the existing data management models. The outcome of this study demonstrates the feasibility of applying blockchain technology to improve privacy-preservation while enhancing interoperability in healthcare data management.

scholarly journals Blockchain as a Foundation for Sharing Healthcare Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek A Cyran
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Electronic Health

Blockchain technology has the potential to transform healthcare delivery by facilitating data sharing between providers and electronic health record (EHR) systems. However, significant roadblocks stand in the way of widespread implementation of this technology across the healthcare industry. Our blockchainbased data-sharing solution addresses two of the most critical challenges associated with using blockchain for health data sharing: protecting sensitive health information and deploying and installing blockchain software across diverse hospital environments. Since transparency is a fundamental feature of blockchain, we enabled user- and group-based secret sharing by adding purpose-built software that leverages a collection of well-established cryptographic algorithms. To streamline deployment, we built a containerized solution that guarantees portability, simplifies installation, and reduces overhead maintenance costs associated with administration. To ensure ease of implementation in a hospital system, we designed our blockchain solution using a distributed microservices architecture that allows us to encapsulate core functions of our system into isolated services that can be scaled independently based on the requirements of a particular hospital system deployment. As part of this architecture, we built core components for securely handling cryptographic secrets, interacting with blockchain nodes, facilitating large file sharing, enabling secondary-index based lookups, and integrating external business logic that governs how users interact with Smart Contracts. The innovative design of our blockchain solution, which addresses critical data security, deployment, and installation challenges, provides the healthcare community with a unique approach that has the power to connect providers while protecting sensitive data. Keywords: Blockchain, Data Sharing, Data Exchange, EHR,electronic health record, Ethereum, interplanetary file system, IPFS  

Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole Nanostructures for Energy Applications: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Bocchetta ◽  
Domenico Frattini ◽  
Miriana Tagliente ◽  
Filippo Selleri
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Cathodic Polymerization

By collecting and analyzing relevant literature results, we demonstrate that the nanostructuring of polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes is a crucial strategy to achieve high performance and stability in energy devices such as fuel cells, lithium batteries and supercapacitors. In this critic and comprehensive review, we focus the attention on the electrochemical methods for deposition of PPy, nanostructures and potential applications, by analyzing the effect of different physico-chemical parameters, electro-oxidative conditions including template-based or template-free depositions and cathodic polymerization. Diverse interfaces and morphologies of polymer nanodeposits are also discussed.

scholarly journals ESR white paper: blockchain and medical imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elmar Kotter ◽  
Luis Marti-Bonmati ◽  
Adrian P. Brady ◽  
Nandita M. Desouza
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Basic Technology

AbstractBlockchain can be thought of as a distributed database allowing tracing of the origin of data, and who has manipulated a given data set in the past. Medical applications of blockchain technology are emerging. Blockchain has many potential applications in medical imaging, typically making use of the tracking of radiological or clinical data. Clinical applications of blockchain technology include the documentation of the contribution of different “authors” including AI algorithms to multipart reports, the documentation of the use of AI algorithms towards the diagnosis, the possibility to enhance the accessibility of relevant information in electronic medical records, and a better control of users over their personal health records. Applications of blockchain in research include a better traceability of image data within clinical trials, a better traceability of the contributions of image and annotation data for the training of AI algorithms, thus enhancing privacy and fairness, and potentially make imaging data for AI available in larger quantities. Blockchain also allows for dynamic consenting and has the potential to empower patients and giving them a better control who has accessed their health data. There are also many potential applications of blockchain technology for administrative purposes, like keeping track of learning achievements or the surveillance of medical devices. This article gives a brief introduction in the basic technology and terminology of blockchain technology and concentrates on the potential applications of blockchain in medical imaging.

scholarly journals A Mixed-Methods Investigation into Barriers for Sharing Geospatial and Resilience Flood Data in the UK

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Luke Waterman ◽  
Mónica Rivas Casado ◽  
Emma Bergin ◽  
Gary McInally
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Third Sector Organisations ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Uk

With increases in average temperature and rainfall predicted, more households are expected to be at risk of flooding in the UK by 2050. Data and technologies are increasingly playing a critical role across public-, private- and third-sector organisations. However, barriers and constraints exist across organisations and industries that limit the sharing of data. We examine the international context for data sharing and variations between data-rich and data-sparse countries. We find that local politics and organisational structures influence data sharing. We focus on the case study of the UK, and on geospatial and flood resilience data in particular. We use a series of semi-structured interviews to evaluate data sharing limitations, with particular reference to geospatial and flood resilience data. We identify barriers and constraints when sharing data between organisations. We find technological, security, privacy, cultural and commercial barriers across different use cases and data points. Finally, we provide three long-term recommendations to improve the overall accessibility to flood data and enhance outcomes for organisations and communities.

scholarly journals Changes in Optical Properties upon Dye–Clay Interaction: Experimental Evaluation and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Giorgia Giovannini ◽  
René M. Rossi ◽  
Luciano F. Boesel
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Photochemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The development of hybrid materials with unique optical properties has been a challenge for the creation of high-performance composites. The improved photophysical and photochemical properties observed when fluorophores interact with clay minerals, as well as the accessibility and easy handling of such natural materials, make these nanocomposites attractive for designing novel optical hybrid materials. Here, we present a method of promoting this interaction by conjugating dyes with chitosan. The fluorescent properties of conjugated dye–montmorillonite (MMT) hybrids were similar to those of free dye–MMT hybrids. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the changes in optical properties of the dye interacting with clay and its structure and defined the physical and chemical mechanisms that take place upon dye–MMT interactions leading to the optical changes. Conjugation to chitosan additionally ensures stable adsorption on clay nanoplatelets due to the strong electrostatic interaction between chitosan and clay. This work thus provides a method to facilitate the design of solid-state hybrid nanomaterials relevant for potential applications in bioimaging, sensing and optical purposes.

Fish Attraction with Pulsed Low-Frequency Sound

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Underwater Television

A series of tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of pulsed low-frequency acoustic signals for attracting fishes. The acoustic signals were contrived to simulate the hydrodynamically generated disturbances normally associated with active predation. Underwater television was used to observe fish arrivals during both control and test periods. Demersal predatory fishes were successfully attracted although they habituated rapidly to the acoustic stimulus. Members of the families Serranidae, Lutjanidae, and Pomadasyidae were particularly well represented among the fishes attracted. Sharks were also attracted in considerable numbers. Herbivorous reef fishes, although common around the test site, were not attracted. Possible relationships between the test results and the hearing capabilities of fishes are discussed. It is concluded that acoustic attraction techniques have potential applications in certain existing commercial fisheries.

Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Gravel Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Gao Zou ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Jing Mao Liu ◽  
Xian Jing Kong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Shear Strain Amplitude

Two of the most important parameters in dynamic analysis involving soils are the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio. In this study, a series of tests were performed on gravels. For comparison, some other tests carried out by other researchers were also collected. The test results show that normalized shear modulus and damping ratio vary with the shear strain amplitude, (1) normalized shear modulus decreases with the increase of dynamic shear strain amplitude, and as the confining pressure increases, the test data points move from the low end toward the high end; (2) damping ratio increases with the increase of shear strain amplitude, damping ratio is dependent on confining pressure where an increase in confining pressure decreased damping ratio. According to the test results, a reference formula is proposed to evaluate the maximum dynamic shear modulus, the best-fit curve and standard deviation bounds for the range of data points are also proposed.

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