scholarly journals Mechanical, Barrier, Adhesion and Antibacterial Properties of Pullulan / Graphene Bio Nanocomposite Coating on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Film for Food Packaging Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragavanantham Shanmugam ◽  
Vishnuvarthanan Mayakrishnan ◽  
Radhakrishnan Kesavan ◽  
Kirubanandan Shanmugam ◽  
Subha Veeramani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Graphene Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanocellulose Film ◽  
Mechanical Barrier

Abstract In this study, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite was prepared and coated on the nanocellulose film to improve the surface, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties. The nanocellulose films were prepared by using a spray coating of nanocellulose suspension on stainless steel plates. The graphene nanoparticles were prepared by the modified Hummers method. The pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposites were prepared by solvent method with the addition of various wt% (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) of graphene with pullulan. The coating was carried out by the roller coating method. Results showed that the increased graphene nanoparticles in pullulan coating increased the opacity, surface hydrophobicity, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate and watervapour transmission rate of the coated nanocellulose film. Also, the coated film showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus. In this research work, it was concluded that the graphene nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% showed efficient results. The exceptional properties of the pullulan/graphene bio nanocomposite coating on the nanocellulose film will give a new pathway to high performance food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Enhanced Antimicrobial Breathable Biodegradable Polymeric Films for Food Packaging Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
Mona M. Abd Al-Ghani ◽  
Rasha A. Azzam ◽  
Tarek M. Madkour
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Microporous Films ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

The principle of breathable food packaging is to provide the optimal number of pores to transfer a sufficient amount of fresh air into the packaging headspace. In this work, antimicrobial microporous eco-friendly polymeric membranes were developed for food packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were chosen as the main packaging polymers for their biodegradability. To develop the microporous films, sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used as porogenic agents and the membranes were prepared using solvent-casting techniques. The results showed that films with of 50% NaCl and 10% PEO by mass achieved the highest air permeability and oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) with PLA. Meanwhile, blends of 20% PLA and 80% PCL by mass showed the highest air permeability and O2TR at 100% NaCl composition. The microporous membranes were also coated with cinnamaldehyde, a natural antimicrobial ingredient, to avoid the transportation of pathogens through the membranes into the packaged foods. In vitro analysis showed that the biodegradable membranes were not only environmentally friendly but also allowed for maximum food protection through the transportation of sterile fresh air, making them ideal for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Paper-Based Oil Barrier Packaging using Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Tayeb ◽  
Mehdi Tajvidi ◽  
Douglas Bousfield
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Surface Barrier ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate

Environmental and health concerns are driving the need for new materials in food packaging to replace poly- or perfluorinated compounds, aluminum layers, and petroleum-based polymers. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have been shown by a number of groups to form excellent barrier layers to oxygen and grease. However, the influence of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) on film barrier properties has not been well reported. Herein, thin films (16 g/m2) from LCNF and CNF were formed on paper substrates through a filtration technique that should mimic the addition of material at the wet end of a paper machine. Surface, barrier and mechanical attributes of these samples were characterized. The analysis on the surface free energy and water contact angle pointed to the positive role of lignin distribution in inducing a certain degree of water repellency. The observed oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor permeability (WVP) values of LCNF-coated samples were nearly similar to those with CNF. However, the presence of lignin improved the oil proof performance; these layered designs exhibited an excellent resistance to grease (kit No. 12). The attained papers with LCNF coat were formed into bowl-like containers using metal molds and a facile oven drying protocol to evaluate their resistance to oil penetration over a longer period. The results confirmed the capability of LCNF layer in holding commercially available cooking oils with no evidence of leakage for over five months. Also, an improvement in the tensile strength and elongation at break was observed in the studied papers. Overall, the proposed packaging material possesses viable architecture and can be considered as a fully wood-based alternative for the current fluorocarbon systems.

scholarly journals Renewable cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging to avoid fossil fuel plastic pollution: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Qasim ◽  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Mohammed Al-Abri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanoparticles

Abstract The extensive use of petroleum-based synthetic and non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications has caused severe environmental damage. The rising demand for sustainable packaging materials has encouraged scientists to explore abundant unconventional materials. For instance, cellulose, extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, has gained attention owing to its ecological and biodegradable nature. This article reviews the extraction of cellulose nanoparticles from conventional and non-conventional lignocellulosic biomass, and the preparation of cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging. Cellulosic nanocomposites exhibit exceptional mechanical, biodegradation, optical and barrier properties, which are attributed to the nanoscale structure and the high specific surface area, of 533 m2 g−1, of cellulose. The mechanical properties of composites improve with the content of cellulose nanoparticles, yet an excessive amount induces agglomeration and, in turn, poor mechanical properties. Addition of cellulose nanoparticles increases tensile properties by about 42%. Barrier properties of the composites are reinforced by cellulose nanoparticles; for instance, the water vapor permeability decreased by 28% in the presence of 5 wt% cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, 1 wt% addition of filler decreased the oxygen transmission rate by 21%. We also discuss the eco-design process, designing principles and challenges.

scholarly journals Nano-Brick Wall Architectures Account for Super Oxygen Barrier PET Film by Quadlayer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes and α-ZrP Nanoplatelets

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Yiqing Luo ◽  
Qing Ju ◽  
Xujing Xiao ◽  
Min Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Pet Film

Nanobrick wall hybrid coating with super oxygen barrier properties were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using a quadlayer (QL) assembly of polyelectrolytes and nanoplateles. A quadlayer assembly consists of three repeat units of polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and layered α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). PDDA with positive charges can assemble alternatively with both α-ZrP and PAA with negative charges to form nanobrick wall architectures on the surface of PET film via the electrostatic interaction. The lamellar structure of α-ZrP platelets and the dense QL assembly coating can greatly reduce the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of PET film. Compared to pristine PET film, the OTR of PET (QL)19 is reduced from 57 to 0.87 cc/m2/day. Moreover, even with 19 QLs coating, PET (QL)19 composite film is still with an optical transparency higher than 90% and a haze lower than 10%. Therefore, the transparent PET (QL)n composite films with super oxygen barrier properties show great potential application in food packaging and flexible electronic packaging.

Effect of Nano-Silica Loading on Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Food Packaging Based LLDPE Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee ◽  
Arjaree Pradittham ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Blown Film ◽  
Morphology Of Films ◽  
Future Work

In the present work, nano-silica was used in preparing LLDPE/nano-silica as an outer layer film for LLDPE reinforced nano-silica/LDPE/LLDPE multilayer film for microwavable packaging materials in future work. Thus, the objective of this work was studied the optimal of modified nano-silica loading into LLDPE film on barrier and mechanical properties. The experiments were divided into 2 main steps: surface treatment of nano-silica with vinyltriethoxysilane by ultrasonic agitation, and preparation of linear low density polyethylene film reinforced with untreated and treated nano-silica which different silica quantities are 1, 3, and 5 phr by blown film extruder. And then the surface morphology of films was examined by SEM. The properties of the film were analysis, oxygen transmission rate of film was characterized by OTR, water vapor transmission rate of film was characterized by WVTR, and tensile properties (tensile strength, % elongation and modulus) of films were examined by universal testing machine. Results indicated that the LLDPE loaded with 1 phr of nano-silica treated with vinyltriethoxysilane had better tensile strength and % elongation than at 3 and 5 phr of treated and untreated nano-silica.

scholarly journals Improving the Oxygen Barrier of Polyamide Food Packaging by Using Nanoclay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonis PAARA ◽  
Sven LANGE ◽  
Kristjan SAAL ◽  
Rünno LÕHMUS ◽  
Andres KRUMME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Polyamide Film ◽  
Film Making

The effect of nanoclay additive on polyamide film oxygen permeability is investigated from the perspective of possible use as a laminate component for low-cost food packaging material. Montmorillonite nanoclay was melt-mixed in an industrial grade polyamide by twin-screw extrusion and the mixture was hot-pressed to a ~50 µm thick film. The film with 10 wt.% of nanoclay loading showed a 17 % decrease in the oxygen transmission rate (OTR), as compared to the pristine polyamide film (72 and 87 cm3/m2∙24 h, respectively). Despite the relatively high loading of the filler the obtained OTR exceeds that of the food packaging preferred upper limit of 10 cm3/m2∙24 h. XRD measurements confirmed the near-complete exfoliation of the nanoclay platelets. The platelets were found to be at an average angle of 9.5 degrees relative to the film’s surface plane. To comply with the requirements for food packaging, this angle needs to be decreased down to 0.4 degrees. To achieve this, different film-making methods enabling better control over the filler particles’ orientation need to be explored. Nanoclay addition increased the films’ yield strength (23 % for 10 wt.% film) and stiffness, while not affecting the films’ optical appearance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Type on Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Films with Propolis Extract

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Karolina Stanicka ◽  
Renata Dobrucka ◽  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Anna Sip ◽  
Jerzy Majka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
High Molecular Weight Chitosan

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of chitosan type and propolis extract concentration on biological and physicochemical properties of chitosan-propolis films in terms of their applicability in food packaging. The films were prepared using three types of chitosan: from crab shells, medium and high molecular weight and propolis concentration in the range of 0.75–5.0%. The prepared polysaccharide films were tested for antimicrobial properties, oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Moreover, sorption tests and structural analysis were carried out. Microbiological tests indicated the best antimicrobial activity for the film consisting of high molecular weight chitosan and 5.0% propolis extract. Both the type of chitosan and propolis concentration affected transmission parameters—OTR and WVTR. The best barrier properties were recorded for the film composed of high molecular weight chitosan and 5.0% propolis extract. The results of sorption experiments showed a slight influence of chitosan type and a significant effect of propolis extract concentration on equilibrium moisture content of tested films. Moreover, propolis extract concentration affected monolayer water capacity (Mm) estimated using the Guggenheim, Anderson and de Boer (GAB) sorption model. The obtained results indicate that chitosan films with an addition of propolis extract are promising materials for food packaging applications, including food containing probiotic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Assessing The Suitability of New Film Laminates For Sustainable Insect Eradication By Modified Atmosphere In Museums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Elkhial ◽  
Nesrin Elhadidi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Unlimited Number

Abstract The increasing demand for applying modified inert atmosphere (MIA) systems for insect eradication in museums has led to the desire for lower-cost consumable materials, particularly laminated plastic films. An ultra-low oxygen-permeable laminate is required for creating successful MIA systems to keep the oxygen concentration lower than 0.3%, which is commercially available but at a high cost. The wide use of local laminated films for food preservation makes them a perfect target for testing and improvement for MIA applications. However, the lack of laboratory oxygen permeability test methods to gauge the potential of local laminates for inclusion in MIA applications distracts attention from looking at them as alternatives and encourages the expense on extremely expensive imported ones. Therefore, the present work investigates the potential of employing two laminates (one local and one imported) to create a successful leak-proof MIA system. A laboratory easy-to-use test method was developed to assess the oxygen-gas retention property of each laminate by measuring its oxygen permeability and consequently oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The test method is a sealed static diffusion chamber separated in the middle by a known area (cm2) of the test laminate to be tested. The test relies on measuring the concentration of oxygen in either sides of the laminate membrane within the sealed system and monitors the change over time to assess the OTR of the laminate. The specifications and design of the test chamber are adapted from the ASTM Designation: E2945 − 14, to meet the facilities of a typical artefact fumigation laboratory. The test is undertaken at standard MIA conditions (temperature of 25°C, relative humidity of 45%, and target oxygen concentration of 0.3). Results indicated that the new method is useful for an unlimited number of tests of an unlimited number of laminates. The conducted tests proved that the local laminate normally used for food packaging has superior advantages over the long-used imported ones.

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