scholarly journals Frost Avoidance: Sodium Alginate + CaCl2 Can Postpone Flowering of ‘Kawanakajima Hakuto’ Peach Trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeonju Park ◽  
Hyunsuk Shin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Maximum Expression ◽  
Green Stage

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with sodium alginate and CaCl2 treatment in the 2nd (swollen bud) blooming stage could delay peach flowers as a strategy to avoid frost. Regarding the expression rate at the 3rd (calyx green) stage, the control treatment (CT, distilled water) showed a sharp increase from 8 days after treatments (DAT), reaching the maximum at 14 DAT. However, the 5AG group (5% sodium alginate + 100 mM CaCl2) and the 7AG group (7% sodium alginate + 100 mM CaCl2) recorded the maximum expression rate at 17 DAT. After the maximum expression, CT showed a sharply diminishing trend, whereas 5AG and 7AG showed gentle decreases. At the 4th (calyx red) stage, CT, 5AG, and 7AG reached the peak expression at 20 DAT (43.5%, 31.9%, and 40.2%, respectively). However, maximum expression levels of all treatments were below ~50%. The 5th (first pink) stage was first expressed in all treatments when the expression rate at the 4th stage peaked in all groups at 20 DAT. Maximum expression was 50.7% in CT, 33.7% in 5AG, and 49.2% in 7AG. This tendency was similar to that at the 4th stage. Particularly, expression in 5AG diminished more slowly than that in CT and 7AG at 3rd, 4th, and 5th stages. CT group bloomed first at 20 DAT, reaching full bloom at 81.4%, ahead of AG treatments at 28 DAT, while 7AG and 5AG groups bloomed fully at 34 and 37 DAT, respectively. Our results suggest that 5AG treatment is suitable to delay peach flowering when phenological development of the flower buds reaches the 2nd stage.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrbeet & Al-Beiruty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.

scholarly journals Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Daniel Chamorro Darde
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

Spring frost damage to placental tissues in lowbush blueberry flower buds

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Randall ◽  
Olson and Leonard J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Spring Frosts

Closed flower buds and flowers at full bloom of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. were collected from the field and histologically examined after severe spring frosts. Prior to anthesis, blackened ovarian placentae in closed buds were the only damaged tissues evident; placental damage may interfere with both seed and fruit set. Undetected frost damaged placentae may contribute to losses in commercial yield. Key words: Vaccinium, frost damage, placenta

Acidic Growth Inhibitors From Peach Buds

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Altree-Williams ◽  
MEH Howden ◽  
JT Keegan ◽  
HDR Malcolm ◽  
SG Wyllie
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Resolution Mass

Plant growth inhibitors identified in acidic extracts of flower buds from mature peach trees were p-coumaric acid, feruIic acid, an isomeric hydroxymethoxycinnamic acid, a dihydroxycinnamic acid having the properties of 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and benzoic acid. The inhibitors were isolated by preparative gas-liquid chromatography, tested for growth activity on the wheat coleoptile straight-growth bioassay, and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Hand-held mechanical device improves thinning efficiency of peach trees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1519-1524
Author(s):  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
Marcos Antônio Giovanaz ◽  
Bruno Carra ◽  
Everton Sozo de Abreu ◽  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Work Economy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical-manual thinning (MmT) at different developmental stages in the thinning efficiency and productive performance of ‘Sensação’ peach trees. The experiment was performed during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, in a commercial orchard located in Morro Redondo (RS), Brazil. Plant material consisted of 7-year-old peach trees grafted on Capdeboscq rootstock and trained as an open-vase system. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design, with five three-trees replications. In order to reduce the effect of personal experience, the treatments and measurements were applied by the same person in a set of replications throughout the experiment. Treatments consisted of: control I [without thinning (WT)]; control II [hand thinning (HT) 40 days after full bloom (40 DAFB)]; MmT at full bloom (FB): 50% of open flowers; MmT at the end of bloom (EB): 80-100% of open flowers; MmT at petal fall (PF); and MmT at the green fruit (GF) stage (fruit with ~1 cm of diameter). The MmT was performed using a hand-held portable device. The parameters assessed were: percentage of thinning, fruit set, thinning time, work economy, production per tree, fruit mass, estimated yield and fruit size distribution. The use of the MmT at the stages tested reduces thinning time of ‘Sensação’ peach trees, resulting in labor saving, as well as increases the percentage of fruit in category (CAT) 1. The MmT when performed at GF results in a higher percentage of thinning. The treatment MmT at FB increases the average fruit mass.

scholarly journals EDIBLE COATING MINYAK ATSIRI KEMANGI (OCIMUM BASILICUM) PADA FILLET IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Selly Fidia Agustin ◽  
Ardhea Mustika Sari ◽  
Lia Umi Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
T Test ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAK Fillet merupakan produk perikanan yang mudah mengalami kerusakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik minyak atsiri kemangi, dan edible film alginat dengan penambahan minyak atsiri kemangi, serta kemunduran mutu fillet ikan nila dengan aplikasi edible coating minyak atsiri kemangi selama penyimpanan dingin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi minyak atsiri kemangi 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5% pada suhu 4ºC. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan DMRT pada α 0,05 serta paired t-test pada α 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi minyak atsiri kemangi dapat diketahui rendemen minyak atsiri kemangi sebesar 0,4%, berat jenis 0,853 g/cm3, viskositas 0,002 N.m/s2 dan terdapat 38 senyawa aktif. Minyak atsiri kemangi memiliki diameter hambat bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa antara 5,667–18.350 mm. Edible film natrium alginat dengan penambahan minyak atsiri kemangi 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5% memiliki nilai Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) sebesar 4,385–5,254 g/jam m2, kuat tarik 2,718–2,788 MPa, dan ketebalan 0,05–0,105 mm. Edible coating dilakukan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri kemangi 0% dan 1,5%. Coating fillet ikan nila dilakukan dengan metode dipping selama 1–2 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan edible coating minyak atsiri kemangi berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter TPC, TVB, dan TBA akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH. Kata kunci: Edible Coating; Kemangi; Minyak Atsiri; Penyimpanan Dingin ABSTRACT Fillet is perishable fishery product. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of basil essential oil (EO) and sodium alginate (SA) edible film with the addition of basil EO, and deterioration of tilapia fillet with the application of basil EO edible coating during cold storage. Complete Randomized Design with one factor, concentration of basil EO 0,5%, 1%, and 1,5% stored in 4 ºC was used in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA and continued with DMRT and paired t-test at α=0,05. Based on the charactierization of basil EO, the yield of basil EO was 0,4%, specific gravimetry was 0,853 g/m3, viscosity was 0,002 N.m/s2 and contained 38 active compounds. Basil EO has inhibitory diameters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 5,667–18,350 mm. SA edible film with the addition of 0,5%, 1%, and 1,5% basil EO has a WVTR value of 4,385–5,254 g/hour m2, tensile strength of 2,718–2,788 MPa, and thickness of 0,05–0,105 mm. Application of edible coating to tilapia fillet was carry on by adding 1,5% basil EO and without adding basil EO as a control. Tilapia fillet coating was done using dipping method for 1–2 minutes. The result showed the use of basil EO significantly affected the TPC, TVB, and TBA but didn’t significantly affected the pH. The use of edible coating with addition of 1,5% basil EO exceeds the acceptance limit on the 9th day storage meanwhile the control treatment has exceeded the acceptance limit on the 6th day storage based on TVB value. Keywords: Microbiological damage; Oxidative Damage, Sodium Alginate

scholarly journals Hydrogen Cyanamide Stimulates Early Foliation of `Misty' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 537C-537
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Chilling Treatment

Two-year-old, container-grown `Misty' southern highbush blueberry plants were sprayed to drip with two concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HCN) (20.4 g·L–1 and 10.2 g·L–1) after exposure to 0, 150, or 300 hr of continuous chilling at 5.6°C. All plants were sprayed immediately after chilling and placed in a greenhouse for several weeks. The plants were moved outdoors during flowering to increase cross-pollination from nearby `Sharpblue' blueberry plants. HCN sprays killed some of the more advanced flower buds on shoot terminals and on small-diameter wood from the previous spring growth flush. Significantly greater flower bud mortality occurred for the 20.4 g·L–1 HCN sprays than for the 10.2 g·L–1 sprays. Flower buds subjected to 0 hr of chilling were more susceptible to spray burn than flower buds receiving 150 or 300 hr of chilling. Very little flower bud death occurred with the 10.2 g·L–1 HCN rate on plants receiving 300 hr of chilling. Vegetative budbreak was advanced for both HCN treatments compared to controls, regardless of chilling treatment. HCN-treated plants were heavily foliated at full bloom, while non-treated plants had very few to no leaves during bloom. HCN may be useful for stimulating vegetative growth in some southern highbush blueberry cultivars that suffer from poor foliation during flowering and fruit set.

scholarly journals Improving The Antioxidant Activity of Sodium Alginate from Sargassum sp. by Thermal Heating and Chemical Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Mila Safitri Rizfa ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Diah Permata Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharides

The relationship between molecular structure and bioactivity was evaluated for sodium alginates obtained under different degradation treatment (raw alginates, heat-treated, and chemical-treated) from Sargassum sp. This study was conducted to identify the antioxidant activities of the degraded sodium alginate from Sargassum sp. compared to raw extract. Raw alginate as the control treatment was dried overnight at 60 °C, while heat-treated was heated raw alginate at 140oC in a laboratory oven (4.5 hours). Two chemical-treated were applied. Raw alginate added hydrogen peroxide and raw alginat with hydrogen peroxide plus ascorbic acid. This treatments were replicated three times. All the parameters were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The spectroscopy results from the degradation methods showed a new absorbance spectra pattern. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that treatment affects the structure of the alginates. Heat treated and chemical treated sodium alginates showed non significantly different on DPPH radical scavenging activity. Meanwhile, the combination of alginate and hydrogen peroxide treatment was at the lowest scavenging ability. Therefore, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) produced by heating or adding chemical reagents could be considered as a stronger antioxidant than raw alginate, which may be applied in the industry and biomedical

scholarly journals Water Stress Alter Leaf Hydric Status and Flower Bud Development in Apricot cv. “Royal”

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
H. Ramírez ◽  
A. I. Melendres- Alvarez ◽  
A. Zermeño- González ◽  
D. Jasso- Cantú ◽  
J. A. Villarreal- Quintanilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Aims: The apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), is a drought-sensitive deciduous fruit. This concept arises from the fact that soil moisture stress can: Decrease the number and quality of flower buds differentiated; delay the time of flower differentiation and decrease the number of flower buds per shoot. The objectives of this investigation were to determine: The extent to which drought influences water status in the leaves; its effect on flower buds development and on bloom in apricot cv. “Royal”. Study Design: Trees were divided into 6 groups of six replicate each under a random block design. Results were analyzed using the statistical program 'RStudio' for Windows version 10 and data obtained subjected to a comparison of means with the Tukey (P≤0.05) test. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture in Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico, during 2018-2019. Methodology: Seven-year-old apricot trees growing in containers were subjected to a 4 to 5week period of water stress at different times during the growing season. Leaf water potential was periodically measured and flower bud development was followed from early differentiation up to full bloom. Results: Leaf water potential in water stressed trees was constantly low. Water stress early in the season induced a delay in bud development during late summer and fall. Water stress late in the season did not appreciably affect the rate of bud development. Full bloom was delayed when water stress was applied in late summer and fall. Water stress at flower bud initiation and differentiation, together with high temperatures, may have induced flowers with double pistils. Water stress from April through October did not induce flower drop. Conclusion: Soil water stress severely affect leaf water potential; delays flower bud development and may induce flowers with double pistils without flower drop.

Impact of treatment with praziquantel, silymarin and/or β-glucan on pathophysiological markers of liver damage and fibrosis in mice infected with Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda) tetrathyridia

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Velebný ◽  
G. Hrčkova ◽  
G. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Emulsion Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mesocestoides Vogae

AbstractMesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia infection in mice causes hepatocyte injury, hepatic granulomatous inflammmation, liver fibrosis and chronic peritonitis manifested with portal hypertension. To reduce the detrimental effect of parasites on the host liver, the effect of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel (PZQ) in combination with natural products silymarin (an antioxidant) and β-glucan (an immunomodulator) was investigated. The therapeutic effect of drugs was assessed by means of aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) activities, content of albumin, total proteins and hyaluronic acid (HA) in sera of ICR mice infected with M. vogae larvae. Animals were treated with PZQ suspended in oil emulsion (Group 1), PZQ combined with silymarin incorporated into lipid microspheres (LMS) (Group 2), PZQ combined with β-glucan incorporated into liposomes (LG) (Group 3), PZQ co-administered with LMS and LG (Group 4). Untreated animals (Group 5) served as the control. Treatment of animals started at the early chronic phase of infection (day 14 p.i.) and lasted 10 days; serum samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 25, 28, 31, 35 and 45 p.i. ALT and AST activities were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Groups 2, 3 and 4. HA content was significantly (P < 0.05 and 0.01) lower in Groups 2 and 4. Albumin levels were decreased in Groups 2 and 4, total protein concentration decreased in Groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.05 and 0.01). These results showed that combined treatment of PZQ with silymarin and/or β-glucan was able to ameliorate or suppress fibrogenesis in the liver, protect liver cells from oxidative damage and, possibly, stimulate regeneration of the parenchyma.

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