scholarly journals Investigating the Feasibility of Implementing a Cloud Seeding Project in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, South East of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Arman Hashemi Monfared ◽  
Samaneh Poormohammadi ◽  
Mehran Fatemi ◽  
Faezeh Rasaei ◽  
Mahmood Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Synoptic Station ◽  
The Status ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Sistan And Baluchestan

Abstract The water shortage is a challenge in many countries around the world. Today, the latest scientific and practical technologies are used to solve the problem of water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions. The optimal use of water resources as well as the use of novel methods of water extraction plays a significant role in alleviating the effects of this crisis. One of the methods used for increasing rainfall and water harvesting from the atmosphere is cloud seeding technology. The first step of this technique involves studying the target area and selecting the appropriate time and place for cloud seeding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of cloud seeding in Sistan and Baluchestan province, south east of Iran, for rainmaking. Therefore, using the parameters of precipitation, minimum temperature, relative humidity and cloudy parameter, the status and feasibility for rainmaking in the province were evaluated and suitable months for cloud seeding were determined. Accordingly, December, January, February and March were found to provide suitable conditions for seeding. In order to select suitable places for cloud seeding, zoning maps of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity in selected months as well as the topographic map of the province were prepared by GIS After fuzzyization and integration of these maps, the zoning map of suitable areas for cloud seeding in Sistan and Baluchestan province was drawn to select the most susceptible areas. The area surrounding Khash synoptic station and the southern areas of the province were found to be suitable for cloud seeding.

scholarly journals The UAE Cloud Seeding Program: A Statistical and Physical Evaluation

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Taha Al Hosari ◽  
Abdulla Al Mandous ◽  
Youssef Wehbe ◽  
Abdeltawab Shalaby ◽  
Noor Al Shamsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Change Point Detection ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Significant Change

Operational cloud seeding programs have been increasingly deployed in several countries to augment natural rainfall amounts, particularly over water-scarce and arid regions. However, evaluating operational programs by quantifying seeding impacts remains a challenging task subject to complex uncertainties. In this study, we investigate seeding impacts using both long-term rain gauge records and event-based weather radar retrievals within the framework of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) National Center of Meteorology’s operational cloud seeding program. First, seasonal rain gauge records are inter-compared between unseeded (1981–2002) and seeded (2003–2019) periods, after which a posteriori target/control regression is developed to decouple natural and seeded rainfall time series. Next, trend analyses and change point detection are carried out over the July-October seeding periods using the modified Mann-Kendall (mMK) test and the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) method, respectively. Results indicate an average increase of 23% in annual surface rainfall over the seeded target area, along with statistically significant change points detected during 2011 with decreasing/increasing rainfall trends for pre-/post-change point periods, respectively. Alternatively, rain gauge records over the control (non-seeded) area show non-significant change points. In line with the gauge-based statistical findings, a physical analysis using an archive of seeded (65) and unseeded (87) storms shows enhancements in radar-based storm properties within 15–25 min of seeding. The largest increases are recorded in storm volume (159%), area cover (72%), and lifetime (65%). The work provides new insights for assessing long-term seeding impacts and has significant implications for policy- and decision-making related to cloud seeding research and operational programs in arid regions.

scholarly journals Status of NICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kekelidze ◽  
Alexander Kovalenko ◽  
Richard Lednicky ◽  
Victor Matveev ◽  
Igor Meshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Polarized Protons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Under Construction

The NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is the new international research facility under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. The main targets of the facility are the following: 1) study of hot and dense baryonic matter at the energy range of the maximum baryonic density; 2) investigation of nucleon spin structure and polarization phenomena; 3) development of JINR accelerator facility for high energy physics research based on the new collider of relativistic ions from protons to gold and polarized protons and deuterons as well with the maximum collision energy of sqrt(sNN) ~11GeV (Au79+ +Au79+) and ~ 27 GeV (p+p). Two collider detector setups MPD and SPD are foreseen. The setup BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is commissioned for data taken at the existing Nuclotron beam fixed target area. The MPD construction is in progress whereas the SPD is still at the beginning design stage. An average luminosity of the collider is expected at the level of 1027 cm-2 s-1 for Au (79+) and 1032 cm-2 s-1 for polarized protons at 27 GeV. The status of NICA design and construction work is briefly described below.

scholarly journals Charged Particle (Negative Ion)-Based Cloud Seeding and Rain Enhancement Trial Design and Implementation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Fengming Xue ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Qiqi Wu ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Weather Modification ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Hygroscopic Salts

China has been suffering from water shortage for a long time. Weather modification and rainfall enhancement via cloud seeding has been proved to be effective to alleviate the problem. Current cloud seeding methods mostly rely on solid carbon dioxide and chemicals such as silver iodide and hygroscopic salts, which may have negative impacts on the environment and are expensive to operate. Lab experiments have proved the efficiency of ion-based cloud seeding compared with traditional methods. Moreover, it is also more environmentally friendly and more economical to operate at a large scale. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a field experiment to further investigate the characteristics and feasibility of the method. This paper provides the design and implementation of the ion-based cloud seeding and rain enhancement trial currently running in Northwest China. It introduces the basic principle of the trial and the devices developed for it, as well as the installation of the bases and the evaluation method design for the trial.

scholarly journals Status of the NICA project at JINR

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kovalenko ◽  
Vladimir Kekelidze ◽  
Richard Lednicky ◽  
Viktor Matveev ◽  
Igor Meshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Polarized Protons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Under Construction

The NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is the new international research facility under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. The main targets of the facility are the following: 1) study of hot and dense baryonic matter at the energy range of the maximum baryonic density; 2) investigation of nucleon spin structure and polarization phenomena; 3) development of JINR accelerator facility for high energy physics research based on the new collider of relativistic ions from protons to gold and polarized protons and deuterons as well with the maximum collision energy of √SNN ~11GeV (Au79+ +Au79+) and ~ 27 GeV (p+p). Two collider detector setups MPD and SPD are foreseen. The setup BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is commissioned for data taken at the existing Nuclotron beam fixed target area. The MPD construction is in progress whereas the SPD is still at the beginning design stage. An average luminosity of the collider is expected at the level of 1027 cm-2 s-1 for Au79+ and 1032 cm-2 s-1 for polarized protons at 27 GeV. The status of NICA design and construction work is briefly described below.

scholarly journals Quantifying snowfall from orographic cloud seeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5190-5195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Friedrich ◽  
Kyoko Ikeda ◽  
Sarah A. Tessendorf ◽  
Jeffrey R. French ◽  
Robert M. Rauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Cloud Systems ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Orographic Cloud ◽  
Precipitation Gauge

Climate change and population growth have increased demand for water in arid regions. For over half a century, cloud seeding has been evaluated as a technology to increase water supply; statistical approaches have compared seeded to nonseeded events through precipitation gauge analyses. Here, a physically based approach to quantify snowfall from cloud seeding in mountain cloud systems is presented. Areas of precipitation unambiguously attributed to cloud seeding are isolated from natural precipitation (<1 mm h−1). Spatial and temporal evolution of precipitation generated by cloud seeding is then quantified using radar observations and snow gauge measurements. This study uses the approach of combining radar technology and precipitation gauge measurements to quantify the spatial and temporal evolution of snowfall generated from glaciogenic cloud seeding of winter mountain cloud systems and its spatial and temporal evolution. The results represent a critical step toward quantifying cloud seeding impact. For the cases presented, precipitation gauges measured increases between 0.05 and 0.3 mm as precipitation generated by cloud seeding passed over the instruments. The total amount of water generated by cloud seeding ranged from 1.2 × 105 m3 (100 ac ft) for 20 min of cloud seeding, 2.4 × 105 m3 (196 ac ft) for 86 min of seeding to 3.4 x 105 m3 (275 ac ft) for 24 min of cloud seeding.

Metaphors in banking

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Svyatoslav Y. Spirchagov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
Terminology System

Contemporary theory of metaphor highlights its cognitive nature as opposed to traditional view of metaphor as rather a trope. We address the status and significance of conceptual metaphors in English banking terminology. A large-scale corpus analysis of English banking discourse (1888728 words) is conducted to determine how this trope is used. The application of a cognitive approach to a banking discourse has led to identification of metaphoric structures characterizing banking discourse. We confirm the use of terminology system corpus for (organic, mechanical, military, liquid, sports) metaphor models. We prove that banking discourse is highly metaphoric and borrows metaphors from multiple terminological domains. We establish the evolution of certain metaphors. We define the connections between concept areas of cognitive maps. We also prove that not all semes are transferred from the source to the target area, which confirms the connection at the conceptual level. Special attention is paid to the nexus of banking institution and social and political aspects of national cultures. This in turn allows to substantiate and test the theory of conceptual metaphor, and also served as means for a detailed study of conceptual metaphors as a culturally determined phenomenon in language. Given that metaphor is a dynamic cognitive mechanism, we detect diverse ways of metaphorization.

In vitro experiments reconstituting topographic map formation

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gebhardt ◽  
F. Weth ◽  
M. Bastmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Contact Printing ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Functional Components

AbstractTopographic axonal projections are a prev­alent feature of brain connectivity. The ret­inotectal mapping of the chick is the best-studied model system of this type of neuro­nal connectivity. Its formation is common­ly explained by interactions between grad­ed markers of the ephrin-A/EphA family ex­pressed on both retinal ganglion cell growth cones and on the tectal target area. Surpris­ingly, most insights into retinotectal devel­opment have been gathered through in vitro rather than in vivo experiments. In vitro as­says not only enabled the biochemical iden­tification of the postulated molecular mark­ers but also helped to understand the signals conveyed by them. Thus, it was established in vitro that forward (ephrin-A->EphA) as well as reverse signalling (EphA->ephrin-A) are si­multaneously needed for topographically ap­propriate guidance of retinal axons. However, no in vitro assay yet exists that fully reproduc­es topography formation. New in vitro tech­niques such as micro-contact printing or mi­cro-fluidic networks may help to improve ex­istent assays and to identify a sufficient set of functional components that reconstitutes to­pography formation.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pemantau Suhu dan Kelembaban Udara Berbasis Nuvoton NUC140VE3CN dan Sensor HTU21D

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Jaenal Arifin ◽  
Arief Hendra Saptadi ◽  
Relesa Anggita Permata T. W
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Processing Application ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Monitoring Application

The parameter of temperature and relative humidity have an important role in the growth and development of horticultural crops. Based on this, monitoring application is designed to use personal computer (PC) as a data viewer of the measurement results. Hence, it allows users to observe these parameters with ease. In this study, Nuvoton NUC140VE3CN performs data processing of temperature and relative humidity from HTU21D sensor, after which the data will be displayed on 128x64 Black Dot Matrix LCD and they are also sent to the PC through serial communication (via FTDI232RL module). These data will be received by user's PC serial port, and be displayed by the Processing application that has been created. From the performed tests, the application had been able to display temperature, relative humidity, time, the status of temperature and relative humidity appropriately as planned. The application is capable to record data and save them in a CSV-formatted file. The status of temperature and relative humidity had been able to indicate optimal or non-optimal condition. The test for measurement accuracy was performed by comparing the readings from HTU21D sensor to referenced analog Thermo-hygrometer. The average temperature obtained from HTU21D sensor is 25.1ºC, while  Thermo-hygrometer results in 25º C. The measurement differences between them are 0.5ºC with average error of 2%. For average relative humidity, the result obtained from HTU21D sensor is 72.1% and it is 65.4% from Thermo-hygrometer . The differences between them are 6.8 % with average error of 10%.

scholarly journals PROMOTING AWARENESS OF WATER CONSERVATION IN THE LANDSCAPE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117d-1117
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Shuping ◽  
Jeffrey D. Zahner
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Landscape Water

Water conservation is making journal headlines nationwide because of drought, contamination, pollution, and over development. While the idea of xeriscaping began in the Western United States where landscapes can be truly dry, many water-saving principles apply to the Southeast, where home moisture problems and pest problems associated with moisture are a major problem. A year of drought maybe followed by three years of plentiful rainfall, and conditions are significantly different from the semi-arid regions of the country to which most of the present literature on water conservation is directed.The purpose of this project was to provide information on water conservation to designers, landscape industry personnel, and homeowners in the Southeast. This was done by compiling recommendations based on research being conducted by professionals in building science, forestry, horticulture, entomology and landscape architecture.An educational tool addressing the pressing national problem of water conservation with a regional emphasis, this project was designed to help readers increase landscape water efficiency by 30 to 50% while lowering maintenance costs and insuring greater survivability of landscape plants in times of water shortage. Through careful planning and design, economically attractive and aesthetically sound water conserving landscapes can be created.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document