scholarly journals Short-wavelength Reverberant Wave Systems for Enhanced Reservoir Computing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukai Ma ◽  
Thomas Antonsen ◽  
Steven Anlage ◽  
Edward Ott
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Reservoir Computing ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Microwave Regime ◽  
Wave Sensitivity

Abstract Machine learning (ML) has found widespread application over a broad range of important tasks. To enhance ML performance, researchers have investigated computational architectures whose physical implementations promise compactness, high-speed execution, physical robustness, and low energy cost. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an approach that uses the high sensitivity of reverberant short wavelength waves for physical realization and enhancement of computational power of a type of ML known as reservoir computing (RC). The potential computation power of RC systems increases with their effective size. We here exploit the intrinsic property of short wavelength reverberant wave sensitivity to perturbations to expand the effective size of the RC system by means of spatial and spectral perturbations. Working in the microwave regime, this scheme is tested on different ML tasks. Our results indicate the general applicability of reverberant wave-based implementations of RC and of our effective reservoir size expansion techniques.

Rapid Online Buffer Exchange: A Method for Screening of Proteins, Protein Complexes, and Cell Lysates by Native Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary VanAernum ◽  
Florian Busch ◽  
Benjamin J. Jones ◽  
Mengxuan Jia ◽  
Zibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Native Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Cell Lysates ◽  
Protein Expression And Purification

It is important to assess the identity and purity of proteins and protein complexes during and after protein purification to ensure that samples are of sufficient quality for further biochemical and structural characterization, as well as for use in consumer products, chemical processes, and therapeutics. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has become an important tool in protein analysis due to its ability to retain non-covalent interactions during measurements, making it possible to obtain protein structural information with high sensitivity and at high speed. Interferences from the presence of non-volatiles are typically alleviated by offline buffer exchange, which is timeconsuming and difficult to automate. We provide a protocol for rapid online buffer exchange (OBE) nMS to directly screen structural features of pre-purified proteins, protein complexes, or clarified cell lysates. Information obtained by OBE nMS can be used for fast (<5 min) quality control and can further guide protein expression and purification optimization.

THE QNDE USING IMAGE PROCESSING OF THE MAGNETIC CAMERA

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4625-4630 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINYI LEE ◽  
JISEONG HWANG ◽  
SEHO CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Crack Volume ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Magnetic Camera ◽  
Derivatives Of

A scan type magnetic camera was proposed to satisfy the following demands: to obtain high speed quantitative magnetic flux leakage (MFL) distribution with homogeneous lift-off by using 2-dimensionally arrayed high sensitivity magnetic sensors; to concentrate the MFL; and to ignore the residual magnetization and magnetic hysteresis by using a magnetic fluid lens. The magnetic field distribution (MFD) image obtained by using the scan type magnetic camera is inclined to the scanning direction (x-direction) because of the poles of the magnetizer. Also, the image shows a homogeneous trend relative to the x-direction, but there are small waves in the distribution in the sensor arraying direction (y-direction). The crack information in the MFD image can be extracted using image processing. The first and second derivatives of both x and y are used in this processing. These are "1st derivative of x, ∂B/∂x", "1st derivative of y, ∂B/∂y", "2nd derivative of x, ∂2B/∂x2", "2nd derivative of y, ∂2B/∂y2", and "2nd derivative of x and y, ∂2B/∂x∂y". The ∂B/∂x distribution shows the existence of the crack. Also, the crack volume can be evaluated quantitatively, regardless of the crack direction, by using ∂B/∂x and a cross type magnetic coil.

High-speed high-sensitivity low power photodetector with electron and hole charge plasma

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Nabet ◽  
Pouya Dianat ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Amro Anwar Seddik ◽  
Francisco Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Charge Plasma ◽  
Hole Charge

Si Photonics Deployment Using Cu Pillar Interconnect and Chip On Wafer Platform

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001663-001681
Author(s):  
Miguel Jimarez
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Silicon Photonics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Clock Recovery ◽  
Wafer Scale ◽  
Si Photonics ◽  
Cu Pillar ◽  
Fine Pitch

We introduce a high-speed 4x25Gbps, MSA-compliant, QSFP transceiver built on a Silicon Photonics platform. The transceiver integrates high sensitivity receivers, CTLE, clock recovery, modulator drivers and BIST on a TSMC 28nm die connected to the photonic die thru a fine pitch (50um) Copper Pillar interface. A wafer-scale approach, Chip on Wafer, CoW, is used to assemble the electronic die and the light source on to the photonic die, so that the full optical path can be tested, at speed, in loopback configuration in wafer form, using a standard ATE solution. This presentation focuses on the CoW assembly development aspects of the transceiver. Wafer probe and bump, die processing services, CoW assembly and Back End of Line, BEOL, Test Services will be presented.

scholarly journals Direct-RT-qPCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 without RNA Extraction as Part of a COVID-19 Testing Strategy: From Sample to Result in One Hour

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kriegova ◽  
Regina Fillerova ◽  
Petr Kvapil
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Heat Inactivation

Due to the lack of protective immunity in the general population and the absence of effective antivirals and vaccines, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues in some countries, with local epicentres emerging in others. Due to the great demand for effective COVID-19 testing programmes to control the spread of the disease, we have suggested such a testing programme that includes a rapid RT-qPCR approach without RNA extraction. The Direct-One-Step-RT-qPCR (DIOS-RT-qPCR) assay detects severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than one hour while maintaining the high sensitivity and specificity required of diagnostic tools. This optimised protocol allows for the direct use of swab transfer media (14 μL) without the need for RNA extraction, achieving comparable sensitivity to the standard method that requires the time-consuming and costly step of RNA isolation. The limit of detection for DIOS-RT-qPCR was lower than seven copies/reaction, which translates to 550 virus copies/mL of swab. The speed, ease of use and low price of this assay make it suitable for high-throughput screening programmes. The use of fast enzymes allows RT-qPCR to be performed under standard laboratory conditions within one hour, making it a potential point-of-care solution on high-speed cycling instruments. This protocol also implements the heat inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (75 °C for 10 min), which renders samples non-infectious, enabling testing in BSL-2 facilities. Moreover, we discuss the critical steps involved in developing tests for the rapid detection of COVID-19. Implementing rapid, easy, cost-effective methods can help control the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals In Situ Rubber-Wheel Contact on Road Surface Using Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8804
Author(s):  
Jhonni Rahman ◽  
Yutaka Shoukaku ◽  
Tomoaki Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
On The Road

This study examines the relationship between rubber-wheel and the contact area on the road surface. Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence microscopy was used to observe and measure the contact parts with pyranine as a dye solution. The high sensitivity to U.V. light makes it easy to distinguish contact and non-contact regions on a very small scale. The experiment was conducted in static and dynamic conditions to identify its influence on the apparent contact area of rubber-wheel and road surface. The in-situ observation of the contact area was captured and recorded using a high-speed digital camera with 1-inch a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) sensor. Additionally, the contact area between rubber-wheel and road surface was measured using an analyzing software. The results show differences in static and dynamic contact conditions based on the operating parameters.

scholarly journals High-speed Analysis of Large Sample Sets – How Can This Key Aspect of the Omics Be Achieved?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760-1766
Author(s):  
Rainer Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Sample Introduction ◽  
New Developments ◽  
High Performing ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Ionization Methods ◽  
Line Sample

High-speed analysis of large (prote)omics sample sets at the rate of thousands or millions of samples per day on a single platform has been a challenge since the beginning of proteomics. For many years, ESI-based MS methods have dominated proteomics because of their high sensitivity and great depth in analyzing complex proteomes. However, despite improvements in speed, ESI-based MS methods are fundamentally limited by their sample introduction, which excludes off-line sample preparation/fractionation because of the time required to switch between individual samples/sample fractions, and therefore being dependent on the speed of on-line sample preparation methods such as liquid chromatography. Laser-based ionization methods have the advantage of moving from one sample to the next without these limitations, being mainly restricted by the speed of modern sample stages, i.e. 10 ms or less between samples. This speed matches the data acquisition speed of modern high-performing mass spectrometers whereas the pulse repetition rate of the lasers (>1 kHz) provides a sufficient number of desorption/ionization events for successful ion signal detection from each sample at the above speed of the sample stages. Other advantages of laser-based ionization methods include the generally higher tolerance to sample additives and contamination compared with ESI MS, and the contact-less and pulsed nature of the laser used for desorption, reducing the risk of cross-contamination. Furthermore, new developments in MALDI have expanded its analytical capabilities, now being able to fully exploit high-performing hybrid mass analyzers and their strengths in sensitivity and MS/MS analysis by generating an ESI-like stable yield of multiply charged analyte ions. Thus, these new developments and the intrinsically high speed of laser-based methods now provide a good basis for tackling extreme sample analysis speed in the omics.

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