Establishment of a Rapid Breeding System for Bletilla Striata

Abstract BackgroundBletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f., a species of perennial herb of orchidaceae has remarkable effects and high economic value; thus it has been intensively studied by many scholars. Although this herb has numerous seeds, the germination rate is exceptionally low, which leads to decreased of germplasm resources and increased market demands year by year. ResultsWith the aim of addressing this issue, the present study included the aseptic germination system and the direct seeding technology system. On the basis of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg/L naphthylacetic acid (NAA) were added prior to seed germination, 70 g/L banana juice and 0.5 mg/L NAA were added when rooting, after which the seedlings were transplanted into a mixed substrate of humus, river sand and bark (3:1:1). The direct seeding system consists of a seedling base and substrate treatment, sowing and seedling raising, seedling growth and transplanting, etc. Turfy soil, huangjiang residue and river sand were selected as the substrate. The results revealed that the germination rate was increased to 91.8%, while the plantlet regeneration was increased to 82.0%. Following 180 days of cultivation, the plants could be transplanted as finished seedlings.ConclusionsThe establishment of this B. striata seedling system provides a safe, rapid, reliable production technology route for its industrial development.

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Establishment of a Rapid Breeding System for Bletilla striata

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15598-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ze-yuan Mi ◽

Ding-hao Lv ◽

Guang-hui Jiang ◽

Jun-feng Niu ◽

Shi-qiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Economic Value ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Market Demand ◽

River Sand ◽

Bletilla Striata ◽

Technology System

Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f., a species of perennial herb of orchidaceae that has remarkable effects and high economic value, has been intensively studied by many scholars. Although this herb has many seeds, the germination rate is exceptionally low, which leads to decreased germplasm resources and increased market demand every year. To solve this problem, this study examined the aseptic germination system and the direct seeding technology system. On Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg/L naphthylacetic acid (NAA) were added before seed germination, and 70 g/L banana juice and 0.5 mg/L NAA were added when rooting. Then, the seedlings were transplanted to a mixed substrate of humus, river sand, and bark (volume ratio of 3:1:1). The direct seeding system consists of substrate treatment, sowing, seedling raising, seedling growth, and transplanting. Turfy soil, Huangjiang residue, and river sand were selected as the substrate. The results revealed that the germination rate was increased to 91.8%, whereas the plantlet regeneration was increased to 82.0%. After 180 days of cultivation, the plants could be transplanted as finished seedlings. The establishment of B. striata seedling system provides a safe, rapid, reliable production technology route for industrial development.

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Jujube Phenology, Pollen Germination, and Two Unique Germplasm Resources in New Mexico

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12512-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shengrui Yao

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Mexico ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Germplasm Resources ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Science Center ◽

Genomic Study ◽

Wide Range

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) originated in China and grows well in a wide range of areas in the United States, especially the southwest. New Mexico State University’s Sustainable Agriculture Science Center has imported and collected over 50 jujube cultivars and conducted a series of jujube-related research projects. In this study, jujube phenology and pollen germination in New Mexico were investigated and two unique germplasm resources were reported. Jujubes leafed out 4–8 weeks later than most pome and stone fruits and bloomed 2–3 months later than apricots, peaches, and apples. It can avoid late frosts in most years in northern New Mexico and, thus, produce a crop more reliably than traditional fruit crops in the region. For the 48 cultivars tested for pollen germination, the germination rates ranged from 0% to 75% depending on the cultivar and year. ‘September Late’ had the highest pollen germination rate each year among all cultivars tested from 2012 to 2014, whereas ‘GA866’, ‘Maya’, and ‘Sherwood’ had the lowest. ‘Zaocuiwang’ was the first reported male-sterile jujube cultivar in the United States, and this character was consistent from year to year and, thus, it would be a valuable cultivar for jujube breeding. Cultivar Yu had pseudo-flowers which never bloomed or set fruit. It would be a useful germplasm as special landscape trees or for genomic study of jujube flowering-related genes.

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Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae) Seed Coat Restricts the Invasion of Fungal Hyphae at the Initial Stage of Fungal Colonization

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8080280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chihiro Miura ◽

Miharu Saisho ◽

Takahiro Yagame ◽

Masahide Yamato ◽

Hironori Kaminaka

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Bletilla Striata ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Fungal Hyphae ◽

Symbiotic Fungi ◽

Fungal Associates

Orchids produce minute seeds that contain limited or no endosperm, and they must form an association with symbiotic fungi to obtain nutrients during germination and subsequent seedling growth under natural conditions. Orchids need to select an appropriate fungus among diverse soil fungi at the germination stage. However, there is limited understanding of the process by which orchids recruit fungal associates and initiate the symbiotic interaction. This study aimed to better understand this process by focusing on the seed coat, the first point of fungal attachment. Bletilla striata seeds, some with the seed coat removed, were prepared and sown with symbiotic fungi or with pathogenic fungi. The seed coat-stripped seeds inoculated with the symbiotic fungi showed a lower germination rate than the intact seeds, and proliferated fungal hyphae were observed inside and around the stripped seeds. Inoculation with the pathogenic fungi increased the infection rate in the seed coat-stripped seeds. The pathogenic fungal hyphae were arrested at the suspensor side of the intact seeds, whereas the seed coat-stripped seeds were subjected to severe infestation. These results suggest that the seed coat restricts the invasion of fungal hyphae and protects the embryo against the attack of non-symbiotic fungi.

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PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS IN GENDERED HISTORIES OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR IN BURSA AND BOMBAY 1850–1910

The Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0018246x16000340 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 443-470

Author(s):

HATICE YILDIZ

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Ottoman Empire ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Economic Value ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Class Politics ◽

Local Markets ◽

Time Processing ◽

Textile Manufacturing ◽

New Meanings

AbstractTextile manufacturing in India and the Ottoman Empire transformed fundamentally in the nineteenth century, when mass-produced goods imported from Europe permeated local markets. Faced with increasing competition from abroad, local producers changed their techniques, materials, designs, and target customers. At the same time, processing industries emerged in places with intense mercantile activity, introducing new meanings, relations, and patterns of work. This article investigates the role played by gender in the shaping of labour markets and class politics in two export-oriented industries that developed simultaneously: the silk-reeling industry in Bursa and the cotton-spinning industry in Bombay. It shows that the secondary economic value attributed to women's work, combined with rural connections of workers, brought down wages and subsidized capitalist profits in both sectors. Within the emerging industrial workforce, ideas about appropriate roles for women and men provided the vocabulary and constituted boundaries of class politics. Bringing gender into the debate of industrial development and class, the article reveals parallels and contrasts in two non-European settings that are rarely compared in the existing historiographies.

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Re-establishing the endangered grassland herb Trioncinia retroflexa (Asteraceae)

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc050128 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

R. J. Fensham ◽

R. J. Fairfax

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Seasonal Rainfall ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Wet Season ◽

Small Areas ◽

Topographic Position ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Established Population

The endangered perennial herb Trioncinia retroflexa was re-established within suitable grassland habitat in central Queensland. The trial included direct seeding and transplanting nursery-grown seedlings during the wet season. Successful establishment may be contingent on moist surface soils at the time of planting and the maintenance of this moisture by adequate follow-up rain in the month after planting. Five years after planting there were a total of 22 mature plants and eight infertile plants within two small areas of the re-establishment trial. The established plants are now reproducing and several generations of seedlings have become established. Topographic position (ridges or swales) and post-planting fires had no significant effect on the density of the re-established population. There have been substantial fluctuations in the re-established population in concert with seasonal rainfall patterns. A patchy and small fe-established population could be expected given the patchiness of the largest natural population and the relatively low rainfall of the introduction site.

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Strength and Microstructure of Concrete with Iron Ore Tailings as Replacement for River Sand

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183401003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 01003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Umara Shettima ◽

Yusof Ahmad ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Nasiru Zakari Muhammad ◽

Ogunbode Eziekel Babatude

Keyword(s):

Iron Ore ◽

Economic Value ◽

Waste Product ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

River Sand ◽

Iron Ore Tailings ◽

Concrete Production ◽

And Performance

River Sand is one of the basic ingredients used in the production of concrete. Consequently, continuous consumption of sand in construction industry contributes significantly to depletion of natural resources. To achieve more sustainable construction materials, this paper reports the use of iron ore tailings (IOT) as replacement for river sand in concrete production. IOT is a waste product generated from the production of iron ore and disposed to land fill without any economic value. Concrete mixtures containing different amount of IOT were designed for grade C30 with water to cement ratio of 0.60. The percentage ratios of the river sand replacements by IOT were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Concrete microstructure test namely, XRD and Field Emission Scanned Electron Microscopic/Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX) were conducted for control and IOT concretes in order to determine the interaction and performance of the concrete containing IOT. Test results indicated that the slump values of 130 mm and 80 to 110 mm were recorded for the control and IOT concretes respectively. The concrete sample of 50% IOT recorded the highest compressive strength of 37.7 MPa at 28 days, and the highest flexural strength of 5.5 MPa compared to 4.7 MPa for reference concrete. The texture of the IOT is rough and angular which was able to improve the strength of the concrete.

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Pelatihan Pembuatan Minuman Herbal Modern dalam Kemasan Siap Minum di Puskesmas Mojolangu

PengabdianMu Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.33084/pengabdianmu.v5i3.1126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 242-248

Author(s):

Amaliyah Dina Anggraeni ◽

Kurnia Putri Utami ◽

Nungki Marlian Yuliadarwati

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Local Community ◽

Economic Value ◽

Creative Economy ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Public Facilities ◽

Family Economy ◽

The Family ◽

Training Activities

Training on making new herbal drinks in containers has been carried out at the Mojolangu Health Center, Malang city. The aim of the training on making new herbal drinks is to provide skills to partners in order to help improve the family economy through the creative economy. So the products produced can be marketed in public facilities such as schools and food stalls and grocery stores. The output of the training activities is to provide solutions to problems faced by the community in partner villages in an integrated manner to increase the economic value of the local community. Besides that, there is a noble value to be conveyed by the author, namely that herbal medicine is better known globally by not reducing its usefulness. Training on making new herbal drinks can be used as product ingredients/industrial development by partners as entrepreneurs. Issuance of certificates given to residents who took part in training as a form of appreciation, they have participated in training in making new herbal drinks, increased knowledge, skills, and confidence of health center cadres in the field of traditional medicine in tackling health in the community quickly and accurately. These community service activities will include experiences that are not only useful for the partner community but also the immediate family and the surrounding environment.

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Early Vigor of a Pyramiding Line Containing Two Quantitative Trait Loci, Phosphorus Uptake 1 (Pup1) and Anaerobic Germination 1 (AG1) in Rice (O. Sativa L.)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 453

Author(s):

Na-Hyun Shin ◽

Jae-Hyuk Han ◽

Su Jang ◽

Kihwan Song ◽

Hee-Jong Koh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Major Gene ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Coleoptile Length ◽

Anaerobic Germination ◽

Early Vigor

Direct-seeded rice is one of the solutions against the issues of limited labor and time in the rice cropping system. Improved useful traits, such as fertilizer uptake and anaerobic germination, are needed to increase yield and efficiency in the direct seeding system in rice. Pup1 (Phosphorous uptake1) containing PSTOL1 is useful in improving the phosphate uptake under rainfed/upland conditions. OsTPP7 is the major gene of AG1 (Anaerobic Germination), which shows anaerobic germination. IR64-Pup1-AG1 (I-PA) was developed by pyramiding Pup1 and AG1. Around 20% of the chromosomal segments from the donor remained in I-PA. Phenotypic analysis revealed that I-PA showed better phenotypic performance under low and normal P conditions by enhancing the root system and tiller numbers during the early stage. Significantly better P uptake capacity of I-PA was observed upon a P-supplied soil condition. The coleoptile length and germination rate of I-PA showed tolerance under anaerobic-germinated conditions. PSTOL1 and OsTPP7 were independently expressed under different P conditions of soils, as well as anaerobic conditions. The newly developed breeding lines, I-PA, showed early vigor capacity through a high number of tillers, better P uptake, and germination in low-oxygen conditions. It will be a useful and improved breeding line for direct seeding rice breeding programs.

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Osmotic treatment, growth regulator and rooter in Tabebuia roseoalba (RIDL.) Sandwith seeds for direct sowing

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v42226945 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Carneiro da Silva ◽

Maiara Pilar Palmeira da Silva ◽

Rayssa Zamith ◽

Gustavo Galetti ◽

Fatima Conceição Márquez Piña-Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Seedling Establishment ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Germination Test ◽

Toxicity Effect ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Osmotic Treatment ◽

Direct Sowing

Abstract: Direct seeding is a technology that reduces the costs of forest restoration projects and favors species which are difficult to establish for seedlings. The seeds osmotic treatment to accelerate and standardize germination and induce tolerance to environmental stresses may favor seedling establishment in field through direct sowing and contribute to the greater efficiency of this technique. With the purpose of favor seed germination and seedling establishment under direct seeding conditions in the field, Tabebuia roseoalba osmoprimed seeds in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and unconditioned seeds were treated with isolated and/or combined solutions of plant growth regulators (PGR) and rooting (RTG). These seeds were submitted to germination test and evaluated for percentage germination rate, germination speed index and normal seedlings, and to seedling emergence test by direct field seeding. RTG had a toxic effect on T. roseoalba seeds. Osmoconditioning induced stress tolerance by RTG during germination and on seedling establishment. PGR treatment favors seedling emergence in field conditions and alleviates the toxicity effect caused by RTG. These treatments have great potential for use in direct sowing of T. roseoalba seeds.

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Endophytic Microorganism From the Endangered Plant Nervilia Fordii (Hance) Schltr. In the Southwest Karst Area of China: Isolation, Genetic Diversity and Potential Functional Discovery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-413613/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Ming Tan ◽

Xin-Feng Yang ◽

Ya-Qin Zhou ◽

Peng Fu ◽

Shi-Yi Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Karst Area ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Bletilla Striata

Abstract The plant Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr. is known for its antimicrobial and antitumor properties. It is a rare and vulnerable perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family. In this study, 984 isolates were isolated from various tissues of N. fordii. and were identified through the sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. Except for 12 unidentified fungi, all others were affiliated to at least 39 genera of 14 orders of Ascomycota (72.66%) and Basidiomycota (19.00%). Antimicrobial activity was determined by using the agar diffusion method. Subsequent assays revealed 20 strains of fungal endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Moreover, the capability of promoting seed germination was evaluated on the basis of the interaction of Bletilla striata seeds with the isolates. Results revealed that the three isolates could promote B. striata seed germination. After 21 days, the germination rate under treatment with the best strain was 97.89%, which was higher than that under the control treatment (12.68%). Taken together, the present data suggested that various endophytic fungi of N. fordii could be exploited as sources of novel natural antimicrobial agents or used for the artificial breeding of rare orchids.

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