scholarly journals Comparative effect of various organic extracts coated urea fertilizer on the release pattern of Ammonium and Nitrate in the soil at different time intervals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Hafiz Naeem Asghar ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urea Granules

Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is a very important commodity in agricultural systems. However, due to the losses of applied N from the soil microenvironment its efficiency is too low. Different strategies like the use of polymer coating and use of chemical nitrification inhibitors had been employed to reduce N losses. But these chemical nitrification inhibitors are very expensive. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of parthenium extract, neem oil and acidulated cow dung compost extract on N dynamics in the soil. Three concentrations of parthenium extract (5, 10 and 15 %) and neem oil (1, 2 and 3 %) were coated on urea granules after mixing with the polymer material. Three pH (2, 4 & 6 pH) based acidulated cow dung compost extracts were also coated on urea granules in the same pattern. These coated fertilizers and uncoated urea were applied in jars filled with soil (100g per jar) at the rate of 1g of fertilizer per jar. One treatment was kept as control (without any fertilizer). Treatments along three replications were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD). Results depicted that all coating materials caused the release of N consistently from applied fertilizers compared to uncoated treatment. In addition, percent nitrified N was also reduced significantly in coated treatments in comparison to the uncoated urea and control treatments. However, the level of concentration effect was not obvious as lower concentrations of these extracts and oil also performed almost equal to that of higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization with swine slurry injection and use of nitrification inhibitor

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo Rauber ◽  
Andréia Patrícia Andrade ◽  
Walter Santos Borges Júnior ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Ariane Andreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The injection of nitrogen sources into the soil and use of nitrification inhibitor can improve the efficiency of applied nitrogen and minimize losses to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swine slurry (SS) and urea in two modes of application in the soil (injected and surface), and the use of nitrification inhibitor on NH3 volatilization in a controlled environment, upon varying soil texture and soil pH conditions. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, or a Rhodic Kandiudox and Typic Hapludult soil in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with three replications. The study evaluated four fertilizers (urea, SS, SS +nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide-DCD) and control), two pH conditions (natural and limed) and two forms of fertilizer application (injected and surface), and two soils. The SS rate used was 21 m3 ha-1, and the rate of the inhibitor was 10 kg ha-1. The evaluations consisted in daily accumulated ammonia volatilization up to 14 days, and the percentage of soil nitrogen loss. The injection of fertilizers reduced emissions of ammonia in both soils and, limed soil had higher N losses by volatilization. The inhibitor did not increase the emission of ammonia in both soils.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

scholarly journals Emission of Carbon Dioxide Influenced by Different Water Levels from Soil Incubated Organic Residues

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Hossain ◽  
A. B. Puteh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

We studied the influence of different organic residues and water levels on decomposition rate and carbon sequestration in soil. Organic residues (rice straw, rice root, cow dung, and poultry litter) including control were tested under moistened and flooding systems. An experiment was laid out as a complete randomized design at 25°C for 120 days. Higher CO2-C (265.45 mg) emission was observed in moistened condition than in flooding condition from 7 to 120 days. Among the organic residues, poultry litter produced the highest CO2-C emission. Poultry litter with soil mixture increased 121% cumulative CO2-C compared to control. On average, about 38% of added poultry litter C was mineralized to CO2-C. Maximum CO2-C was found in 7 days after incubation and thereafter CO2-C emission was decreased with the increase of time. Control produced the lowest CO2-C (158.23 mg). Poultry litter produced maximum cumulative CO2-C (349.91 mg). Maximum organic carbon was obtained in cow dung which followed by other organic residues. Organic residues along with flooding condition decreased cumulative CO2-C,kvalue and increased organic C in soil. Maximumkvalue was found in poultry litter and control. Incorpored rice straw increased organic carbon and decreasedkvalue (0.003 g d−1) in soil. In conclusion, rice straw and poultry litter were suitable for improving soil carbon.

scholarly journals Indirect effect of neem oil on Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae): biology and predatory capacity

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniele Pianoscki de Campos ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Zulene Antonio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the effects on the development and predatory capacity of Podisus nigrispinus fed on Spodoptera frugiperda that have ingested different concentrations of neem oil. The predatory capacity of Podisus nigrispinus was assessed, separating nymphs (fourth instar) and adults (males and females). The treatments consisted of S. frugiperda larvae reared in neem oil aqueous solutions (0.077, 0.359 and 0.599%), deltamethrin EC 25 (0.100%) and control arranged in a completely randomized design, with ten replicates. Insects were offered three larval densities (one, three and six), in the third or fourth instars. The predated larvae were examined at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment. Biological parameters of Podisus nigrispinus were evaluated in groups of ten second-instar nymphs transferred to pots, in five replicates. Insects were offered 2-6 third and/or fourth-instar larvae reared in the same neem oil concentrations in a completely randomized design. The following parameters were evaluated: duration of each nymph stage (days), nymph mortality (%), weight of fifth-instar nymphs (mg), sex ratio, weight of males and females (mg) and longevity of unfed adults (days). The predatory capacity of nymphs and adults of Podisus nigrispinus was influenced by the neem oil at the concentrations of 0.359% and 0.599% in the highest density. The concentration of 0.359% lengthened the nymphal stage and the concentration of 0.599% reduced the weight of males.

scholarly journals Nitrification Inhibitors: A Perspective tool to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Malyan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Coated Urea

Rice fields are significant contributors of greenhouse gases mainly methane and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Increasing concentrations of these greenhouse gases play significant role in changing atmospheric chemistry such as mean air temperature, rainfall pattern, drought, and flood frequency. Mitigation of greenhouse gases for achieving sustainable agriculture without affecting economical production is one the biggest challenge of twenty first century at national and global scale. On the basis of published scientific studies, we hereby assess the use of nitrification inhibitors for greenhouse gas mitigation from rice soil. Biologically oxidation of ammonium to nitrate is termed as nitrification and materials which suppress this process are known as nitrification inhibitors. Soil amendment by addition of certain nitrification inhibitors such as neem oil coated urea, nimin-coated urea; dicyandiamide, encapsulated calcium carbide, and hydroquinone reduce cumulative methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice. Firstly, these inhibitors reduce nitrous oxide emissions both directly by nitrification (by reducing NH4+ to NO3-) as well as indirectly by de-nitrification (by reducing NO3- availability in soil). Secondly, methane emission from rice soil can be reduced by enhancing methane oxidation and suppressing methane production and further by reducing the aerenchymal transportation through rice plant. Application of some of the nitrification inhibitors such as calcium carbide and encapsulated calcium carbide reduce methane production by releasing acetylene gas which helps in reducing the population of methanogenic microbes in the soil. Application of nitrification inhibitors also helps to maintain soil redox potential at higher level subsequently reducing cumulative methane emission from soil. Plant derived organic nitrification inhibitors (neem oil, neem cake, karanja seed extract) are eco-friendly and possess substantial greenhouse gas mitigation potential from rice. In the current scenario of global warming and environmental pollution, application of organic plant derived nitrification inhibitors is much needed for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals ABUNDANCE OF CORAL FISH SPECIES AND THE CONDITION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF THE TIKUS ISLAND, BENGKULU CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Rugun ◽  
Irwan Effendi ◽  
Mubarak Mubarak ◽  
Hanies Ambarsari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
And Control

This research was conducted in April - June 2019, located at the Center for Environmental Technology Laboratory (PTL) - Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 820 Geostech, Puspitek Serpong, South Tangerang. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogas production from S. platensis microalgae grown in polluted domestic waste media from Muara Angke waters with different concentrations. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 different treatments of S. platensis concentrations consisting of 5% v/v, 15% v/v and 25% v/v performed three repetitions with the addition cow manure substrate and control without the addition of cow manure substrate. The parameters observed were physical parameters, chemical parameters, biomass calculations and biogas volume measurements. Data were analyzed and tested statistically using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and further tested using the LSD test to compare between treatments with a 95% confidence level. Biogas is energy that can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas. The results showed that S. platensis with the addition of cow dung could produce more biogas volume (4453.6 cm) than S. platensis without the addition of cow dung (697.19 cm). Biogas volume is measured using the gas holder method.

scholarly journals Parameters Affecting Coating Uniformity of Alkali -Activated Material Coated Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.26) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Luqman Hakim H ◽  
Ku. Zilati KZ. ◽  
Muhammad Harris N.
Keyword(s):  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Coating Material ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Urea Granules

The establishment of Controlled Release Urea (CRU) in agriculture industry has given a great significant outcome towards the development of economy while preserving the environment. As it is developed through a coating process, it does not only help to increase fertilizer’s efficiency, but also minimize the loss of nutrients into the soil and environmental pollution. There are many types of coating materials that have been extensively studied as well as applied in everyday life from pharmaceutical industry to engineering industry such as in pharmaceutical tablet, road construction and corrosion control of steel structures like offshore platforms. In this research, the alkali-activated material composite has been developed as a new coating material and is introduced as the main coating material for the CRU. In term of environmental friendliness, alkali-activated material (AAM) is  considered better than sulphur and polymer. However, the combination of fly ash and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution producing the AAM paste needs further research since it can be categorized as a novel coating material for CRU. It is also to ensure the suitability of it to be used as a coating material on urea fertilizer. A significant coating thickness along with good hardness strength can produce promising coated urea granules characteristics. Two parameters have been studied for this research to identify its effect towards coating thickness and hardness strength of coated urea granules which are inlet air pressure and spraying rate. These two parameters are identified to be crucial in enhancing the characteristics of coated urea granules.  

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

Pertumbuhan Cladocera jenis Chydoridae pada media kultur yang berbeda

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denovis Sambode ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Sartje Lantu
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Medium Culture

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of different organic fertilizers on the population growth of Chydorus sp. This research was conducted at Laboratorium of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, from December, 2012 to January, 2013. The experiment was run in the Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replication. Chydorus sp. was cultured in 9 glass jars with a volume of 1 L each. Three treatments applied in this research included A: medium culture composed of 500ml of water and 50 grams of soil; B: medium culture composed of 500ml of water, 50 grams of soil and 10g of cow dung; C: medium culture composed of 500ml of water, 50 grams of soil and 10g of horse dung. The density of Cydorus sp. in each media was 10 individuals /500 ml water. Observation on the population growth, development of live preys, and water quality parameters was conducted for 20 days period. Data were statistically analized with Analysis of variance. The results showed the highest density of Chydorus sp. was reached by Chydorus cultured in medium with horse manure (2169 individual/500 ml), followed by medium culture with cow manure (1715 individual/500 ml), and the lowest in medium culture with soil which was 1065,33 individual/500 ml. However, Analysis of variances showed that Chydorus population growth were not significantly affected by different culture medium. Keywords: manure, liquid fertilizer, growth, Chydorus sp.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

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