scholarly journals Diversities of antimicrobial resistance patterns across Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolated from dairy herbs in Jiangsu province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Jin ◽  
Weidong Lin ◽  
Qing Feng ◽  
Dashuai Zhang ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background As mastitis major causing agents, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA), are important and their connections are special and worth comparing. The overall aim of this study is to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of CNS and SA. Understanding the special characters of staphylococci is essential for finding the precise strategies or directions against them. Results Staphylococci (47.63%) were the commonest pathogens in subclinical mastitis in Jiangsu province. 73.34% and 45.78% of CNS respectively were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) strains, mainly resisting penicillin (77.78%) and ceftazidime (55.95%); for SA, 62.52% of them were MDR strains and resistant to penicillin (94.05%) and norfloxacin (58.33%). Notably, 4 CNS were pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains. According to the chi-square test results, we summary and find that SA was more resistant to quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin) and co-trimoxazole antibiotics than CNS, significantly; on the other hand, CNS were significantly more resistant to lincomycins (clindamycin), macrolides (including erythromycin and clarithromycin), tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin antibiotics than SA,, in total. Resistance genes were detected more frequently in CNS than SA; nearly a third of CNS resit penicillin by β-lactamase coded by blaZ and CNS resist tetracycline mainly by protein pump mechanism. For SA, blaZ was detected out 27.2%, and the other five resistance genes were rare to be found. Conclusion Responding to antibiotics interfering with metabolisms of nucleotide, SA might be more resistant than CNS; while CNS strains are more likely to become mutations to survive under the stress of antibiotics interfering with protein synthesis. These might provide the advantages for CNS to represent like a reservoir of resistance genes for other staphylococci as the previous researches’ assumption.

scholarly journals First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Michał Michalik ◽  
Maja Kosecka-Strojek ◽  
Mariola Wolska ◽  
Alfred Samet ◽  
Adrianna Podbielska-Kubera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST-398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of cfr gene. Moreover, S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes. We identified the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Since both S. aureus and CoNS are the most common etiological factors in laryngological infections, monitoring of such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.

scholarly journals Presence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
H Sukur ◽  
OM Esendal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of commensal microorganisms residing on the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals. Until recently, they have been regarded as non-pathogenic to livestock and companion animals, but since then, their clinical importance in veterinary medicine has increased with the discovery of their potential pathogenic roles in animals causing skin and soft tissue infections together with spontaneous abortions and mastitis. Scientific data concerning the presence of CoNS in North Cyprus are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported herein was to investigate the presence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of CoNS species isolated from various animals presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in North Cyprus between July 2018 and 2019. Staphylococci were isolated from 37.0% (87/235) of the samples submitted, within which 60.9% (53/87) and 39.1% (34/87) were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. Among the CoNS, S. chromogenes was the most predominantly isolated species (14/34, 41.2%), followed by S. capitis (5/34, 14.7%) and S. simulans (4/34, 11.8%). Of these 34 CoNS, 24 (70.6%) and 10 (29.4%) were identified as MRCoNS and MSCoNS, respectively. The CoNS isolates showed relatively high levels of resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (19/34, 55.9%), tetracycline (14/34, 41.2%) and penicillin (13/34, 38.2%). In conclusion, the presence of CoNS, especially MRCoNS, and the detection of multiple drug resistant (MDR) species with a high prevalence were regarded as being important since they might limit and have negative effects on the therapeutic treatment options of staphylococcal infections in animals, and might have both public and veterinary concerns.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance and resistant genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Gebrerufael Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causative agents of mastitis disease in dairy herds. Mastitis disease has a negative impact in the economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and detect antimicrobial resistance genes in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of subclinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic methods were performed for detection of some antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes (mecA, ermA, ermC, and msrA), respectively. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. Of the sixty-eight isolates tested 12 samples were contained the methicillin resistance gene A (mecA). No amplification was observed for the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC, and msrA). Conclusion: The high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antimicrobials contribute in dairy farms may cause health problems in the community consuming raw milk purchased from these farms.

scholarly journals The Genetic Relatedness and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from New Zealand Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Sabrina S. Greening ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Anne C. Midwinter ◽  
David A. Wilkinson ◽  
Scott McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis worldwide and is a common indication for use of antimicrobials on dairy farms. This study aims to investigate the association between on-farm antimicrobial usage and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of mastitis-causing S. aureus. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 57 S. aureus isolates derived from cows with either clinical or subclinical mastitis from 17 dairy herds in New Zealand. The genetic relatedness between isolates was examined using the core single nucleotide polymorphism alignment whilst AMR and virulence genes were identified in-silico. The association between gene presence-absence and sequence type (ST), antimicrobial susceptibility and dry cow therapy treatment was investigated using Scoary. Altogether, eight STs were identified with 61.4% (35/57) belonging to ST-1. Furthermore, 14 AMR-associated genes and 76 virulence-associated genes were identified, with little genetic diversity between isolates belonging to the same ST. Several genes including merR1 which is thought to play a role in ciprofloxacin-resistance were found to be significantly overrepresented in isolates sampled from herds using ampicillin/cloxacillin dry cow therapy. Overall, the presence of resistance genes remains low and current antimicrobial usage patterns do not appear to be driving AMR in S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Diverse commensal E. coli clones and plasmids disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes in domestic animals and children in a semi-rural community in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liseth Salinas ◽  
Paúl Cárdenas ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
Karla Vasco ◽  
Jay Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACTThe increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Enterobacteriaceae has had major clinical and economic impacts in human medicine. Many of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae found in humans are community-acquired and linked to food animals (i.e. livestock raised for meat and dairy products). In this study, we examined whether numerically dominant, commensal Escherichia coli strains from humans (n=63 isolates) and domestic animals (n=174 isolates) in the same community and with matching phenotypic AMR patterns, were clonally related or shared the same plasmids. We identified 25 multi-drug resistant isolates (i.e. resistant to 3 or more antimicrobial classes) that shared identical phenotypic resistance patterns. We then investigated the diversity of E. coli clones, AMR genes and plasmids carrying the AMR genes using conjugation, replicon typing and whole genome sequencing. None of the MDR E. coli isolates (from children and domestic animals) analyzed were clonal. While the majority of isolates shared the same antimicrobial resistance genes and replicons, DNA sequencing indicated that these genes and replicons were found on different plasmid structures. Our findings suggest that nonclonal resistance gene dissemination is common in this community and that diverse plasmids carrying AMR genes presents a significant challenge for understanding the movement of AMR in a community.IMPORTANCEEven though Escherichia coli strains may share nearly identical AMR profiles, AMR genes, and overlap in space and time, the diversity of clones and plasmids challenges to research that aims to identify sources of AMR. Horizontal gene transfer appears to play a much larger role than clonal expansion in the spread of AMR in the community.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widodo Suwito ◽  
WIDAGDO SRI NUGROHO ◽  
AGNESIA ENDANG TRI HASTUTI WAHYUNI ◽  
BAMBANG SUMIARTO
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract. Suwito W, Nugroho WS, Wahyuni AETH, Sumiarto B. 2021. Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from subclinical mastitis in Ettawa Crossbred goat (PE) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3418-3422. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa Crossbred Goat (PE) is most frequently caused by staphylococci with a significant reduction in milk yield. The aim of this study is to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from PE goat SCM. A total of 36 CoNS isolates originating from PE goat SCM were collected in semisolid tube use in this study. All CoNS isolates were further examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility of CoNS isolated samples according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The CoNS isolates showed the highest resistance rate against sulfamethoxazole (65%), ampicillin (55.56%), penicillin (45%), cefoxitin (33.33%), erythromycin (25%), oxytetracycline (20%), tetracycline (15%), gentamicin and neomycin (11.11%), while oxacillin was sensitive. The highest of multiple antimicrobials resistance observed 15% in ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline, then 5-10% in ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The majority of CoNS in this study were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and then, followed by ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, gentamicin and neomycin. In addition, most isolates were penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR).

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from mastitic milk and humans in El-Behira, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Diab ◽  
Nermin A. Ibrahim ◽  
Yasser F. Elnaker ◽  
Sherif A. Zidan ◽  
Marwa A. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Background and Aim: Milk is a chief source of many nutrients. However, we must also bear in mind that it is a potential source for many cases of food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cow mastitis and evaluate the presence of enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and contact humans in El-Behira Province, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 680 milk samples from 170 cows and 86 human samples consisting of 43 hand swabs and 43 nasal swabs were analyzed. The milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test. Results: The general occurrence was 23.1% (157/680) where 48 quarters had clinical mastitis and 109 had subclinical mastitis. Subsequently, S. aureus was isolated in Baird-Parker agar where typical and atypical colonies were selected and submitted to coagulase and complementary tests. Out of 48 samples of mastitic milk studied, 16 (33.3%) showed contamination by S. aureus whereas 109 samples of subclinical mastitis showed contamination in only 18 (16.5%). On the opposite hand, of the 86 human samples, 33 revealed S. aureus contamination, corresponding to 38.37% of the samples. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc and the staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were performed after culture, revealing that 88.2% (30/34) of milk samples and 93.9% (31/33) of human samples were variably positive to those genes. Conclusion: The use of nuc gene based PCR is an accurate and rapid method for S aureus isolates detection. A high prevalence of multiple drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus recovered from both human and milk represents further evidence for possible veterinary hazards as well as public hazards, especially to those that consume milk from this region.

Phenotypical and Genotypical Antimicrobial Resistance of Coagulase-negative staphylococci Isolated from Cow Mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Klimiene ◽  
M. Virgailis ◽  
A. Pavilonis ◽  
R. Siugzdiniene ◽  
R. Mockeliunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Encoding Genes

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci were evaluated by breakpoint values specific to the species (EU-CAST). The presence of resistance-encoding genes was detected by multiplex PCR. A total of 191 CNS isolates were obtained. The CNS isolates were typically resistant to penicillin (67.4%), tetracyc-line (18.9%), and erythromycin (13.7%). CNS isolates (78.0%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial compound, and 22.0% were multiresistant. The multiresistant isolates were predominantlyStaphylococcus chromogenes(28.6%),Staphylococcus warneri(19%) andStaphylococcus haemolyticus(14.3%). According to MIC pattern data, multiresistant isolates showed the highest resistance (p<0.05) rates to penicillin (85.7%), tetracycline (66.7%), and erythromycin (48.2%), but all of them were sensitive to daptomycin, oxacillin, qiunupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.S. chromogenes (9.5%),S. haemolyticus(4.8%), andS. capitis ss capitis(2.4%) strains were resistant to methicillin; their resistance to oxacillin and penicillin was more than 8 mg/l. A high rate of resistance to penicillin was linked to ablaZ gene found in 66.6% of the isolated multiresistant CNS strains. Resistance to tetracycline via thetetK (38.1%) gene and penicillin via themecA (23.8%) gene were detected less frequently. GenemsrAB was responsible for macrolides and lincosamides resistance and detected in 28.6% of the CNS isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified more frequently inS. epidermidis,S. chromogenes, andS. warneri.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusand Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Virdis ◽  
Christian Scarano ◽  
Francesca Cossu ◽  
Vincenzo Spanu ◽  
Carlo Spanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were determined in 25S. aureusand 75 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) strains isolates from half-udder milk samples collected from goats with subclinical mastitis. Fourteen (56.0%)S. aureusand thirty-one (41.3%) CNS isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents.S. aureusshowed the highest resistance rate against kanamycin (28.0%), oxytetracycline (16.0%), and ampicillin (12.0%). The CNS tested were more frequently resistant to ampicillin (36.0%) and kanamycin (6.7%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance was observed in eight isolates, and oneStaphylococcus epidermidiswas found to be resistant to six antibiotics. ThemecAgene was not found in any of the tested isolates. Single resistance againstβ-lactamics or aminoglicosides is the most common trait observed while multiresistance is less frequent.

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