scholarly journals Changing SARS-CoV-2 variants in Karachi, Pakistan from alpha to delta through COVID-19 waves three and four

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hasan ◽  
Uzma Bashir Aamir ◽  
Asghar Nasir ◽  
Akbar Kanji ◽  
Azra Samreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Specific Mutation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Laboratories

Abstract We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) in Karachi, Pakistan between April and July 2021 in specimens received at the Aga Khan University Clinical Laboratories. VoC were identified using a PCR based approach targeting lineage specific mutation. Of the 710 clinical isolates tested, 63% were VoC comprising; 36% alpha, 37% beta, 7% gamma and 21% delta variants. Alpha variants remained the majority whilst, delta strains increased to 43% of cases in July. Thirty-six per cent of all cases were admitted COVID-19 in-patient samples. Of the in-patient cases, 41% were alpha, 28% were beta, 8% were gamma and 24% were delta variants. Overall, we report an increase of delta variants in Karachi over the past two months which is concordant with the currently observed exacerbation in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Bryant ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Aaron M. Milstone
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Current Practices

Central line–associated bloodstream infections cause morbidity and mortality in children. We explore the evidence for prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infections in children, assess current practices, and propose research topics to improve prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
J.A. Wils
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 300,000 new cases and 200,000 related deaths in Europe and the USA each year. Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer is now widely accepted and can reduce mortality with approximately 10%. This can be considered as one of the major achievements in oncology from the past decade. Current results will be discussed and strategies for the future will be outlined, including on-going or planned large-scale trials with new drugs and approaches.

IMMUNIZATION ACTION MONTH, OCTOBER 1973

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Childhood Morbidity

The pediatrician has always been among those physicians most sensitive and attentive to the principles and practice of preventive medicine. For the past three decades immunization against infectious diseases has constituted a major aspect of his activities. Many of the vaccines utilized today are the products of research and of investigators fostered by pediatric institutions. The success of these immunizing agents has had profound, beneficial effects on childhood morbidity and mortality. This same success has enabled the pediatrician in his practice and in his research to focus greater energies on many of the other challenges to the health of infants and children.

Measles (Rubeola) and Rubella: (1) Dangers of the Layman's Confusion (2) Mass Measles Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-978
Author(s):  
Norman Lewak
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Immunization Campaign

The apathy of the public (including the medical profession) in regard to the fact that measles can be a dangerous disease has been a concern of mine for the past few years (Pediatrics, 34:438, 1964). Because of that apathy, a mass immunization campaign never occurred and we had unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Routine immunization is now with us; the incidence of measles has finally declined. But the apathy has continued, and since immunity is far from universal, new epidemics are being forecast.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Eravacycline against Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated in Clinical Laboratories Worldwide from 2013 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Morrissey ◽  
Stephen Hawser ◽  
Sibylle H. Lob ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Matteo Bassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Doubling Dilution

ABSTRACT Eravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic being developed for the treatment of serious infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Here, we evaluated the in vitro activities of eravacycline and comparator antimicrobial agents against a recent global collection of frequently encountered clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria. The CLSI broth microdilution method was used to determine in vitro MIC data for isolates of Enterococcus spp. (n = 2,807), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 4,331), and Streptococcus spp. (n = 3,373) isolated primarily from respiratory, intra-abdominal, urinary, and skin specimens by clinical laboratories in 37 countries on three continents from 2013 to 2017. Susceptibilities were interpreted using both CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints. There were no substantive differences (a >1-doubling-dilution increase or decrease) in eravacycline MIC90 values for different species/organism groups over time or by region. Eravacycline showed MIC50 and MIC90 results of 0.06 and 0.12 μg/ml, respectively, when tested against Staphylococcus aureus, regardless of methicillin susceptibility. The MIC90 values of eravacycline for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were equal (0.5 μg/ml). The eravacycline MIC90s for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.06 μg/ml and were within 1 doubling dilution regardless of the vancomycin susceptibility profile. Eravacycline exhibited MIC90 results of ≤0.06 μg/ml when tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-hemolytic and viridans group streptococcal isolates. In this surveillance study, eravacycline demonstrated potent in vitro activity against frequently isolated clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus spp.), including isolates collected over a 5-year period (2013 to 2017), underscoring its potential benefit in the treatment of infections caused by common Gram-positive pathogens.

Geriatric assessment of older adults with cancer: Baseline data from a 500 patient multicenter study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9546-9546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hurria ◽  
S. Mohile ◽  
S. Lichtman ◽  
C. Owusu ◽  
H. Klepin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Tumor Types

9546 Background: As the cancer population ages, a brief, comprehensive measure is needed to characterize the “functional age” of a patient, in order to optimize treatment decisions and evaluate outcomes based on factors other than chronological age. A geriatric assessment (GA) evaluates factors other than age that predict morbidity and mortality in older adults. The goals of this study are to describe the results of a GA performed in 500 older adults with cancer from 7 participating institutions and to evaluate the feasibility of completing this assessment in oncology practice. Methods: The GA is comprised of validated measures of functional status, comorbidity, cognition, psychological status, social functioning and support, and nutritional status (Hurria et al, Cancer 2005). The GA was completed prior to the start of a new chemotherapy regimen in patients age ≥ 65 with a solid tumor or lymphoma. Results: 500 patients (mean age 73; range 65–91) completed the GA. The most common tumor types were lung (29%), GI (29%) and breast/gyn (22%) cancer; 57% had stage IV disease. The GA revealed that 41% of patients needed assistance with instrumental activities of daily living despite a mean physician-reported KPS of 85 (range 50–100), 92% had ≥1 comorbid medical conditions (mean 2.5; range 0–9), 95% took ≥ 1 medications (mean 5; range 0–23), 16% had ≥ 1 falls in the past 6 months, 6% had gross cognitive impairment on the Blessed Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test, and 39% had > 5% weight loss in the past 6 months. The mean time to complete the GA was 27 minutes (range 10–80); 94% were satisfied with the GA length and 70% were able to complete the GA without assistance. Multivariate logistic regression identified the following sociodemiographic and disease variables predict the need for assistance with completion of the GA: age ≥ 80 (p=0.02), high school education or less (p<0.01), non-white race (p<0.01), and the presence of metastatic disease (p=0.01). Conclusions: This brief GA is largely self-administered, can be completed by the majority of older patients without assistance, and identifies important deficits and problems that may impact morbidity and mortality. Prospective data are being acquired to identify factors in the GA that predict chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Present-day G-6-PD deficit in Sardinia with respect to malarial morbidity and mortality in the past

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
E. Sanna ◽  
R. Bruno ◽  
G. G. Cosseddu ◽  
G. Floris ◽  
A. Salis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Occurrence of Efflux Mechanism and Cephalosporinase Variant in a Population of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Que-Tien Tran ◽  
Myrielle Dupont ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne ◽  
Jacqueline Chevalier ◽  
Jean-Marie Pagès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Specific Mutation ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Efflux Mechanism

ABSTRACT We investigated the occurrence of multidrug resistance in 44 Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Efflux was involved in resistance in E. aerogenes isolates more frequently than in K. pneumoniae isolates (100 versus 38% of isolates) and was associated with the expression of phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide-susceptible active efflux. AcrA-TolC overproduction in E. aerogenes isolates was noted. An analysis of four E. aerogenes isolates for which cefepime MICs were high revealed no modification in porin expression but a new specific mutation in the AmpC β-lactamase.

scholarly journals How To Become a Top Model: Impact of Animal Experimentation on Human Salmonella Disease Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1806-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée M. Tsolis ◽  
Mariana N. Xavier ◽  
Renato L. Santos ◽  
Andreas J. Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACTSalmonellaserotypes are a major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, a series of animal models have been developed to advance vaccine development, provide insights into immunity to infection, and study the pathogenesis of humanSalmonelladisease. The successive introduction of new animal models, each suited to interrogate previously neglected aspects ofSalmonelladisease, has ushered in important conceptual advances that continue to have a strong and sustained influence on the ideas driving research onSalmonellaserotypes. This article reviews important milestones in the use of animal models to study humanSalmonelladisease and identify research needs to guide future work.

Review on immunosenescence

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Ginaldi ◽  
Lucia Paola Mengoli ◽  
Massimo De Martinis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
General Improvement

The improvements of socio-environmental conditions, medical care and quality of life have caused a general improvement in the health status of the population and a consequent reduction of morbidity and mortality, resulting in an overall increased life-expectancy. The role of immunosenescence was negligible in the past, when the human lifespan was 40–50 years, and its impact on morbidity and mortality has emerged in combination with the extension of lifespan. Immunosenescence results from multifactorial processes that act on all components of the immune system. The changes associated with immunosenescence are playing an increasingly important role in the emergence of a series of age-related pathologies, conditioning the present epidemiology of old people.

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