scholarly journals Expression of the Laminin-5γ2 Chain Is Associated With Acquisition of Malignant Traits in Ovarian Serous and Mucinous Tumors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Tajika ◽  
Johji Imura ◽  
Akira Noguchi ◽  
Megumi Orita ◽  
Yuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Borderline Tumor ◽  
Mucinous Tumor ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Laminin 5 ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Serous Tumors

Abstract BackgroundOvarian tumors are predominantly of epithelial origin and are currently divided into three groups: Adenoma, borderline tumor, and adenocarcinoma by the presence or absence of invasion and cellular atypia. However, it is difficult to assess invasion, so a more objective biomarker would be desirable. Laminin-5 (Lam5) is a protein that constitutes the extracellular matrix of the basement membrane, and it is composed of three short-chain subunits. One of them, the Lam5γ2 chain (Lam5γ2), has been reported to be expressed in some malignant tumors and is suggested to be related to tumor cell invasion. Against this background, we investigated immunohistologically whether the Lam5γ2 would be useful as a marker to predict invasion in ovarian serous and mucinous tumors.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for Lam5γ2 was performed on a total of 80 cases of serous and mucinous tumor adenomas, borderline tumors, and adenocarcinomas, and the differences in the localization of Lam5γ2 expression were observed.ResultsThe basement membrane expression of Lam5γ2 tended to be preserved or had disappeared in half of the adenomas and borderline serous tumors. In all cases of adenocarcinoma, the expression on the basement membrane had disappeared. The frequency of expression in tumor cells increased in the order of adenoma, borderline tumor, adenocarcinoma. In particular, in most adenocarcinoma cases a cytoplasmic expression was observed. The same tendency was noted in mucinous tumors, and the basement membrane expression tended to disappear in the order of adenoma, borderline tumor and adenocarcinoma. Many cases of adenocarcinoma were observed among the tumor cells. In adenocarcinoma cases of both types of tumor, many tumor cells showed prominent cytoplasmic expression particularly in the microinvasive foci and in the invasive front.ConclusionsThe disappearance of Lam5γ2 from the basement membrane and its aberrant expression in serous and mucinous tumor cells may serve as a phenotype for invasiveness.

Penile Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Rare Case With PD-L1 Expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692098834
Author(s):  
Raquel Machado-Neves ◽  
Bernardo Teixeira ◽  
Elsa Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Valente ◽  
Joaquim Lindoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate

Most malignant tumors of the penis are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), being divided in 2 groups, one human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and another non-HPV-related, with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) being one of the rarest HPV-related SCC. In this article, we report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented testicular swelling and pain for the past 3 months. A penile mass was identified, and the patient was submitted to a total penectomy. The penectomy specimen showed an ulcerated lesion at the glans reaching the cavernous bodies. Microscopic examination showed undifferentiated epithelial cells with syncytial growth pattern mix with a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, consistent with LELC. The tumor cells expressed p16 and all 3 different clones of PDL1 (22C3, SP263, and SP142). The patient is alive and well with a follow-up of 3 months. To our knowledge, this is the third LELC of the penis reported in literature and the first case reported with PDL1 expression.

scholarly journals Splicing factor USP39 promotes ovarian cancer malignancy through maintaining efficient splicing of oncogenic HMGA2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shourong Wang ◽  
Zixiang Wang ◽  
Jieyin Li ◽  
Junchao Qin ◽  
Jianping Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Splicing Factor ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Nuclear Speckles ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Intergenic Regions

AbstractAberrant expression of splicing factors was found to promote tumorigenesis and the development of human malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and functional relevance remain elusive. We here show that USP39, a component of the spliceosome, is frequently overexpressed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and that an elevated level of USP39 is associated with a poor prognosis. USP39 promotes proliferation/invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, USP39 was transcriptionally activated by the oncogene protein c-MYC in ovarian cancer cells. We further demonstrated that USP39 colocalizes with spliceosome components in nuclear speckles. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that USP39 deletion led to globally impaired splicing that is characterized by skipped exons and overrepresentation of introns and intergenic regions. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that USP39 preferentially binds to exon-intron regions near 5′ and 3′ splicing sites. In particular, USP39 facilitates efficient splicing of HMGA2 and thereby increases the malignancy of ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that USP39 functions as an oncogenic splicing factor in ovarian cancer and represents a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.

Co-operation between metastatic tumor cells and macrophages in the degradation of basement membrane (type IV) collagen

FEBS Letters ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Henry ◽  
Yves Eeckhout ◽  
Anne-Louise van Lamsweerde ◽  
Gilbert Vaes
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Membrane Type

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanisms of Elemene in Reversing Drug Resistance in Tumor Cells: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Tiantian Tan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ruhua Luo ◽  
Rongrong Wang ◽  
Liyan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Abcb1 Transporter

Malignant tumors are life-threatening, and chemotherapy is one of the common treatment methods. However, there are often many factors that contribute to the failure of chemotherapy. The multidrug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy has been reported, since tumor cells’ sensitivity decreases over time. To overcome these problems, extensive studies have been conducted to reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. Elemene, an extract of the natural drug Curcuma wenyujin, has been found to reverse drug resistance and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Mechanisms by which elemene reverses tumor resistance include inhibiting the efflux of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1) transporter, reducing the transmission of exosomes, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in various signaling pathways, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting stemness, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and so on. In this paper, the mechanisms of elemene’s reversal of drug resistance are comprehensively reviewed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN RECEPTOR IN THE DELIVERY OF TARGETED PREPARATIONS IN ONCOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
H. M Treshalina ◽  
G. B Smirnova ◽  
S. A Tsurkan ◽  
J. R Tcherkassova ◽  
N. A Lesnaya
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Afp Production

There was executed the analysis of thematic literature during from 1956 to 2015 devoted to receptors to fetal proteins, including to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) known in medicine as oncomarker and used by malignant cells for the organization of tumoral homeostasis. As protein carrier, AFP similar to albumin takes of vitally important molecules in a space «hydrophobic pocket» and moves inside a cell, but as the cancer-embryonal antigen (CEA) - determines the existence of a malignant tumor, but not the type of a neoplasm. On the bounding of AFP with teratogen and their internalization and delivery in an embryo there is based the development of ways of «address» delivery of substances into a cell. This is realized by means of receptor mediated endocytosis via specific membranous receptors to AFP (ReCAF) with high selectivity concerning malignant cells of various genesis. Up to 90% of all malignant cells of the human and tumor models for human and mammalians express AFP receptors, including rather recently opened stem tumor cells - the most probable source of metastasing. AFP production and expression of receptors is selectively raised in malignant tumors of patients and human tumor models. The hyperproduction of AFP and hyperexpression of ReCAF are related to the histologic type of tumor model and are characteristic for embrional cell tumors and hepatoblastomas with initially low drug sensitivity or with the resistance. When choosing the model it is necessary to consider that in different types of tumor cells ReCAF have specific features in cultivation which are not pronounced in conditions of an animal organism. More differentiated tumors are characterized by the larger level of the AFP production and a hyperexpression of ReCAF. The use of subcutaneous tumor xenografts signal for AFP localizations with the hyperexpression of receptors, allows to reveal mostly evidentially the effectiveness of the therapeutic system at the preclinical level. Address delivery of therapeutic systems created on the basis of AFP or its fragments is capable of causing the change of their pharmacological properties. The therapeutic prize is possible due to the induction of process of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, but at the same time the fall in the cytotoxic capacity of system is possible.

scholarly journals Promising Advances in LINC01116 Related to Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Xu ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Menggang Zhang ◽  
Qingyuan Zheng ◽  
Zongzong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length of no less than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are pivotal regulators of biological processes in several diseases, particularly in several malignant tumors. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1116 (LINC01116) is a lncRNA, whose aberrant expression is correlated with a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, and osteosarcoma. LINC01116 plays a crucial role in facilitating cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In addition, numerous studies have recently suggested that LINC01116 has emerged as a novel biomarker for prognosis and therapy in malignant tumors. Consequently, we summarize the clinical significance of LINC01116 associated with biological processes in various tumors and provide a hopeful orientation to guide clinical treatment of various cancers in future studies.

scholarly journals GENE-61. METHYLATION-BASED LIQUID BIOPSY OF MENINGIOMA PRIMARY AND RECURRENT SAMPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi111-vi111
Author(s):  
Thais Sarraf Sabedot ◽  
Tathiane Malta ◽  
James Snyder ◽  
Tobias Walbert ◽  
Ian Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
P Value ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Dna Fragments

Abstract Meningiomas are mostly benign CNS tumors, however a subset of these tumors may become atypical or malignant. The standard of care to monitor patients after diagnosis requires serial MRI assessments, which have limited value in distinguishing malignant tumors from benign disease. Therefore the discovery of non-invasive methodologies that reflect meningioma tumor burden and its dynamic evolution in real-time is highly desirable. Liquid biopsy (LB) could be used to fine-tune surveillance and treatment with minimal risk to patients. Evidence of circulating tumor cells and cell-free (cf) tumor DNA in the blood has been shown in several tumor types, however limited progress has been made for brain tumors with known biomarkers; possibly due to the unlikelihood of capturing point mutations in circulating DNA fragments. On the other hand, DNA methylation signatures are maintained even in small DNA fragments, which suggests that DNA methylation is an attractive marker to be studied in liquid biopsy of brain cancers. In order to identify DNA methylation-based biomarkers using archival serum and tissue specimens, we analyzed the epigenome (Illumina Human EPIC array) of patients with primary (n=10) and recurrent (n=4) meningiomas and epileptic patients (n=5) as control. cfDNA fragment size distribution revealed peaks with 150~200bp on average. We identified 482 CpGs (p-value< 0.001) differentially methylated between primary meningiomas and controls, which 294 (61%) show a DNA methylation profile similar to the matched tumor tissue. Overall, we observed that recurrent samples are hypermethylated (56%) compared to primary. From this pilot data, we were able to investigate the LB methylome of meningioma patients and identify potential markers to detect tumor cells in the serum of these patients, which could eventually allow clinicians to monitor impending disease progression and recurrence.

scholarly journals Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Its Application in Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Jin-Qi Song ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhou ◽  
Gang-Liang Tu ◽  
Chang-Li Xu ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Tumor Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Development And Evolution

In recent years, circulating tumor cells have become the focus of tumor research. In-depth study of the role of circulating tumor cells in the genesis, development, and evolution of tumors will be of great significance for the early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and prognosis of tumors. Prostate cancer is one of the common male malignant tumors, and the role of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer has been increasing year by year. This article will focus on the progress of circulating tumor cells detection and its application in prostate cancer.

Metastatic Lymphangiosarcoma in a Horse

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sanchez ◽  
A. Nieto ◽  
M. A. Ruiz de Leon ◽  
J. Rodríguez ◽  
J. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Tumor Metastases ◽  
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue

A lymphangiosarcoma with metastases was found in a horse that presented with respiratory distress and edema in the ventral thorax and abdomen. The necropsy revealed diffuse edema in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Mediastinal, mesenteric, iliac, and renal lymph nodes were enlarged and white with soft, yellowish necrotic areas. Histologic examination revealed numerous channels and disorganized vessels lined by large polyhedral, polymorphic cells. Tumor metastases were observed in the spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the tumor cells demonstrated positive staining for factor VIII, vimentin, and keratin. Laminin was scarce, and collagen IV staining was negative, consistent with a discontinuous or absent basement membrane.

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