scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel dichoptic training method using polarising film for treatment of amblyopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Iwata ◽  
Tomoya Handa ◽  
Hitoshi Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
Patch Group ◽  
Dichoptic Training ◽  
Film Group

Abstract We have developed a new, low-cost, easily administered method that uses a polarising film to enable dichoptic training for amblyopia. In this study, we compared its effects with occlusion therapy using an eye patch. Fifty-eight patients (4.7 ± 0.1 years old) diagnosed with anisometric amblyopia were included and instructed to wear complete refractive correction glasses with either occlusion therapy using an eye patch (eye patch group) or dichoptic training using polarising film (polarising film group) for two hours per day. We examined the improvement in the visual acuity and adherence rate of the patients two months after treatment initiation. After training, the polarising film group showed significant improvement in visual acuity compared with the eye patch group. The adherence rate was also significantly better in the polarising film group than in the eye patch group. In both groups, there was a significant correlation between the improvement in visual acuity and adherence rate. This new dichoptic training using a polarising film was shown to be effective for anisometropic amblyopia.

Evoked Potential: Use in Screening of Hearing and Vision

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
Potential Use

An evoked potential (EP) is the electrical response of the CNS to an external stimulus. Each EP may be represented as a sequence of waves, the amplitude and length of which reflect the conduction and processing of sensory information through the CNS. Visual, auditory, and somatic EP are used clinically in pediatrics. Visual evoked potentials are the responses recorded from the occipital cortex of the scalp near the primary visual cortex to a stroboscopic light flash. The occipital potential orginates in the retina. This study can be used to assess the functional integrity of the visual system. Visual acuity can be assessed using refractive correction to enhance the amplitude of the recorded response in small children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of refractive error correction for people with oculocutaneous albinism in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun M Bhari ◽  
Kabindra Bajracharya ◽  
Hari B Thapa ◽  
Maria Gautam ◽  
Araniko Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Telephone Contact ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Objective Improvement

Background: Albinism is commonly associated with high refractive errors, but some clinicians are reluctant to prescribe glasses because reduced vision persists due to additional non-refractive visual problems.Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glasses in people with oculocutaneous albinism in Nepal.Materials and Methods: People with Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) were prospectively examined through an outreach program of Lumbini Eye Institute, Nepal. Glasses were prescribed to determine the objective improvement in visual acuity (VA) and strabismus. Compliance with spectacles wear was assessed by telephone contact after 3 weeks and categorized as excellent: >75% of awake hours; good: 50–75% of awake hours; fair: 26–50% of awake hours and poor: <25%.Results: Thirty one people (65% male) mean age 18 years (range: 3 to 50) with OCA were examined. Mean refractive correction was –0.40±4.3 diopters spherical equivalents (range: −11.0 to +7.0 D). Mean visual acuity at distance was 0.9±0.28(6/50) corrected and 1.150.31(5/60) uncorrected (P = 0.000) in 62 eyes. Mean neat VA was1.74±0.89M corrected and 2.06±1.20M uncorrected (P = 0.004). Forty eight per cent (15 people) had fusion with or without glasses and one had fusion only with glasses. Compliance was excellent in 52% (16), fair in 26% (8), good in 12% (4), and poor in 10% (3).Conclusion: Providing eye glasses resulted in a clinically and functionally significant improvement in visual acuity and function in people with OCA.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(6) 2017 30-34

scholarly journals Enzymotherapy of toxic anterior segment syndrome after phacoemulsification

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Alexander S Suvorov ◽  
Timur G Sazhin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose. To investigate the efficacy of recombinant prourokinase (RPU) treatment in patients with toxic anterior segment syndrome after phacoemulsification. Material and methods. We observed 123 patients (123 eyes) with toxic anterior segment syndrome after phacoemulsification; patients of the group I (n = 30) received only antiinflammatory treatment; in treatment of patients of the group II (n = 31), instillations of the RPU solution were used, in the group III (n = 31), RPU solution was injected subconjunctivally, in the group IV (n = 31) - RPU solution electrophoresis was used. Treatment result analysis was carried out within 30 days. Results. Initial mean visual acuity in groups was 0.09 ± 0.04; 0.1 ± 0.04; 0.09 ± 0.04; 0.08 ± 0.04, and was virtually the same (p > 0.05). In 24 hours after treatment initiation, mean visual acuity in the group III was higher, than in the others. In three days and up to the end of observation period, the lowest mean visual acuity was noted in the group I (p < 0.05). Anterior chamber assessment showed that beginning from the first 24 hours after treatment initiation, in groups III and IV, fibrin lysis in the anterior chamber was more pronounced, than in groups I and II (p < 0.05); by the end of the observation period, worst indices of anterior chamber state were found in the group I (p < 0.05), in other groups, they were almost identical (p < 0.05). When using RPU, no allergic reaction was noted. Conclusions. RPU use in combined toxic anterior segment syndrome therapy after phacoemulsification allows increasing visual acuity, reducing convalescence time, and reducing the number of laser dissections. It was established that all methods of RPU administration are effective. RPU may be administered as eye drops on an outpatient basis, receiving efficacy similar to other administration methods.

scholarly journals Assessment of visual acuity defects among rural adolescent students of tribal Bastar Chhattisgarh (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Alakh Ram Verma ◽  
Teeku Sinha ◽  
Gagandeep Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Rural Adolescent

Background: Defective visual acuity is the most common problem among adolescents which, if remains uncorrected may cause refractive errors and may lead to blindness. Defective visual acuity can be tested early and corrected by spectacles. The objectives of the study were assessment of visual acuity defects among adolescent students.Methods: Present study design is cross sectional community based study. Conducted during July to September 2017 in Higher Secondary School, Pandripani. Predesigned KAP questionnaires were used to collect information and visual acuity was measured by using Snellen’s chart. Students with spectacles were tested for uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. Data was analyzed on MS Excel 2016.Results: Visual acuity defect prevalence rises with age and maximum is seen in age group 19-20 years (85%).Male to female ratio in students with defects was 52:48 Maximum defect is seen in class 12th students (34%).83% students never got their eyes checked out of which 25% had defective visual acuity. Positive attitude toward spectacles preventing normalization of eyes and spectacles leading to dependence and worsening of vision were elicited. Students whose parents have eye related problem have prevalence of 64%.83% of students advised to wear spectacles who don’t have, cost of spectacle is most common cause (80%) and is preceded by not much difference in vision after wearing (20%).Conclusions: The prevalence of visual acuity defect was high in rural adolescent. Eye screening of school going children is recommended and spectacles to be distributed free or at low cost to those students diagnosed with refractive errors.

A Comparison of Visual Acuity Performance between a Binocular Night Vision Goggle and Two Types of Monocular Night Vision Goggles

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Robert M. Waters ◽  
Larry W. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Intensification

Two experiments were run comparing the operational binoculars AN/PVS-5 Night Vision Goggles with two monocular low cost night vision goggles using newer light intensification techniques. No decrement in performance was noted in visual acuity or depth perception with the monocular low cost goggles; an improved capability was noted with the new goggles in low light level conditions.

scholarly journals A New Dichoptic Training Strategy Leads to Better Cooperation Between the Two Eyes in Amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zitian Liu ◽  
Zidong Chen ◽  
Le Gao ◽  
Manli Liu ◽  
Yiru Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dichoptic Training

Recent clinical trials failed to endorse dichoptic training for amblyopia treatment. Here, we proposed an alternative training strategy that focused on reducing signal threshold contrast in the amblyopic eye under a constant and high noise contrast in the fellow eye (HNC), and compared it to a typical dichoptic strategy that aimed at increasing the tolerable noise contrast in the fellow eye (i.e., TNC strategy). We recruited 16 patients with amblyopia and divided them into two groups. Eight patients in Group 1 received the HNC training, while the other eight patients in Group 2 performed the TNC training first (Phase 1) and then crossed over to the HNC training (Phase 2). We measured contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) separately in the amblyopic and fellow eyes when the untested eye viewed mean luminance (monocularly unmasked) or noise stimuli (dichoptically masked) before and after training at a particular frequency. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) of masked and unmasked conditions, and dichoptic gain (the ratio of AULCSF of masked to unmasked condition) were calculated for each eye. We found that both dichoptic training paradigms substantially improved masked CSF, dichoptic gain, and visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. As opposed to the TNC paradigm, the HNC training produced stronger effects on masked CSFs, stereoacuity, dichoptic gain, and visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. Interestingly, the second-phase HNC training in Group 2 also induced further improvement in the masked contrast sensitivity and AULCSF in the amblyopic eye. We concluded that the HNC training strategy was more effective than the TNC training paradigm. Future design for dichoptic training should not only focus on increasing the tolerable noise contrast in the fellow eye but should also “nurture” the amblyopic eye under normal binocular viewing conditions and sustained interocular suppression.

scholarly journals Association among Blink Rate, Changes in Ocular Surface Temperature, Tear Film Stability, and Functional Visual Acuity in Patients after Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Itokawa ◽  
Yukinobu Okajima ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
Tatsuhiko Kobayashi ◽  
Yuto Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tear Film Stability ◽  
Functional Visual Acuity ◽  
Film Group

Purpose. To investigate the association among the ocular surface temperature (OST), tear film stability, functional visual acuity (FVA), and blink rate in patients after cataract surgery. Methods. We recruited 98 eyes of 69 patients (mean age, 73.7 ± 5.2 years) 1 month after phacoemulsification with implantation of acrylic intraocular lenses and assessed slit-lamp microscopy, corrected distance VA, FVA, noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and OST. We defined the changes in the OST from 0 to 10 seconds after eye opening as the ΔOST. We measured the FVA and blink rate using the FVA measurement system. We divided the patients into two groups based on tear film stability: stable tear film (NIBUT, >5.0 seconds) and unstable tear film (NIBUT, ≤5.0 seconds). We evaluated the differences between the two groups and the association between the blink rate and other clinical parameters. Results. The unstable tear film group (56 eyes) had significantly (p<0.0001, unpaired t-test) shorter NIBUTs than the stable tear film group (42 eyes). The ΔOSTs and blink rates were significantly (p<0.0001) higher in the unstable tear film group than in the stable group. Linear single regression analysis showed that the ΔOST (r = −0.430, p<0.0001), NIBUT (r = −0.392, p<0.0001), and gender (r = −0.370, p=0.0002) were correlated significantly with the blink rate. Multiple regression analysis showed that the ΔOST independently contributed to the blink rate. Conclusions. The frequency of blinks is associated with tear film stability in patients after cataract surgery. The blink rate may be useful for evaluating the tear film stability in clinical practice. The ΔOST should be an important contributing factor to the blink rate. [This trial is registered with UMIN000026970].

ZERNIKE ASTIGMATISM AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN MYOPIC EYES BY RIGID GAS PERMEABLE CONTACT LENSES WEAR

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250013
Author(s):  
JINHUA BAO ◽  
XINJIE MAO ◽  
HAIRONG WANG ◽  
JI C. HE ◽  
FAN LU
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Wavefront Sensor ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Spectacle Lens ◽  
Visual Improvement ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
Lens Wear

Purpose: To investigate the effects of rigid-gas-permeable contact lens (RGP-CL) wear on Zernike astigmatism and visual performance in myopic eyes. Methods: A wavefront sensor was used to evaluate Zernike astigmatism for 21 eyes with minimum astigmatism and 18 eyes with moderate astigmatism under three different modes of refractive correction: the RGP-CL, spectacle lens correcting spherical equivalent (SL) and spectacle lens fully correcting spherical error and astigmatism (fSL). Contrast visual acuity was assessed with a VA tester at four contrast levels and two luminance backgrounds. Results: Compared to the SL wear, RGP-CL wear changed the main axis astigmatism [Formula: see text] from -0.09 ± 0.34 to 0.34 ± 0.22 for the minimum astigmatism group, while the contrast VA was improved about 0.05 LogMAR (F = 8.06, p < 0.01). For the group with moderate astigmatism, significant reduction in [Formula: see text] was found for both fSL wear (t = 4.78, p < 0.001) and RGP-CL wear (t = 6.29, p < 0.0001). The changes in astigmatism were significantly correlated between the fSL and RGP-CL wears (r = 0.897, p < 0.0001 for [Formula: see text]; and r = 0.643, p = 0.004 for [Formula: see text]. Contrast VA was significantly improved for both fSL and RGP-CL wears and the improvements were significantly correlated between each other for all four contrast levels and two backgrounds. Conclusion: RGP-CL wear induces astigmatism for the eyes with minor astigmatism probably due to a correction of corneal astigmatism and thus a manifesting of the lens astigmatism. For the astigmatic eyes, RGP-CL wear has similar effect on correcting astigmatism as the spectacle lens wear with spherical-cylinder correction and also produces similar visual improvement.

scholarly journals Bilateral Transient Myopia with Sulfasalazine Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954761985538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Paz ◽  
Daniel Rappoport ◽  
Assaf Hilely ◽  
Hana Leiba
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
Caucasian Female ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: Several case reports of transient drug-induced myopia have been reported, mainly due to sulfa drugs. We present a case of a sudden and significant increase in myopia associated with initiation of Sulfasalazine for long-standing ulcerative colitis in an adult Caucasian female. Case report: Our patient presented to the emergency room with acute bilateral visual loss. Ocular examination was normal, except for myopia of −4 Diopters (D) in both eyes (BE). The patient was advised to stop the medication, and her vision improved within 4 days to best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/7.5 with a refractive correction of −0.75 D in her right eye (RE) and BCVA of 6/6 with a refractive correction of −0.50 D in her left eye (LE). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of transient Sulfasalazine-induced myopia.

scholarly journals Quality of eyeglass prescriptions from a low-cost wavefront autorefractor evaluated in rural India: results of a 708-participant field study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Durr ◽  
Shivang R Dave ◽  
Daryl Lim ◽  
Sanil Joseph ◽  
Thulasiraj D Ravilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Form Factor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of eyeglass prescriptions provided by an affordable wavefront autorefractor operated by a minimally trained technician in a low-resource setting.Methods and Analysis708 participants were recruited from consecutive patients registered for routine eye examinations at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India, or an affiliated rural satellite vision centre. Visual acuity (VA) and patient preference were compared between trial lenses set to two eyeglass prescriptions from (1) a novel wavefront autorefractor and (2) subjective refraction by an experienced refractionist.ResultsThe mean±SD VA was 0.30±0.37, –0.02±0.14 and −0.04±0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units before correction, with autorefractor correction and with subjective refraction correction, respectively (all differences p<0.01). Overall, 25% of participants had no preference, 33% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from autorefraction, and 42% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from subjective refraction (p<0.01). Of the 438 patients 40 years old and younger, 96 had no preference and the remainder had no statistically significant difference in preference for subjective refraction prescriptions (51%) versus autorefractor prescriptions (49%) (p=0.52).ConclusionAverage VAs from autorefractor-prescribed eyeglasses were one letter worse than those from subjective refraction. More than half of all participants either had no preference or preferred eyeglasses prescribed by the autorefractor. This marginal difference in quality may warrant autorefractor-based prescriptions, given the portable form factor, short measurement time, low cost and minimal training required to use the autorefractor evaluated here.

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