Succession in the Caecal Microbiota of Developing Broilers Colonised by Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli

Abstract BackgroundBroilers are among the most common and dense poultry production systems, where antimicrobials have been used extensively to promote animal health and performance. The continuous usage of antimicrobials has selected for resistant bacteria, such as e Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) . Here, we studied the ESBL-Ec prevalence and successional dynamics of the caecal microbiome of developing broilers in a commercial flock during their production life. Broilers were discriminated as ESBL-Ec colonised or not by selective culturing. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the richness, evenness and composition of the cecal microbiota of both broiler groups and assessed the combined role of age and ESBL status on the microbiota. ResultsWe observed a linear trend in the proportions of ESBL-Ec throughout the broilers' production round, X 2 (1, N = 12) = 28.4, p < .001. Over time, microbial richness was consistently higher in ESBL-Ec free broilers, but significant differences between both groups were found exclusively on day three (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = .016). Bray-Curtis distance-based RDA (BC- dbRDA) showed no explanatory power of ESBL status, while age explained 14% of the compositional variation of the caecal microbiome, F (2, 66) = 6.47, p = .001. ConclusionsThis study assessed the role of ESBL-producing E.coli in the successional dynamics of the cecal microbiome in developing broilers and shows that the presence of ESBL-producing E.coli is associated with mild but consistent reductions in alpha diversity and transient compositional differences. We also reported the clonal spread of ESBL and point to the farm environment as a likely source for ESBLs.

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The prevalence of extended spectrum bêta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated in wastewater in relation to patients hospitalized in the city of Meknes in Morocco

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131902014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 02014

Author(s):

Khadija Ouarrak ◽

Abdelkader Chahlaoui ◽

Hajar El Omari ◽

Imane Taha ◽

Rachid Sammoudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Animal Health ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

The City

The present study was conducted to better understand the specific contingency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from urban waters of Wadi Ouislane of the city of Meknes, compared to isolates from patients hospitalized in the resuscitation department at Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes, Morocco. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become ubiquitous in effluents, creating increasing concern about their potential impact on human and animal health and the environment. We took four samples of wastewater representative of a day, effluents of the wadi Ouislane. They were analyzed for indicator germs of fecal pollution, namely total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Bacteria were enumerated by the dilution-filtration technique and by incorporation in solid medium in supercooling. However, four bacteriological samples, taken for clinical purposes from hospitalized patients, were performed at the medical analysis laboratory of Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes. Analysis of our results showed that ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria isolated from our effluents had the same antibiotic resistance profiles as those from hospitalized patients. Urban wastewater discharges into the environment contribute to the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli that may pose health risks to the population.

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Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ready-to-Eat Street Foods

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 850

Author(s):

Shobha Giri ◽

Vaishnavi Kudva ◽

Kalidas Shetty ◽

Veena Shetty

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Safety ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

As the global urban populations increase with rapid migration from rural areas, ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are posing food safety challenges where street foods are prepared with less structured food safety guidelines in small and roadside outlets. The increased presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in street foods is a significant risk for human health because of its epidemiological significance. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become important and dangerous foodborne pathogens globally for their relevance to antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential burden of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae contaminating RTE street foods and to assess the microbiological quality of foods in a typical emerging and growing urban suburb of India where RTE street foods are rapidly establishing with public health implications. A total of 100 RTE food samples were collected of which, 22.88% were E. coli and 27.12% K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 25.42%, isolated mostly from chutneys, salads, paani puri, and chicken. Antimicrobial resistance was observed towards cefepime (72.9%), imipenem (55.9%), cefotaxime (52.5%), and meropenem (16.9%) with 86.44% of the isolates with MAR index above 0.22. Among β-lactamase encoding genes, blaTEM (40.68%) was the most prevalent followed by blaCTX (32.20%) and blaSHV (10.17%). blaNDM gene was detected in 20.34% of the isolates. This study indicated that contaminated RTE street foods present health risks to consumers and there is a high potential of transferring multi-drug-resistant bacteria from foods to humans and from person to person as pathogens or as commensal residents of the human gut leading to challenges for subsequent therapeutic treatments.

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Role of the Ser-287-Asn Replacement in the Hydrolysis Spectrum Extension of AmpC β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00608-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 323-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hedi Mammeri ◽

Moreno Galleni ◽

Patrice Nordmann

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Catalytic Efficiency ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Group A

ABSTRACT Two AmpC variants harboring the S287N substitution were obtained by mutagenesis from cephalosporinases representative of the phylogenetic groups A and B2 of Escherichia coli. Their biochemical characterization revealed that the S287N replacement led to an important increase in the catalytic efficiency toward extended-spectrum cephalosporins in the AmpC β-lactamase of group A only.

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Competitive Exclusion Reduces Transmission and Excretion of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broilers

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03439-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Daniela Ceccarelli ◽

Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen ◽

Bregtje Smid ◽

Kees T. Veldman ◽

Gert Jan Boender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Competitive Exclusion ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Probiotic Product

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) are enzymes able to hydrolyze a large variety of β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams. Broilers and broiler meat products can be highly contaminated with ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli strains, also known as extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli strains, and can be a source for human infections. As few data on interventions to reduce the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli in broilers are available, we used transmission experiments to examine the role of competitive exclusion (CE) on reducing transmission and excretion in broilers. A broiler model to study the transmission of ESC-resistant E. coli was set up. Day-old chickens were challenged with an ESBL-producing E. coli strain isolated from healthy broilers in the Netherlands. Challenged and not challenged chicks were housed together in pairs or in groups, and ESBL-producing E. coli transmission was monitored via selective culturing of cloacal swab specimens. We observed a statistically significant reduction in both the transmission and excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli in chicks treated with the probiotic flora before E. coli challenge compared to the transmission and excretion in untreated controls. In conclusion, our results support the use of competitive exclusion as an intervention strategy to control ESC-resistant E. coli in the field. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases are a primary cause of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals, and the environment. Food-producing animals are not exempt from this, with a high prevalence being seen in broilers, and there is evidence pointing to a possible foodborne source for human contamination. We investigated the effect of administration of a commercial probiotic product as an intervention to reduce the amount of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in broilers. Our results showed a substantial reduction in the level of colonization of broiler intestines by ESBL-producing E. coli after administration of commercial probiotic product. The protective effect provided by these probiotics could be implemented on a larger scale in poultry production. Reductions in the levels of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the food chain would considerably benefit public health.

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Fast and slow-growing breeds: characterisation of broiler caecal microbiota development throughout the growing period

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22748/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Montoro Dasí ◽

Arantxa Villagra ◽

Maria de Toro ◽

María Teresa Pérez-Gracia ◽

Santiago Vega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Animal Health ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Growing Period ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Caecal Microbiota

Abstract Background: The caecal microbiota and its modulation play an important role in animal health, productivity and disease control in poultry production. In this sense, it could be considered as a biomarker of poultry health. Furthermore, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and the increasing social pressure to establish animal-friendly management on farms, producers are motivated to select more extensive and antibiotic-free breeds. It is therefore necessary to gain better knowledge on the development of major bacteria in healthy broilers, both in commercial fast-growing and in new slow-growing breeds. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterise caecal microbiota in two genetic poultry breeds throughout the growing period using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Results: A total of 50 caecal pools (25 per breed) were sequenced by the 16S rRNA method. The complexity of caecal microbiota composition increased significantly as animals grew. Furthermore, there were statistical differences between breeds at the end of the growing period. The dominant phyla throughout the production cycle were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The predominantly identified genera were Ruminococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp.Conclusion: The results showed that the main caecal bacteria for both breeds were similar. Thus, these phyla or genera should be considered as biomarkers of poultry health in the evaluation of different treatments applied to animals.

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Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and residual antimicrobials in the environment in Vietnam

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252317000160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shinji Yamasaki ◽

Tuyen Danh Le ◽

Mai Quang Vien ◽

Chinh Van Dang ◽

Yoshimasa Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Critical Role ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Human Beings ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Food Animals ◽

High Level

AbstractEmergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, have become serious problems worldwide. Recent studies conducted in Vietnam revealed that ESBL-producing E. coli are widely distributed in food animals and people. CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 are the most prevalent β-lactamases among the identified ESBLs. Furthermore, most of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Residual antimicrobials such as sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfadimidine, cephalexin, and sulfadiazine were also detected at a high level in both animal meats and environmental water collected from several cities, including Ho Chi Minh city and Can Tho city. These recent studies indicated that improper use of antimicrobials in animal-originated food production might contribute to the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam. Although clonal ESBL-producing E. coli was not identified, CTX-M-55 gene-carrying plasmids with similar sizes (105–139 kb) have been commonly detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from various food animals and human beings. This finding strongly suggests that horizontal transfer of the CTX-M plasmid among various E. coli strains played a critical role in the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam.

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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Meningitis and Cerebral Abscess in a Neonate: Therapeutic Challenge

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2019/6874192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Surasak Puvabanditsin ◽

Marianne Jacob ◽

Maaz Jalil ◽

Samhita Bhattarai ◽

Qaiser Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cerebral Abscess ◽

Term Neonate ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Therapeutic Challenge ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

We report a case of a 12-day-old term neonate with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) meningitis and cerebral abscess. The patient received a 7-day course of antibiotics just few days prior to the infection. The incidence of infections from ESBL-producing E. coli is increasingly emerging. Antimicrobial agents must be vigilantly utilized to prevent the new highly resistant bacteria.

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ESKAPE Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Wastewater and Process Water from German Poultry Slaughterhouses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02748-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mykhailo Savin ◽

Gabriele Bierbaum ◽

Jens Andre Hammerl ◽

Céline Heinemann ◽

Marijo Parcina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Process Water ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Clinically Relevant Bacteria

ABSTRACT The wastewater of livestock slaughterhouses is considered a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may thus be important for their dissemination into the environment. To get an overview of their occurrence and characteristics, we investigated process water (n = 50) from delivery and unclean areas as well as wastewater (n = 32) from the in-house wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of two German poultry slaughterhouses (slaughterhouses S1 and S2). The samples were screened for ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) and Escherichia coli. Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and mobilizable colistin resistance genes were determined. Selected ESKAPE bacteria were epidemiologically classified using different molecular typing techniques. At least one of the target species was detected in 87.5% (n = 28/32) of the wastewater samples and 86.0% (n = 43/50) of the process water samples. The vast majority of the recovered isolates (94.9%, n = 448/472) was represented by E. coli (39.4%), the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex (32.4%), S. aureus (12.3%), and K. pneumoniae (10.8%), which were widely distributed in the delivery and unclean areas of the individual slaughterhouses, including their wastewater effluents. Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and P. aeruginosa were less abundant and made up 5.1% of the isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that the recovered isolates exhibited diverse resistance phenotypes and β-lactamase genes. In conclusion, wastewater effluents from the investigated poultry slaughterhouses exhibited clinically relevant bacteria (E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and species of the ACB and Enterobacter cloacae complexes) that contribute to the dissemination of clinically relevant resistances (i.e., blaCTX-M or blaSHV and mcr-1) in the environment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria from livestock may be opportunistic pathogens and carriers of clinically relevant resistance genes, as many antimicrobials are used in both veterinary and human medicine. They may be released into the environment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are influenced by wastewater from slaughterhouses, thereby endangering public health. Moreover, process water that accumulates during the slaughtering of poultry is an important reservoir for livestock-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria and may serve as a vector of transmission to occupationally exposed slaughterhouse employees. Mitigation solutions aimed at the reduction of the bacterial discharge into the production water circuit as well as interventions against their further transmission and dissemination need to be elaborated. Furthermore, the efficacy of in-house WWTPs needs to be questioned. Reliable data on the occurrence and diversity of clinically relevant bacteria within the slaughtering production chain and in the WWTP effluents in Germany will help to assess their impact on public and environmental health.

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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Bacteria on Fresh Vegetables in Japan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

pp. 1663-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MASARU USUI ◽

KAZUYA OZEKI ◽

TADASU KOMATSU ◽

AKIRA FUKUDA ◽

YUTAKA TAMURA

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Vegetable Samples ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Hygiene Measures ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Esbl Producers ◽

Multiple Antibiotics

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing bacteria are spreading rapidly, posing a threat to human and animal health. Contamination of vegetables with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or those harboring antimicrobial resistance genes or a combination of both presents a potential route of transmission to humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these bacteria in fresh vegetables in Japan. A total of 130 samples of fresh vegetables were collected from seven supermarkets in Japan. The predominant genus detected was Pseudomonas spp., including 10 ESBL-producing strains, isolated from 10 (7.7%) of the vegetable samples. Two ESBL genes were detected, blaTEM-116 (n = 7) and blaSHV-12 (n = 3), and some of these strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Because vegetables are often consumed raw, those contaminated with ESBL producers could represent an important route of transmission to humans in Japan. Thus, more stringent hygiene measures and monitoring are required to prevent transmission via this source.

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