scholarly journals Physiochemical effect on the microgroove microstructure in microcutting of pure copper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Geometrically Necessary Dislocation ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Grain Orientations

Abstract The physiochemical effect on the microcutting of pure copper is studied through characterization on the cross-sectioned microgroove. An obvious reduction in cutting force and thrust force can be obtained with the application of ink surfactant. The surface roughness of microgroove with physiochemical effect is 12 nm, and that without physiochemical effect is 17 nm. The average grain size of the ink-affected sample is 67.9 µm within the microgroove zone, and that of the ink-free sample is 48.3 µm within the microgroove zone, moreover, the grain size of ink-free microgroove near the microgroove surface is larger than that far away from the microgroove surface. Additionally, the grain orientations of ink-affected cross-sectioned surface present anisotropy, while that of ink-free cross-sectioned surface are towards {101} direction. Based on the calculation and analysis of geometrically necessary dislocation, it can be inferred that the induced stress and temperature in the sample with physiochemical effect are higher than that without physiochemical effect, which can provide enough driving energy for recrystallization.

scholarly journals Physiochemical effect on the microgroove microstructure in microcutting of pure copper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Geometrically Necessary Dislocation ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Grain Orientations

Abstract Physiochemical effect on the machining of pure copper is studied via microstructure characterization on the cross-sectioned microgroove. An obvious decreased cutting force and thrust force were obtained with the application of surfactant. The surface roughness of microgroove with physiochemical effect is 12 nm, and that without physiochemical effect is 17 nm. The average grain size of the medium-affected sample is 67.9 µm within the microgroove zone, and that of the medium-free sample is 48.3 µm within the microgroove zone, moreover, the grain size of medium-free microgroove near the microgroove surface is larger than that far away from the microgroove surface. Additionally, the grain orientations of medium-affected cross-sectioned surface present anisotropy, while that of medium-free cross-sectioned surface are towards {101} direction. Based on the calculation and analysis of geometrically necessary dislocation, it can be inferred that the induced stress and temperature in the sample with physiochemical effect are higher than that without physiochemical effect, which can provide enough driving energy for recrystallization.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECAP Processed Copper: Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture and Hardness Homogeneity

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
A. I. Alateyah ◽  
Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed ◽  
Yasser Zedan ◽  
H. Abd El-Hafez ◽  
Majed O. Alawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Average Grain Size

The current study presents a detailed investigation for the equal channel angular pressing of pure copper through two regimes. The first was equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing at room temperature and the second was ECAP processing at 200 °C for up to 4-passes of route Bc. The grain structure and texture was investigated using electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) across the whole sample cross-section and also the hardness and the tensile properties. The microstructure obtained after 1-pass at room temperature revealed finer equiaxed grains of about 3.89 µm down to submicrons with a high density of twin compared to the starting material. Additionally, a notable increase in the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) density was observed. This microstructure was found to be homogenous through the sample cross section. Further straining up to 2-passes showed a significant reduction of the average grain size to 2.97 µm with observable heterogeneous distribution of grains size. On the other hand, increasing the strain up to 4-passes enhanced the homogeneity of grain size distribution. The texture after 4-passes resembled the simple shear texture with about 7 times random. Conducting the ECAP processing at 200 °C resulted in a severely deformed microstructure with the highest fraction of submicron grains and high density of substructures was also observed. ECAP processing through 4-passes at room temperature experienced a significant increase in both hardness and tensile strength up to 180% and 124%, respectively.

Grain Structure and Surface Roughness of Four Commercial NiTi Orthodontic Archwires

2017 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Wassana Wichai ◽  
Rutchadakorn Isarapatanapong ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Electron Mode ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Orthodontic Archwires

This study investigated four commercially available NiTi orthodontic archwires from different manufactures for their grain structure and surface roughness.Four commercially available pre-formed NiTi orthodontic archwire (Ormco, Sentalloy, Highland and NIC) with diameter 0.016 x 0.022 inch2 were tested. The wire samples were polished and etched to evaluate the morphology and structure of wire surface. Each NiTi archwire was investigated under a reflected light microscope of an Optical Microscope to analyze its grain structure and size, in longitudinal surfaces. The surfaces of wire were qualitatively examined in the secondary electron mode at common magnification (500X). The surface roughness was also evaluated by a surface roughness tester. The descriptive statistic was evaluated the mean and standard deviation of surface roughness and Medcale T-Test was to test the mean difference of the surface roughness in each brands. This study showed an average grain size of 2-8 μm for each NiTi archwire. The wire surface of Ormco and Highland showed straiations along the longitudinal axes, however Sentalloy and NIC showed small pores on the wire surface. The surface roughness was 0.09 μm for Highland, 0.25 μm for Sentalloy, 0.28 μm for Ormco and 0.46 μm for NIC archwire. The Highland was smoothest and NIC was the roughest. There were in significant (p < 0.05) difference of surface roughness of each brands. The results showed that the four manufactures NiTi archwires were different in grain size, wire surface and surface roughness. During clinical application, these archwires may exhibit different mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, ductity, and friction because of their microstructure.

The Effect of Cutting Force Vibration on Machining Quality for Reaming ZL102 Alloy with PCD Step Reamer

2018 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
X.D. Wang ◽  
W.L. Ge ◽  
Y.G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Force Vibration

The characteristics of cutting forces vibration and its effects to the hole quality in reaming aluminum cast alloy using a poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) step reamer in dry and wet conditions were studied. First, centrifugal force vibration model of the PCD step reamer during machining process was established and through the analysis of the model, it can be concluded that the maximum amplitude of the vibration is positively related to the angular velocity of the reamer. Then, thrust force and cutting torque were measured by a Kistler Dynamometer during reaming process and these vibration frequency and amplitude were analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Hole quality was evaluated by hole diameter and surface roughness. Results show that, as the spindle speed increases, the stability of thrust force and cutting torque deteriorates gradually, and there was a severe vibration in the cutting force and the surface roughness when the spindle speed reached 10000 rpm in wet and 7000 rpm in dry cutting conditions. Compared the variation of hole surface roughness and vibration characteristic of cutting forces, it can be observed that the trends are very consistent, the surface roughness deteriorates when cutting forces become unstable. Therefore,the cutting forces stability was an important factor that influence the hole quality. Cutting fluid has a positive effect to stabilize the reaming process and was beneficial to improve the hole quality.

Structural, morphology and electrical properties of layered copper selenide thin film

Open Physics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ying Chyi Liew ◽  
Zainal Talib ◽  
W. Mahmood ◽  
M. Yunus ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Copper Selenide ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Evaporation Technique

AbstractThin films of copper selenide (CuSe) were physically deposited layer-by-layer up to 5 layers using thermal evaporation technique onto a glass substrate. Various film properties, including the thickness, structure, morphology, surface roughness, average grain size and electrical conductivity are studied and discussed. These properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometer and 4 point probe at room temperature. The dependence of electrical conductivity, surface roughness, and average grain size on number of layers deposited is discussed.

scholarly journals Material microstructure effects in micro-endmilling of Cu99.9E

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Elkaseer ◽  
SS Dimov ◽  
DT Pham ◽  
KP Popov ◽  
L Olejnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Micro Milling ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Material Microstructure ◽  
Micro Cutting ◽  
Minimum Chip Thickness ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Material Homogeneity

This article presents an investigation of the machining response of metallurgically and mechanically modified materials at the micro-scale. Tests were conducted that involved micro-milling slots in coarse-grained Cu99.9E with an average grain size of 30 µm and ultrafine-grained Cu99.9E with an average grain size of 200 nm, produced by equal channel angular pressing. A new method based on atomic force microscope measurements is proposed for assessing the effects of material homogeneity changes on the minimum chip thickness required for a robust micro-cutting process with a minimum surface roughness. The investigation has shown that by refining the material microstructure the minimum chip thickness can be reduced and a high surface finish can be obtained. Also, it was concluded that material homogeneity improvements lead to a reduction in surface roughness and surface defects in micro-cutting.

Study of Cutting Force and Surface Roughness on Drilling Stainless Steel 316L under Various Coolant Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
K. Kamdani ◽  
A.A. Hamsah ◽  
N.H. Rafai ◽  
M.Z. Rahim ◽  
C.K. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Drilling Condition

Drilling is the metal cutting process that are widely used in industrial sector such as in aerospace, automotive and manufacturing to produce a various of durable parts. Stainless steels in general are regarded as difficult to machine materials due to their high tendency to work harden; their toughness and relatively low thermal conductivity. In this research, the experimental setup for the effect of various parameters on drill performance in term of cutting force and surface roughness. Stainless steel 316L used as workpiece and uncoated tungsten carbide drill bit as the tool. From the experimental investigation, the results show that internal coolant with helix angle of 40 and feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev condition is the best drilling condition in term of thrust force and surface roughness. By observation on experiment, MQL coolant condition give highest thrust force while internal coolant is best condition to have most minimum force. For internal coolant, MQL and external supply, the optimum helix angle to obtain low surface roughness is 15° and 40°.

scholarly journals Influence of parameters of deep grinding on nanohardness and surface roughness of C45 steel

Mechanik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1028
Author(s):  
Mariusz Deja ◽  
Alicja Stanisławska ◽  
Marek Szkodo ◽  
Karolina Wszelak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Average Grain Size

The paper presents the results of investigations on the effect of the depth of concurrent grinding of flat surfaces on the roughness and nano-hardness of the surface layer of C45 steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and average grain size of 20 μm. A significant increase in the hardness of the surface layer of the workpiece was obtained for all grinding depths.

Microstructure Prediction during Hot Deformation Using New Dynamic Recrystallization Model and Finite Element Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
Ho Won Lee ◽  
Young Seon Lee ◽  
Seong Hoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Average Grain Size

In this study, dynamic recrystallization during nonisothermal hot deformation was numerically simulated by finite element analysis and new physically based dynamic recrystallization model. The dynamic recrystallization model was developed based on mean field approach by assuming grain aggregate as representative volume element. For each grain aggregate, changes of state variables such as dislocation density and grain size were calculated using three sub-models for work hardening, nucleation, and nucleus growth. The developed dynamic recrystallization model was validated by comparing with isothermal hot compression of pure copper. Finally, developed dynamic recrystallization model was combined with finite element method to predict the local changes of microstructure and average grain size during nonisothermal hot compression of pure copper and hot tube extrusion of austenitic stainless steel. The simulation results were in reasonably good agreement with experimentally determined microstructures.

Investigation on the anisotropy behavior of copper strips processed by a combination of FSP and ECAP

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110095
Author(s):  
PM Keshtiban ◽  
R Abdi Behnagh ◽  
F Bashirzadeh ◽  
Rasol Javadzadeh ◽  
Abolfazl Mohsenzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Copper Sheet ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Refined Microstructure ◽  
Average Grain Size

In this study, friction stir processed (FSP) pure copper sheet was equal channel angular pressed (ECAP). The purpose was to investigate the influence of ECAP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the FSP-treated copper sheet. The dynamically recrystallized grained structure with the average grain size of ∼13 µm was found in the stir zone of the FSP. It was also revealed that FSP caused the enhancement of ultimate tensile strength compared to that of the base metal. Also, it was observed that ECAP led to further grain refinement and a tighter distribution of grains. A refined microstructure with an average grain size of ∼ 2 µm was achieved in copper sheets through FSP, followed by ECAP. The tensile strengths of the ECAP specimens were significantly increased to about 61 and 50% compared to the strengths of base metal and FSP, respectively. An overview of the results of this study showed that combined FSP/ECAP is an effective method for the mechanical improvement of the pure copper sheets.

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