Conventional Low-density Particleboards Produced With Particles From Mauritia Flexuosa and Eucalyptus Spp. Wood

Abstract The use of alternative raw materials to produce particleboards is an interesting strategy to add value to lignocellulosic biomass and diversify the forest products industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for using Mauritia flexuosa particles in association with Eucalyptus spp. wood for the production of particleboards. Prior to the production of the panels, the raw materials were evaluated for basic density and chemical composition. The panels were produced with particles of Eucalyptus spp. and Mauritia flexuosa in mass proportions of 100/0%, 90/10%, 80/20%, 70/30% and 60/40%, respectively. The quality of the particleboards was evaluated by water absorption and thickness swelling, internal bonding and static bending tests. As Eucalyptus spp. particles were replaced by Mauritia flexuosa, the panels showed less dimensional stability, due to the fact that the compression ratio increased due to the lower density of Mauritia flexuosa particles. The substitution of 1% of Mauritia flexuosa particles caused a reduction of 10.49 MPa for MOE, 0.09 MPa for MOR and 0.01 MPa for internal bonding. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to replace up to 17.5% of Eucalyptus spp. wood with particles from Mauritia flexuosa so that the panels have physical and mechanical properties appropriate to the marketing standards.

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Innovations in the Forest Products Industry: The Malaysian Experience

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4129339 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jegatheswaran RATNASINGAM ◽

Lim Tau WAI ◽

Ganesh THANASEGARAN ◽

Florin IORAS ◽

Cristina VACALIE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Forest Products ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Forest Products Industry ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

The Government ◽

Market Needs

The forest products industry is an important socioeconomic sector to many developing countries, both in terms of foreign exchange earnings and employment. In the case of Malaysia, the industry has been one of the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the country, driven primarily by comparative advantages derived from factor inputs. However, with increasing competition from other cheaper producing nations particularly China and Vietnam, the Malaysian forest products industry is forced to transform and move along the value-chain through innovation and value-addition. Although the government has played a pivotal role in providing a broad policy framework to support value-adding and innovative activities, success on the ground has been limited. The creativity environment, which is plagued with by low-wage economy, coupled with limited network between research, market and industrial enterprises have stifled innovation within the industry. The lack of information and the poor quality human capital has also contributed to the limited innovation within the forest products industry in the country. Against this background, most innovation within the industry is confined to the realms of alternative raw materials, with minimal technological and design variations. Although extensive research and development activities are undertaken, the commercialization potential of the research outputs is limited due to being not market-driven. Inevitably, innovation in the forest products sector must be based on market-needs and must be driven through technological and design change in order to ensure long-term competitiveness.

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KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA BERDASARKAN JUMLAH LAPISAN PENYUSUN

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v7i1.23665 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mayang Archila ◽

Farah Diba ◽

Dina Setyawati ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Composite Board ◽

Average Value ◽

Composite Layers ◽

Sago Bark

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the number of composite layers on the quality of the composite board from sago bark waste and plastic waste, and the number of composite layers that produce the best quality on composite board. The composite board is made with size 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The composition and division of the material was carried out manually with the polypropylene distribution divided into three parts: the front and rear respectively of 15%, and the center 70% of the plastic weight. Target density of composite boards was 0.7 g / cm3. The treatment used is based on the number of layers composing, which is 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers and 13 layers. After mixed the sago bark particle and waste of polypropylene, the materials then compressed with hot press at 180oC with pressure about ± 25 kg / cm2 for 10 minutes. The composite boards then tested the quality included physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Physical properties consist of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. Mechanical properties consist of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, and modulus of screw holding strength. The study used a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed the average value of composite density was range between 0.6962 – 0.7896 g/cm3, the moisture content was range between 4.3388 % - 6.8066%, the thickness swelling was range between 8.2605% - 11.9615%, and water absorption was range between 17.2380% - 22.3867%. The average value of modulus of rupture was range between 60,0632 kg/cm2 – 64,4068 kg/cm2, the modulus of elasticity was range between 17935,1813g/cm2 – 32841,8278 kg/cm2, the internal bonding was range between 1,9268 kg/cm2 - 5,4119 kg/cm2, and the modulus of screw holding strength was range between 78,2530 kg/cm2 – 92,9677 kg/cm2. The composite board made from sago stem bark waste and polypropylene waste plastic with 13 layers treatment is the best composite board and fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Keywords: bark of sago, composite boards, layer of composite, polypropylenes plastic, waste

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Log Truck Value Analysis from Increased Rail Usage

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11060677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Sangpil Ko ◽

Pasi Lautala ◽

Kuilin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Forest Products ◽

Forest Products Industry ◽

Upper Midwest ◽

Time Efficiency ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Fuel Prices ◽

The Impact

Over the past several decades, the transportation of raw materials (logs) has increasingly shifted from the railway to trucks. However, the long-term sustainability of this shift is being questioned due to the shortage of truck drivers, fluctuation of fuel prices, and changes in hours of service laws. The industry is interested in the possibility to shift more logs back to the railway but the impact of such a shift on truckers has not been investigated. This study attempted to quantify the impact of such a change on the operations of log truckers by calculating time efficiency (percentage of daily hours of service for revenue activities) and value efficiency (average loaded versus total ton-kilometers per day) between a truck only and multimodal (truck/rail) alternatives. We used actual data from the forest products industry companies and truck performance data from an earlier study to investigate the impact through case studies in four different locations of the upper Midwest, US. The results of our analysis revealed that in three out of our four case studies, re-routing log movements through rail yard/siding improved the time efficiency and value efficiency. Finally, our sensitivity analysis found that increases in average truck speed and maximum hours or service had higher impact on multimodal transportation than in truck-only system.

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Dispersing the Charge as a Way to Improve the Quality of Ceramic Bricks

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 931 ◽

pp. 558-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viktoriya A. Guryeva ◽

Viktor V. Dubineckij ◽

Aleksandr V. Doroshin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Original Composition ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Drill Cuttings ◽

Additional Processing ◽

Grinding Time

Investigations of the influence of dispersion of feedstock on the basis of clay of the Buguruslan deposit and drill cuttings from the facilities of PJSC «Orenburgneft» have been carried out, it is revealed that as the grinding time increases, the content of clay and dust particles increases. Intensive sintering of the samples between 1000 °C and 1100 °C has been established, which is confirmed by the compaction of the samples and the decrease in the water absorption of the ceramic masses. Minimal water absorption, within 2.35%, showed a sample of 3-hour grinding, and a sample of a 2-hour grinding of 8.34%. As a result of the study of dispersion of the charge on the basis of clay raw materials and drill cuttings, it was found that by subjecting the original composition to additional processing, within 2 hours, the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic bricks can be improved.

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Hardwood Log Grading in the United States—Part 1: A Historical Perspective

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-18-00023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 110-123

Author(s):

Curt C. Hassler ◽

Shawn T. Grushecky ◽

Lawrence E. Osborn ◽

Joseph F. McNeel

Keyword(s):

Historical Perspective ◽

Forest Products ◽

The United States ◽

Forest Products Industry ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

For Profit ◽

Grading Systems ◽

The Us ◽

Accepted Standard

Abstract The ability to efficiently and consistently characterize the quality of hardwood sawlogs is an indispensable part of operating a hardwood sawmill. And it is equally important for buyers and sellers of hardwood logs to negotiate prices on a uniform basis of both scale and grade. While scaling of logs is relatively straightforward, assuming buyer and seller agree on a specific log rule to use (e.g., Doyle, Scriber, International), grading logs for the purposes of evaluating quality is more complex. Hardwood log grading is an essential component of any hardwood sawmill's operation and effectively sets the stage for profit or loss. Various efforts have been made to develop a standardized log grading system by both the forest products industry and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDAFS) since the beginning of the 20th century. However, even after over a century of effort, there is still no broadly accepted standard for grading hardwood logs. The purpose of this article is to document the historical evolution of hardwood log grading systems. Understanding the development of hardwood log grading systems over time can help to produce a better log grading standard in the future.

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SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH PINANG DAN LIMBAH KAYU GERGAJIAN DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v9i2.46787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Asmawati Wurya Sari ◽

M Dirhamsyah ◽

Yuliati Indrayani

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Betel Nut ◽

Particle Board ◽

Composition Ratio

This research aimed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content as well as their interaction with the optimum quality of particle boards that meet JIS A 5908-2003 standards. The particleboard was made with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0.7 g/cm³. The pressing was done at a temperature of 140°C for 8 minutes with a pressure of 25 kg/cm². The composition ratio of betel nut peel waste and sawdust varied, namely 60% betel nut peel waste: 40% sawdust, 50% betel nut peel waste: 50% sawdust, and 40% betel nut peel waste: sawdust 60%. The adhesive used was Urea Formaldehyde with a concentration of 12%, 14%, and 16%. The results showed that all test values met the JIS A 5908: 2003 standard except the MOE test. The optimum value of particle board of betel nut peel and sawdust was with a composition ratio of 50% betel nut peel waste: 50% sawdust, 16% adhesive content, with a density value of 0.6876 g/cm³, a moisture content of 9,4530%, water absorption 34,5306%, thickness expansion 8,2508%, MOE 12432,6243 kg/cm², MOR 205,8462 kg/cm², adhesive firmness 2,2530 kg/cm², screw holding strength 81,6861 kg/cm².Keywords: adhesive content, betel nut peel waste, material composition, mechanical properties, particleboard, physical.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel berdasarkan komposisi bahan baku dan kadar perekat serta interaksi keduanya terhadap kualitas papan partikel yang optimum serta memenuhi standar JIS A 5908-2003. Papan partikel dibuat dengan ukuran 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm dengan target kerapatan 0,7 g/cm³. Pengepresan pada suhu 140°C selama 8 menit dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm². Perbandingan komposisi kulit buah pinang dan serbuk kayu gergaji bervariasi yaitu kulit buah pinang 60% : serbuk kayu gergaji 40%, kulit buah pinang 50% : serbuk kayu gergaji 50% dan kulit buah pinang 40% : serbuk kayu gergaji 60%. Perekat yang digunakan adalah Urea Formaldehida dengan konsentrasi 12%, 14% dan 16%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua nilai uji memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 : 2003 kecuali uji MOE. Nilai papan partikel kulit buah pinang dan serbuk kayu gergaji optimum dengan perbandingan komposisi kulit buah pinang 50% : serbuk kayu gergaji 50%, kadar perekat 16%, dengan nilai densitas 0,6876 g/cm³, kadar air 9,4530%, daya serap air 34,5306%, pengembangan tebal 8,2508%, MOE 12432,6243 kg/cm², MOR 205,8462 kg/cm², Keteguhan rekat 2,2530 kg/cm², kekuatan menahan sekrup 81,6861 kg/cm².Kata kunci : papan partikel, kadar perekat, kulit buah pinang, komposisi bahan, sifat fisik dan mekanik.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PASIR PADA ENDAPAN LUMPUR DANAU LIMBOTO SEBAGAI PEMBUATAN BATU BATA

Gorontalo Journal of Infrastructure and Science Engineering ◽

10.32662/gojise.v1i2.433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Ilyas Ichsan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sand Mixture ◽

The Right ◽

Lake Sludge

Research on the use of limboto lake sludge as raw material for bricks by adding sand as a mixture of materials using experimental quantitative research. In the study used limboto lake silt with sand mixture with variations of2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%. Related variables are physical and mechanical properties of bricks. The controlling variable is the materials used.The results showed that bricks with raw material from limboto lake sludge with a mixture of sand with variations of 2%,5%, 7%, 10% and 15% did not produce the right composition to have the same quality of bricks with bricks using raw materials clay. Penelitian pemanfaatan endapan lumpur danau limboto sebagai bahan baku batu bata dengan penambahan pasir sebagai bahan campurnya menggunakan penalitian kuantitatif yang bersifat eksperimen. Dalam penelitian digunakan bahan endapan lumpur danau limboto dengan campuran pasir dengan variasi 2%, 5%, 7%, 10% dan 15%. Variabel terkait berupa sifat fisik dan mekanik batu bata. Variabel pengendali adalah bahan-bahan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa batu bata dengan bahan baku endapan lumpur danau limboto dengan campuran pasir dengan variasi 2%, 5%, 7% 10% dan 15% tidak menghasilkan komposisi yang tepat untuk memiliki kualitas batu bata yang sama dengan batu bata yang menggunakan bahan baku tanah liat.

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Construction of an economic model for prospective forest products manufacturing facilities

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.2.3874-3887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 3874-3887

Author(s):

J. William Griffin ◽

R. Daniel Seale ◽

Frank C. Owens ◽

Laura A. Grace

Keyword(s):

Economic Model ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

State Level ◽

Forest Products ◽

Forest Products Industry ◽

Timber Supply ◽

Level Data ◽

Financial Metrics

In recent years, the capital investment amounts flowing into the forest products industry in the southeastern United States have been unequal from state to state. Reasons for this have been informally hypothesized, but the topic has not been researched in depth. An economic model was tested that will aid relevant stakeholders in addressing this problem. The model utilizes a combination of county-level and state-level data related to lumber manufacturing and a linear programming solver to produce estimates of variable costs for a mill built in any Southeastern county. The variable costs considered by the program include raw materials, labor, electricity, and transportation costs (which are paid by the customer). Future versions of the model will consider non-financial metrics such as timber supply, socioeconomic statistics, and competition for timber-consuming facilities. This model could be exceptionally useful to those involved in industry recruitment efforts, as it provides them with an objective method for evaluating counties in both their state and competing states.

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Eucalyptus wood and coffee parchment for particleboard production: Physical and mechanical properties

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017412038616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽

Andrey de Oliveira Costa ◽

José Benedito Guimarães Júnior ◽

Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Renewable Materials ◽

Wood Panel ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Pressing Cycle

ABSTRACT The wood panel industry is constantly growing, being necessary the innovation in technologies and raw materials to improve the quality of the final product. Considering the shortage and pressure to decrease the dependence of wood, there is an interest in other renewable materials such as agricultural wastes. Among these wastes, coffee parchment is one which deserves notoriety. An alternative use for coffee parchment could be for production of particleboard in association with wood particles. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee parchment for production of particleboard. The following percentages of wastes were used: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% in association to eucalyptus wood. The panels were produced with 8% of urea formaldehyde (based on dry weight of particles). The pressing cycle consisted by: pre-pressing of 0.5 MPa for 10 minutes followed by pressing of 4.0 MPa, and temperature of 160° C for 15 minutes. The compaction ratio of particleboards produced using higher quantities of parchment improved the physical properties. The properties of Water Absorption (2 and 24 h) and Thickness Swelling (2 h) decreased with increasing percentage of coffee parchment. The Thickness Swelling (24 h) showed not significant effect with an increase of coffee waste. The Modulus of Elasticity for coffee parchment particleboards was in the range 646.49 ± 112.65 to 402.03 ± 66.24 MPa, while the Modulus of Rupture ranged from 8.18 ± 1.39 to 4.45 ± 0.75 MPa. The results showed that 10% of coffee parchment could be added for production of particleboards.

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Use of Sugarcane Bagasse for Particleboard Production

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.163 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 634 ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

Stefânia Lima Oliveira ◽

Ticyane Pereira Freire

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Pressing Temperature ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Value Add

The use of agricultural residues for particleboard manufacturing increases their value-add and help meet the growing demand of raw materials for the panel industry. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of particleboards produced only with sugarcane bagasse or along with Pinus and Eucalyptus wood. The experimental design consisted of 5 treatments: T1) Eucalyptus panels, T2) Pinus panels, T3) sugarcane bagasse panels, T4) 50% Eucalyptus and 50% sugarcane bagasse panels, and T5) 50% Pinus and 50% of sugarcane bagasse panels. For each treatment, three panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, with 0.65 g/cm3 apparent density, 160°C pressing temperature, 4 MPa pressure, and 8 min of pressing time. The analyses revealed that use of sugarcane bagasse for particleboard manufacturing resulted in improved water absorption and thickness swelling properties after 2 h of immersion in water. In addition, the panels produced with bagasse only showed significant reductions in the mechanical properties. However, the use of sugarcane bagasse along with Pinus or Eucalyptus wood allowed the manufactured panels to meet all the conditions required by the CS 236-66 [1], ANSI A208.1 [2], and EN 312 [3] standards.

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