Association of accumulated number of underweight with occurrence of tuberculosis

Abstract Underweight might be a risk factor of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between duration of underweight and occurrence of TB is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in occurrence of TB according to the cumulative number of underweight in an intermediate TB burden country. The National Health Insurance database was used. Eligible subjects were individuals without history of TB before 2006, and who underwent national health examination between January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Included individuals in the analysis were followed until 31 December 2017. Accumulated number of underweight was defined as the number of times recorded as underweight during the national health examination over four consecutive years. The primary outcome of the study was newly diagnosed TB according to accumulated number of underweight. Among a study population of 2,396,434, TB was identified in 9,322 (3.89%) cases. A high accumulated number of underweight and low body mass index (BMI) level were significantly associated with occurrence of TB. This association remained consistent after adjusting for demographic factors and underlying diseases. In stratified analysis based on age, sex, diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), and waist circumference (WC) in metabolic syndrome (MS), the accumulated number of underweight was related consistently to occurrence of TB. A high accumulated number of underweight was associated with increased risk of TB.

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Overweight Children and Adolescents: Description, Epidemiology, and Demographics

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.101.s2.497 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 101 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Richard P. Troiano ◽

Katherine M. Flegal

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

National Health ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Nhanes Iii ◽

Health Examination ◽

Or Education ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Overweight Prevalence

We describe prevalence and trends in overweight among children and adolescents (6 to 17 years old) in the US population and variation in the prevalence by sex, age, race-ethnicity, income, and educational level. Height and weight were measured in nationally representative surveys conducted between 1963 and 1994: cycles II (1963 to 1965) and III (1966 to 1970) of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I, 1971 to 1974; NHANES II, 1976 to 1980; and NHANES III, 1988 to 1994). Overweight was defined by the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of body mass index (BMI) from NHES II and III. BMI values between the 85th and 95th percentiles were considered an area of concern, because at this level there is increased risk for becoming overweight. Approximately 11% of children and adolescents were overweight in 1988 to 1994, and an additional 14% had a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles. The prevalence of overweight did not vary systematically with race-ethnicity, income, or education. Overweight prevalence increased over time, with the largest increase between NHANES II and NHANES III. Examination of the entire BMI distribution showed that the heaviest children were markedly heavier in NHANES III than in NHES, but the rest of the distribution of BMI showed little change. Data are limited for assessing the causes of the rapid change in the prevalence of overweight. The increased overweight prevalence in US children and adolescents may be one manifestation of a more general set of societal effects. Childhood overweight should be addressed from a public health perspective.

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Hypertension Burden and the Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 919-928

Author(s):

So-Ryoung Lee ◽

Chan Soon Park ◽

Eue-Keun Choi ◽

Hyo-Jeong Ahn ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Burden Scale ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Korean National Health Insurance ◽

Stage 1 ◽

The Relationship

The association between the cumulative hypertension burden and the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension burden and the development of incident AF. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified 3 726 172 subjects who underwent 4 consecutive annual health checkups between 2009 and 2013, with no history of AF. During the median follow-up of 5.2 years, AF was newly diagnosed in 22 012 patients (0.59% of the total study population; 1.168 per 1000 person-years). Using the blood pressure (BP) values at each health checkup, we determined the burden of hypertension (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg), stratified as 0 to 4 per the hypertension criteria. The subjects were grouped according to hypertension burden scale 1 to 4: 20% (n=742 806), 19% (n=704 623), 19% (n=713 258), 21% (n=766 204), and 21% (n=799 281). Compared with normal people, subjects with hypertension burdens of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were associated with an 8%, 18%, 26%, and 27% increased risk of incident AF, respectively. On semiquantitative analyses with further stratification of stage 1 (systolic BP of 130–139 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 80–89 mm Hg) and stage 2 (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg) hypertension, the risk of AF increased with the hypertension burden by up to 71%. In this study, both a sustained exposure and the degree of increased BP were associated with an increased risk of incident AF. Tailored BP management should be emphasized to reduce the risk of AF.

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Rates and profile of victimization in a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764019831315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 183-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed El Missiry ◽

Marwa Abd El Meguid ◽

Ahmed Abourayah ◽

Marwa El Missiry ◽

Mohamed Hossam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽

Personal Issue ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Egyptian Patients ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Axis I

Background: Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness. Participants and Methods: A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ). Results: In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization, 64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported. Conclusion: Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.

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Diet, Lifestyle and Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Thai Population.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.1414.1414 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 1414-1414

Author(s):

Ponlapat Rojnuckarin ◽

Lantarima Bhoopat ◽

Narin Hiransuthikul ◽

Tanin Intragumtornchai

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

National Health ◽

Fast Food ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Health Examination ◽

Thai Population ◽

P Values ◽

Spicy Food ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

History Of

Abstract Abstract 1414 Poster Board I-437 Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was very low among Thais (Lancet. 1975; 1: 1357-8, Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148: 1349-53). However, recent investigations in Asian countries strongly indicated that VTE is currently much more common, approaching rates in the western countries. Meanwhile, the latest National Health Surveys showed the inadequate vegetable and fruit intakes, as well as an obvious rise in prevalence of obesity in Thai population. Therefore, changing diet and behaviors are suspected to contribute to this marked increase in the VTE incidence. Patients and Methods The case-control study was conducted. Cases were objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism. Patients with underlying cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome and arterial thrombosis were excluded. Controls are age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Body mass indices, history of alcohol intake, smoking and exercise were obtained. Food consumptions were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire modified from the Thailand National Health Examination Survey III previously validated in Thai population. Results: There were 97 cases and 195 controls. The mean age was 54.6 yr, ranging from 17-93 yr, and 70% were female. VTE was significantly associated with low vegetable intakes (below 3.5 standard servings per day) compared with controls (Odd ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-4.67), while there was no difference in fruit consumption (p values =0.53). Notably, low fish intakes (below 0.1 serving per day, OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.58-9.71) and having spicy food less than once a week (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.15-3.18) also increased the risk. The meat, fat, carbohydrate, fast food or alcohol consumptions were similar. In addition, VTE was associated with overweight (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.21-3.62) and obesity (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.46-6.74, p values = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, estrogen uses also increased the risk of VTE (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.05-13.20, p=0.02), while smoking and lack of exercise did not. Conclusions: Low vegetable, fish and spicy food intakes, as well as obesity and hormonal uses, are the risk factors for VTE in Thai population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Predictors of survival with Alzheimer's disease: a community-based study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700028191 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Carol Jagger ◽

Michael Clarke ◽

Andrew Stone

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Community Based ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Study Population ◽

Heavy Alcohol Use

SynopsisFactors associated with reduced survival were investigated in elderly people diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in those free of dementia at diagnosis. The study population comprised 155 people free of dementia and 222 with AD; all were aged 75 years and over and were part of a two-stage prevalence study of dementia during 1988 in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire. An increased risk of death was found for those with a history of heavy alcohol use, lower cognitive function, a history of heart failure and those in institutional care, these factors acting in the same manner for persons free of dementia and those with AD. For the non-demented group a greater risk of death was found with increasing age and for those with a history of cancer. A greater risk of death was found for males with AD compared to females with the risk increasing over time. The longer survival of women over men may explain the sex differences found in the prevalence of AD without accompanying differences in incidence.

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Association between height and the risk of primary brain malignancy in adults: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab098 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Ahn ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

Jung Eun Lee ◽

Sin-Soo Jeun ◽

Yong Moon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Asian Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Examination ◽

National Health Insurance System ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Korean National Health Insurance ◽

Using Data ◽

Brain Malignancy

Abstract Purpose The association between height and the risk of developing primary brain malignancy remains unclear. We evaluated the association between height and risk of primary brain malignancy based on a nationwide population-based database of Koreans. Methods Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 6,833,744 people over 20 years of age that underwent regular national health examination were followed from January 2009 until the end of 2017. We documented 4,771 cases of primary brain malignancy based on an ICD-10 code of C71 during the median follow-up period of 7.30 years and 49,877,983 person-years. Results When dividing the population into quartiles of height for each age group and sex, people within the highest height quartile had a significantly higher risk of brain malignancy, compared to those within the lowest height quartile (HR 1.21 CI 1.18–1.32) after adjusting for potential confounders. We also found that the risk of primary brain malignancy increased in proportion with the quartile increase in height. After analyzing subgroups based on older age (≥ 65) and sex, we found positive relationships between height and primary brain malignancy in all subgroups. Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that height is associated with increased risk of primary brain malignancy in the East-Asian population. Further prospective and larger studies with precise designs are needed to validate our findings.

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Hypertension burden and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euab116.508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

SR Lee ◽

CS Park ◽

EK Choi ◽

HJ Ahn ◽

KD Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Population Based ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Burden Scale ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Stage 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The association between the cumulative hypertension burden and the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. Purpose We aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension burden and the development of incident AF. Methods and Results: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified 3,726,172 subjects who underwent four consecutive annual health checkups between 2009 and 2013, with no history of AF. During the median follow-up of 5.2 years, AF was newly diagnosed in 22,012 patients (0.59% of the total study population, 1.168 per 1,000 person-years). Using the BP values at each health checkup, we determined the burden of hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥80 mmHg), stratified as 0 to 4 per the hypertension criteria. The subjects were grouped according to hypertension burden scale 1 to 4: 20% (n = 742,806), 19% (n = 704,623), 19% (n = 713,258), 21% (n = 766,204), and 21% (n = 799,281). Compared to normal people, subjects with hypertension burdens of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were associated with an 8%, 18%, 26%, and 27% increased risk of incident AF, respectively. On semi-quantitative analyses with further stratification of stage 1 (SBP 130-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg) and stage 2 (SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg) hypertension, the risk of AF increased with the hypertension burden by up to 71%. Conclusions Both a sustained exposure and the degree of increased blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of incident AF. Tailored blood pressure management should be emphasized to reduce the risk of AF. Abstract Figure.

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Associations between factors related to atopic disease and glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672118771837 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 598-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria L Tseng ◽

Janet Lee ◽

Fei Yu ◽

Omar Sirsy ◽

Anne L Coleman

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

National Health ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Atopic Diseases ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Multistage Sampling

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested associations between glaucoma and serum sensitization to specific allergens. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between inciting factors for atopic disease, atopic diseases and symptoms, and glaucoma in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The study population included adult participants of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. Inciting factors for atopic disease included pet ownership, mildew/musty smell in home, cockroaches in home, use of water treatment devices, and crowded living conditions. Atopic diseases and symptoms included hay fever, eczema, any allergy, sneezing problems, and sinus infections. The outcome was glaucoma defined by the Rotterdam criteria. Covariates included age, gender, ethnicity, and allergy-related medication use. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between each exposure and glaucoma prevalence, controlling for all covariates. Statistical analyses were weighted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey multistage sampling design. Results: The weighted study population included 83,205,587 subjects, of whom 2,657,336 (3.2%) had glaucoma. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with increased glaucoma included cat ownership (odds ratio =1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–3.87) and mildew/musty smell in home (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.99–3.84; borderline significance), while history of eczema was associated with decreased glaucoma (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.99). Conclusion: In National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, self-reported cat ownership is associated with increased glaucoma prevalence, while a mildew/musty smell in home may have a borderline association with increased glaucoma prevalence. These findings are possibly related to laboratory associations identified in the same population and further studies are needed to identify potential mechanisms to explain these associations.

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Computer Game Use and Television Viewing Increased Risk for Overweight among Low Activity Girls: Fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey 2008-2009

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/364702 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ladda Mo-suwan ◽

Jiraluck Nontarak ◽

Wichai Aekplakorn ◽

Warapone Satheannoppakao

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

National Health ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Computer Game ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Health Examination ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Health Examination Survey ◽

Increased Risk

Studies of the relationship between sedentary behaviors and overweight among children and adolescents show mixed results. The fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey data collected between 2008 and 2009 were used to explore this association in 5,999 children aged 6 to 14 years. The prevalence of overweight defined by the age- and gender-specific body mass index cut-points of the International Obesity Task Force was 16%. Using multiple logistic regression, computer game use for more than 1 hour a day was found to be associated with an increased risk of overweight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.93). The effect of computer game use and TV viewing on the risk for overweight was significantly pronounced among girls who spent ≤3 days/week in 60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (AOR = 1.99 and 1.72, resp.). On the contrary, these sedentary behaviors did not exert significant risk for overweight among boys. The moderating effect on risk of overweight by physical inactivity and media use should be taken into consideration in designing the interventions for overweight control in children and adolescents. Tracking societal changes is essential for identification of potential areas for targeted interventions.

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Polyclonal Hypergammaglobulinemia in a Randomized Sample of Ghanaian Adult Males.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.960.960 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 960-960

Author(s):

Francis Buadi ◽

Jerry A. Katzmann ◽

Ruth M. Pfeiffer ◽

Ann W. Hsing ◽

Edward D. Yeboah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Globulin ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Reference Level ◽

Health Examination ◽

Adult Males ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Polyclonal Hypergammaglobulinemia ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population

Abstract Introduction Diffuse or polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia has been associated with multiple medical conditions such as autoimmune diseases, infections, and chronic liver diseases. However, the possibility of differences in gamma globulin levels in different races and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors is not well studied. Method A randomized sample of 917 adult males (50–74 years) in an urban community in Ghana underwent in-person interview and health examination. Serum from all persons was analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel. Those found to have a monoclonal protein (n=54) were excluded from further analysis. Gamma globulin levels were measured in the remaining 863 samples. Associations between selected characteristics and gamma globulin levels were assessed by Chi-square test and logistic regression models. Results The median gamma globulin level was 1.86 gm/dl. Seventy three percent of the study population had gamma globulin levels above the 1.6 gm/dl reference level and will be considered to have hypergammaglobulinemia. Surprisingly, 25% had gamma globulin levels above 2.17 gm/dl. In univariate analysis increased gamma globulin levels were associated with older age within the study population. Only 54% of the males aged 60 yrs or younger had gamma globulin levels above 1.6 gm/dl compared to 69% in those older than 60 yrs (p=0.007). Higher education level was associated with a low prevalence of hypergammaglobulinemia 51% compared with 74% in those with less than high school education (p <0.0001). Smoking was not associated (p=0.16) with gamma globulin levels. Although a higher proportion (71%) of people with history of alcohol use had hypergammaglobulinemia compared to the control (63%) this was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Self-reported history of genital warts, genital herpes and meningitis was associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, whereas syphilis, malaria, cholera, gonorrhea, hepatitis, measles and tuberculosis had no association with gamma globulin levels in univariate analysis. Conclusion Three quarters of this randomized sample of Ghanaian adult males has hypergammaglobulinemia based on current laboratory definitions. More work is needed to uncover underlying causes for the observed high gamma globulin levels in this population. Further evaluation of a younger population with less environmental influence may help explain whether this is due to genetic differences, environmental exposures, or a combination.

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