scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Motives and Goals of the First Colonizers of Siberia Based on the Materials of the Russian Colonization of the Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Chernyshov Sergey A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Far East ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Individual Actions

The article reconstructs individual characteristics of the subjects of the initial colonization of Siberia and the Far East and episodes of their advance to new lands. The main methodological approach of the research is the principle of historicism, as well as the principle of “activity constitutes”, widespread in psychological science, according to which identical activities and external conditions should give rise to similar worldview systems. On the basis of this premise, the possibility of judgments by analogy is substantiated in relation to the motives and goals of the first colonizers of Siberia based on the materials of the development of the Far East by the Russians. On the basis of materials of personal origin, the author examines the strategies of legitimizing individual actions of the pioneers through forcing the factor of external threat, as well as using the idea of “state good”. The colonialists use these arguments as a justification for their own actions in the east. At the same time, the acts of colonization undertaken by them have an adventurous connotation characterized by actions with a pronounced emotional component of the decisions made. The problems of relations with aborigines are considered separately. It is concluded that the idea of “peaceful peasant colonization”, which has a civilizing significance for the local population is untenable, as well as the conventionality of the transition of the aborigines under the authority of the Moscow government, which is fully realized by the pioneers.

Institutional Transfer: The Beginnings of Insurance in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borscheid ◽  
Niels-Viggo Haueter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Credit Crisis ◽  
The Far East ◽  
America South ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

At the turn of the nineteenth century, modern insurance started to spread from the British Isles around the world. Outside Europe and the European offshoots in North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, it began to compete with other forms of risk management and often met with stiff opposition on religious and cultural grounds. Insurance arrived in Southeast Asia via British merchants living in India and Canton rather than through agencies of European firms. While the early agency houses in Bengal collapsed in the credit crisis of 1829–1834, the firms established by opium traders residing in Macau and Hong Kong, and advised by insurance experts in London, went on to form the foundations of the insurance industry in the Far East. Until the early twentieth century, they sought to use the techniques of risk management that they had developed in Europe to win Europeans and Americans living in Southeast Asia as clients, along with members of the local population familiar with Western culture.

scholarly journals Problems and Perspectives of Single-Industry Towns in the Far East

2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Владимир Григорьев ◽  
Vladimir Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Specific Deposit

The research features the topical problem of formation and functioning of single-industry towns. The paper gives the quantitative parameters of some single-industry towns of the Russian Federation and the Far East, as well as the main factors of their development and related problems, such as unemployment, demography, migration, and absence of residents-investors. For example, a program of complex development of single-industry towns has been developed and implemented in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the main focus on creating new jobs. As a result, industrial enterprises are expected to attract at least 10,000 people from the local population by 2020. The author offers some possible solutions and substantiates the expediency of feasibility studies when choosing a method of development of each specific deposit. The studies should be based on the production capacity of the future enterprise. The obtained data predict when the local deposits will be exhausted and, thus, the prospective operation life of the settlement. Only after that, either stationary settlement or rotational team method can be chosen.

‘Hong Kong can afford a typhoon or two’: British discussions of revolving storms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chi Chi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
British Press ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract This article examines the way in which the British press reported on typhoons that affected Hong Kong during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Typhoons were a significant element in the narration of the British Empire, featuring frequently in British accounts of their involvements in the Far East, where Hong Kong was its only colony. I suggest that these accounts need to be considered alongside the consolidation of the ‘tropics’ as a region in British perceptions, and in doing so, this article opens discussions of the study of tropicality to the consideration not just of climate, but also of the significance of singular weather events. This article argues that the cultural representations of typhoons in the British press were a tool of ‘othering’. In particular, there were two significant shifts around the 1880s in these reports. First, the term ‘typhoon’ became tied to these types of storms that affected Hong Kong. Second, the stories that were told about typhoon events emphasized British heroism and colonial management. Both these shifts in reporting stripped away the weather wisdom that British sailors had earlier identified in the local population.

Strategic Priorities of Pacific Russia's Development

2015 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
V. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
The Government

The article aims to put forward new approaches to encouraging the development of Russia's Eastern regions. Firstly, the author describes Pacific Russia as a specific social and economic territory. He insists that in its strategic planning the government has to take into account not only the region’s vast territory and unfavorable climate, but its economic and social orientation towards Asia-Pacific region. Secondly, the author analyzes underlying causes of previous failures to speed up Pacific Russia’s development. Two factors have stimulated policy towards Russia Pacific: the desire to strengthen Moscow’s control over this region and to ensure Russia presence in the APR. Infrastructure improvement, increase of local population, and a stronger binding of this region to European center were the three main pillars of this policy. Traditional instruments such as administrative and political resources and program-oriented planning have been used. The Kremlin actions to implement its goals have yielded some positive results, especially in the field of Russia’s advance into the Asia-Pacific and its trade with Northeast Asian countries. However, the efficiency of politico-administrative and intellectual efforts was extremely low, and the purpose to make the Far East a Russia’s steady foothold in the Asia Pacific region has not been achieved. Finally, the author claims that from the standpoint of Russia's national interests the development of Pacific Russia region is preferably a strategic rather than an economic project. If Moscow really intends to convert this chronically problematic region into a successful one it has to give up to perceive the region as an appendage of European motherland and to rethink the ideology of its development. Author calls to abandon the idea of socio-economic development of the whole territory of the Far East and to prefer a “zonal development model” with the stress on strategic goals, individual policies for each zone and anthropocentric approach to regional development. Zonal development is based on the recognition of unique functions performed by different territories of Pacific Russia, so these areas should become the subjects of a differentiated policy. Anthropocentric approach means preferential federal investment into human capital, as well as special attention to the local people interests and potential as the resources of Russian policy in the APR. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of Russian Science Foundation, project № 14-18-00161 “Far Eastern Resource of Russia’s Integration into APR: experience and potential of regional and border interaction”.

Russian State Policy for the Development of the Far East at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-343
Author(s):  
I. N. Mamkina ◽  
N. Yu. Gusevskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Russian State ◽  
External Threat ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

The proposals of the authorities on the development of the Far East at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The relevance of studying the past experience in the development of this region is due to the increased attention of the authorities to the introduction of large-scale programs to strengthen the eastern borders of the state. The authors note the increased scientific interest in the study of the history of the Far East development at the beginning of the 20th century. An analysis of government actions in the Amur region during this period allowed the authors to determine their relationship with the foreign policy position of the empire in the Far East. It was determined that the formation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East was aimed at consolidating the actions of the central and provincial authorities. The authors note that at the stage of preliminary coordination of the directions of the Committee’s activities, the members of the government did not have a holistic idea of the regional development strategy. A comparative analysis revealed that the proposals of the central and regional authorities did not have any fundamental differences. The pragmatism of the proposals of local governors was noted. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East and the organization of the Amur expedition were undertaken under the influence of an external threat and aimed at strengthening the military-industrial potential of the region. The authors note that the administrative and economic development of the region was not a priority for the central authorities.

scholarly journals THE EARLY METAL AGE IN EASTERN EURASIA. THE ISSUE OF CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. Конькова
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Sayan

Статья посвящена исследованию одной из малоизученных проблем механизмов распространения металла из центров его получения/изготовления на периферию. В Центральной Азии металл появляется с III тыс. до н. э. Далее на восток (Забайкалье, Приморье, Якутия, Манчжурия, Корея) металлические вещи проникают в конце II - начале I тыс. до н. э. Территории Саяно-Алтая, Монголии и Забайкалья богаты месторождениями металлов. Далее к востоку богатые металлами районы входят в Тихоокеанский металлогенический пояс. Описаны имитации металлического оружия (копий и кинжалов), изготовленные из местного сланца. Выделены три хронологические группы: предметы сейминско-турбинского облика, карасукского облика и кинжалы тагарского типа. Результаты спектрального и металлографического исследования металлических изделий с территории юга Дальнего Востока России указывает на развитые традиции металлообработки, не имеющие местных корней. Изучение изотопов свинца показало, что металл изделий происходит с территории Восточных Саян или из Западного Прибайкалья. Предложен вывод о том, что длительное взаимодействие групп населения, пришедших на Дальний Восток с запада и обладавших металлом, с местным населением не привело к кардинальным изменениям в технологическом развитии дальневосточных племен, несмотря на наличие богатых рудных ресурсов. The paper explores one of the understudied issues related to the spread of metal from extraction/production centers to the periphery. Metal appeared in Central Asia in III mill. BC. Subsequently, metal items penetrated the eastern regions (Trans-Baikal region, Primorye, Yakutia, Manchuria, and Korea) at the end of II - early I mill. BC. The Sayan-Altai region, Mongolia and the Trans-Baikal region are rich in metal deposits. The regions rich with metals located further to the east form part of the Pacific metallogenic belt. The paper describes imitations of metal weapons (spearheads and daggers) made from local shale rock. Three chronological groups of such replicas were singled out: items of the Seyma-Turbino type, items of the Karasuk type, and daggers of the Tagar type. The spectral and metallographic studies of metal artifacts from the southern Far East of Russia demonstrate developed traditions of metalworking that do not have local origin. In accordance with the data of lead isotope analysis, the metal the artifacts were made from, originated from the eastern Sayan Mountains or the western Baikal region. We may reasonably infer from this analysis that the population groups bringing metal had come to the Far East from the west. Yet long-term relations between them and the local population did not lead to drastic changes in the technological development of the Far East peoples despite abundance of rich ore deposits.

scholarly journals On the Formation of Local Communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1072
Author(s):  
Valentina N. Asochakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Chistanova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to consider the formation of local communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the religious migrant world. The authors refer to religious migrants as migrants who left their place of permanent residence in Central Russia and moved to Siberia in the 19th century in an attempt to preserve and spread their non-Orthodox religion. The authors analyse literature, sources from the Siberian archives, scientific articles and monographs on the life of religious migrants in other regions of Siberia and the Far East. The article gives a classification of sects, adopted by pre-revolutionary scholars, examines in detail the representatives of all faiths living in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory, namely Molokans, Dukhobors, Skoptsy, Catholics and Protestants, especially Lutherans, their number, farming conditions and interaction with local population. The conclusion sets out the reasons why local communities in the studied region did not form: the border location of the region, the indigenous population, which was just beginning to accept Orthodoxy, the fragmentation and small number of sectarians

scholarly journals SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST AMONG THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ASSESSMENT OF CONDITIONS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Galina Gvozdeva ◽  
Elena Gvozdeva ◽  
Vitaly Kostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Comparative Description

The objective of the paper is to make a comparative description of the conditions for human development in the regions of Siberia and the Far East against the background of other territories of Russia. Based on the statistical data from 2014-2017, the typology of the Russian regions differing in external conditions for human development of the population is constructed using factor analysis. Its distinctive feature is that among the influencing factors the behavior of the population is taken into account. The concentration of population in regions with favorable conditions is shown. In most regions of Siberia and the Far East, conditions are unfavorable: low incomes, low life expectancy, accelerated reduction in the number of personnel engaged in research and development, reduction in the cost of technological innovations and the rate of growth in the volume of innovative products.

A Technological Marker of the Penetration into North America: Pressure Microblade Debitage, its Origin in the Paleolithic of North Asia and its Diffusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-L. Inizan ◽  
M. Lechevallier ◽  
P. Plumet
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Far East ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Unpublished Paper ◽  
The Far East ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Early Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vast Area

ABSTRACTUntil recently1it was admitted that the pressure debitage technique had been invented at the end of the Upper Paleolithic, and its presence in different geographical zones was difficult to explain.Now that we are able to recognize it thanks to advances in experimentation, its invention seems to have been made some 20,000 years ago in the vast area where the Mongoloid people, who were to occupy the Far East, the Beringian zone and America, first appeared.We are going to describe the methodological approach which allowed us to imply pressure debitage as a cultural marker in the history of prehistoric penetration into North America and to show the specificity of this technique in the Paleolithic of North Asia. Our proposal is a development of an unpublished paper presented at the Novosibirsk Symposium in 19902. The opportunity we had then to examine lithic industries from Siberia convinced us of the early use of the pressure technique.

scholarly journals Трансформация этни­ческого состава населения украинского Подунавья: к вопросу о переселении молдаван/румын на Дальний Восток (1947-1949 гг.) / Transformation of the Ethnic Combination of the Ukrainian Podunavia Population: on the Issue of the Resettlement of Moldavians/Romanian to the Far East (1947 – 1949)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Lilia Tsyganenko
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Far East ◽  
South Sakhalin ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Based on previously unpublished archive documents (Ismail, Ukraine), the organization and resettlement of parts of the residents from the lower Danube region to South Sakhalin in 1947-1949 are considered. First of all, the resettlement touched the representatives of the Moldovan/Romanian ethnic group living in Reni district. This relocation should be seen as an attempt from the part of the Soviet totalitarian regime to transform the ethnic composition of the region, having evicted the part of the local population to remote corners of the Soviet empire, which, without much enthusiasm, met the socialist changes of the second half of the 1940s and related to the collectivization of agriculture. The age, gender, and quantitative indicators are analyzed. Lists of immigrants to the South Sakhalin in 1947 and 1948 are given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document